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Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME LII. 
1920. 


EDITED BY 


DR. E. M. WALKER, 


Biological Department, 


UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE : 


A. W. Baker W . H. Brittain L. Caesar N. Criddle 
A. Gibson F. J. A. Morris R. C. Treherne A. F. Winn 


Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. 





London, Cntario: 
. The London Printing and Lithographing Company Limited 


1920, 


LIST OF CONTRIBUIGRS TO; VOlzsrIL a 





PASTIN SEDC RIN steccccacsDeoneceronisetoaeecacsae Buteatvotee nom oryen ees ecics cde ners Sroux City, Iowa. 

ALEXANDER, C. P FA ....URBANA, ILL. 

IB AKCRARS DREGA. WC. cc scccus vcssnecneReseeeaeet Wig. IB Urea ols ELON O1ORY:2) cnses cook oosurnteasteovanedees WASHINGTON, D. C. 
IBAIRIBESR, (Ge Wisds. teceseecescars curcouecdaeeee U.S. Bureaulot Emtomology...cc...c-...cesecsseecesostevern- WASHINGTON, D. C. 
BANKS, NATHAN.............. ee CAMBRIDGE, MAss. 


BLACKMORE, E. H 
BLATCHLEY, W. S 


VicToriA, B.C. 
.. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 









IB RAIINGIMOLSS PANINI DT ae tcc cae cee coe tte era en, Es Ae CINCINNATI, OHIO. f 
BUSGCKs “AU GUSU ce ocrreliccsonsteess Wiese Nacional leMrserimes iron teccece meet reste heen eee WASHINGTON, D. C. 
GAESAR, (PROFS W2vc.ccne : GUELPH, ONT. 

GARIRU GES Site a eee cetecotesee EDMONTON, ALBERTA.- 
CHAMBEREIN, (DRA) Re. Victeaeecca td ....CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 
COCKEPRELEE SPROE Sl iD. Acs. Wniversity or Colorad Ossian. scseherecsccesedecatascssttenessenes BOULDER, COL. 
CRAMPTON, G. C.u....0......:0.:0000+0000s-. Massachusetts Agricultural College.............::0:00+ AMHERST, MASss. 
CRIDDLE, NORMAN ..........:... ..Dominion Entomological Laboratory ... TREESBANK, MAN. 







CURRAN Gaiies.c a ..Dominion Entomological Laboratory ... VINELAND STATION, ONT. 








DAVIDSON, W. M....... ..U. S. Bureau of Entomology.................68 .... ALHAMBRA, CAL. 

IDE ANAS IDI Ree 5 4h Cole NMR Scene Ra EE SP AREF APS RnR He ar Rn Ae aan ar On eee ee HAZLETON, PA. 

EVAN Was 6 lhe (Ge aan ep ol ites PCO Oe OE an SAMMI AMOR oA Renee Rie tat ee Ba aes Sn Pe TyNGSBORO, MASss. 
FERRIS, G. F. ey ...STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CAL ~ 
TELE AO Sil BEST CAT AN peng nr eee en an AB Re, SRR gg RE tay ce SSPE CoE ree FRAMINGHAM, MASS. 
GAR TT CRG Ga westastvencsesescesete ha GUELPH, ONT. 

GARNETT, RICHARD T...... ....QAKLAND, CAL. 






GARRETT, GC. B. -D::. ...CRANBROOK, B. C. 








GTBSON ARTHUR: sesso tcteascs ve ....OTTAWA, ONT. 
GIBSON, (DIR sR AUN UN ee sists cece cba tates cetera eeas va nde seueen aaa dues Chae aoe NEE Re pee coe ee eS BALTIMORE, MD. 
TEE NIDET NIN ING UR socks csitecstucnnsilvoucctoeh seve eancoastede estos echosvacs Tv anagevou enelauevese rodececcnetanucatanmmnuss dees Duncan, B.C. 
GUNTHORP, HORACE.. Ai ... TOPEKA, KANS. 
HABER, VERNON R...... ...RALEIGH, N. C. 
AVR TE ERG. 255.5. cate Ba ...GUELPH, ONT. 
PETE NIN ERM COMET ARNG eave det cecuaceaucaeatateccsstercsae chccssnaveseeseaitun tenance naeeeToranaestessgdveaccéndeastetieaetcestersscal WASHINGTON, D.C. 
ET OTIZAINID AER Wie) ecaeeresescatsreevesees. Director of the Carnegie Museum....................0.066 PITTSBURG, PA. 
HOPPING, RALPH ...Forest Insect Division ...VERNON, B. C. 
IGEN G'S, (CB ter, sckcsuv. coteicsctenes Forest Insect Division Orrawa, B.C. 
MacDUNNOUGH, DR, J.................. Entomological Branch OTTAWA, ONT. 
MACGIVUELVRAY. PRORVALEX. DUmiversity. of LIMMOIS 2: ..02-cccccqcshcadceeocces: custeacseceeadece URBANA, ILL. 


MACNAMARA, CHARLES ARNPRIOR, ONT. 

IY GAC 1 ECO) Gls Bell eel ea eee ed Pe ae Ss ...URBANA, ILL. 

IMD AITO oe UG Oe sAncct ch cfc ococo Shgaeciet Arcache Smbag tba occ ac dses00 sas oF conan oso. ca cceeaaE ce Repro PESO BERKELEY, CAL. 

FCO fl Si RU SS 1 REA | Pa daa Re re a Re er ie ie A ere pee RE BN Sone PETERBOROUGH, ONT, 
NAKAHARA, DR. WARO.......... ... ELMHURST, LONG ISLAND, N.Y. 
PARSHLEY, H. M..... ...NORTHAMPTON, MASS. 
ROCKWOOD, L. P.... ae ...FOREST GROVE, OREGON. 
ROSEWALEL VOW crete ee BATON RouGE, LA. 

SAW ERS Wen Siacir's cccnaxctucensrccore saectres ITHaca, N. Y. 
SOHROTREMV Ci Antec ...PTO. BERTONI, PARAGUAY. 


















SIV ET By, a) on ves cnceaeoreetvte see ..SHERBORN, MAN. 
DONE RG Dy. etait achsdgcnsuntetarme eee Beene es enw cte catatecaart cata ..lowA City, IowA. 
STRICKLAND, Be Mise taco Entomological Branch). .cce.s.eccasessecentebesreteeeeneeeenenes OrTTawa, ONT. 
SUV AINE ric Mle casa cticee cite heat cence Entomological Branchis.c..cencsuuaeseeieaeveresusnceeescectee OtTTrawa, ONT. 
TAKAHASHI, RYOICHI.... ..MEGURO, TOKYO, JAPAN, 
DIMBERLA KE; “Po. Fs. cccd cit ovscucssecs aeerteeremsevure aecnhdaa cede acest nO oea ee ae a Rrra pease sce raaeer HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN 
ISLANDS. 
ANSI} S AS RU De i Gleaner ta eee a Dominion Entomological Service..........:cceccceseeeeees VANCOUVER, B.C. 
WALKER, PROF. E. M ... TORONTO, ONT. 
VAISS 5) Melee BS )elecsatassackctateeas Uae cee ...NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. 
NUE), AER IMUAING ©. i. s00cee aces Ce ee eae co sesaoc cece ...NEW BRUNSWICE, N.J. 





WICKHAM, PROF. H. Reo. Towa StateuUiniversitincccwe csc etesstrnteenee ee teateni aetna se Iowa City, Iowa. 
VITILIGO 5 AUR T FEU ons cok vgccdetc ctr ee toc o kobe eae eats RCE OTR RETO Hea EROS Ec MontTreEALt, P. Q. 


Che Canadian Cntomologist 


Vow, LIT: LONDON, JANUARY, 1920. No. 1 





POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
THE COTTONWOOD LEAF-MINING BEETLES IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA. 


BY E. H. STRICKLAND, 
Entomological Branch, Dominion Dept. of Agriculture. 


Cottonwoods and other poplars have proved to be the trees best adapted 
for shade and ornamental purposes on the treeless plains of Southern Alberta 
and Saskatchewan. It is, therefore, to be regretted that every year the leaves 
of these beautiful trees are made unsightly by the presence of large blackened 
areas, which may extend over their entire surface. In some years hardly a leaf 
on badly attacked trees escapes this disfigurement. 

By the middle of June an examination of the cottonwood trees around 
Lethbridge, Alberta, can hardly fail to reveal the presence of small groups of 
holes on the underside of the leaves, (Fig. 2) with perhaps a few smaller groups 
on the upper side also (Fig. 1, A). 

A closer examination of these holes shows that they are never more than 
about 1 mm. in diameter and are polygonal in shape, being bounded by the 
finer reticulations of the leaf veins. They do not entirely pierce the leaf but 
extend to the upper epidermis, which appears as a transparent membrane 
when the leaf is held to the light. After a few weeks they become more circular 
in outline, and are surrounded with a cork-like growth. 

These holes are the feeding punctures of the Cottonwood and the Poplar- 
leaf-mining beetles (Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr. and Z. abnormis Lec.). 

The former beetle, which we shall consider more especially in this article, 
is a pretty little species, measuring 4 mm. long, with a bright yellow thorax 
and with black wing covers. (Fig. 3). This beetle feeds most abundantly 
on cottonwoods, though it is found sparingly on other poplars. 

Weiss and Nicolay* in recording the occurrence of this beetle in New 
Jersey, where they state that it appeared first in 1919, describe it as a ‘‘ European 
Poplar Leaf-miner.’’ We are inclined to doubt whether this species has been 
imported from Europe. Mr. Criddle tells me that, from the earliest dates upon 
which he made observations on the cottonwood-infesting insects of Manitoba 
this beetle has been abundant, especially upon the native cottonwoods in river 
bottoms. This observation was made in 1903, when very few cottonwoods 
had been imported into Manitoba from elsewhere, and Mr. Criddle has noticed 
that the beetles do not spread rapidly to the imported trees. In Alberta our 
first personal record was made in 1913, but the inhabitants of Lethbridge in- 
formed us at the time that, in so far as they had observed, the cottonwood 
leaves were always more or less disfigured with black blisters. 

Zeugophora abnormis is a beetle similar in size to Z. scuiellaris, but it is 
entirely black. It is rarely seen on cottonwoods, but it confines its attention 
chiefly to Balms of Gilead. 

*Ento. News, vol. 30, May, 1919. | 





2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Life-history and Habits of Z. scutellaris, Suffr. 


On about June 15, the adults are found for the first time in the year feeding 
on cottonwood leaves. From then on to the end of the month their numbers 
increase rapidly. Although these beetles are apparently strong fliers they do 
not take readily to wing, but if disturbed they fall to the ground, feigning death. 
They are usually present in the largest numbers on the smaller leaved varieties 
of cottonwoods, and are always more numerous on the lee side of the tree than 
on the exposed. Trees sheltered by houses also suffer more than others. 





Fig. 1. Cottonwood leaf, upper side, attacked by Z. scuiellaris, natural size. 
A. Old feeding punctures of adult. 
B. Blackened blister made by larva. 
C. Epidermis torn away where larva escaped. 
D. Darkened areas over eggs which failed to hatch. 


By June 26, the sexes are mating freely on the leaves, the female browsing 
peacefully meanwhile. Before the end of the month numerous eggs can be 
found in the leaves of trees where the beetles have been feeding. These eggs 
are yellow or green in colour, elliptical, 1 mm long by 5 mm wide. They are 
laid in a small cavity close to the upper epidermis of the leaf. This is con- 
nected to a hole on the underside of the leaf by a short diagonal! tunnel. 

Soon after the egg has been laid the tissues above the cavity turn brown, 
thus the location of each egg is marked on the upper side of the leaf by a small 
brown spot about 1 mm in diameter (Fig. 1, D). 


From the egg hatches a small, flat larva with « broad head, flattened dorso- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3 


ventrally to such an extent that its anterior margin has a chisel-like edge, from 
which project a pair of sharp mandibles. (Fig. 4.) 


The young larva is very delicate, but it begins at once to enlarge the cavity 
in which it hatched, feeding only on the palisade cells of the leaf just under the 
upper epidermis Throughout its life the larva feeds on these cells only and 
never attacks the lower layer of cells forming the spongy tissues of the leaf. 
These latter turn black about 24 hours after the overlying layer of palisade 
cells have been eaten, and this black colour showing through the transparent 
upper epidermis causes the unsightly dishgurement of attacked leaves, as shown 
im ric. 1,.B. é 

_ The larva is unable at first to eat through the larger veinlets, but the eggs 
are always laid within half an inch of the leaf margin, where the veins are very 
fine, thus assuring an ample food supply before the larva is strong enough to 
tackle the larger veins, the mid-rib of which will in time be eaten through. 
Often several eggs are laid in one leaf, in one case as many as 13 were counted, 
but a large percentage fail to hatch. The larve are by no means gregarious. 











“OP 


Fig. 2. Old feeding punctures on under side of leaf showing { ] Fig. 3. Adult of Z. scutellaris, x 7. 
corky tissues developed around punctured area. 





When the burrows of two larve of approximately equal size join up, these 
two larve may both live if they remain in different areas of the single blister 
thus formed, but in nearly every case’only one survives A large blister covering 
almost an entire leaf frequently contains one healthy larva only, together with 
six or seven smaller dead specimens which show no apparent cause for death. 

The larve are found with the ventral side uppermost. They are legless, 
and can move as readily on the dorsum as on the venter. While in the blister 
they are very active and can move rapidly, but when removed from it their 
progress is very slow 

In figure 4 we illustrate a larva of this species in the penultimate stage. 
The characteristic black markings on the meso- and meta-thoracic and on 
the abdomina! segments are present in all stages of this larva, with the exception 
of the first and the final stages. They occur both on the dorsum and venter. 

By the middle of September the majority of larve are mature, measuring 
6 mm long. They now break through the thin upper epidermis of the leaf 
(Fig 1 C) and fall to the ground. 

In captivity the escaped larva burrows into the soil to the depth of about 4 


4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


inches, where it forms a small elliptical cavity about 1/18’ long by 1/2’’ wide, 
in which it is found curled up, probably to hibernate as a larva. These cells 
with their contained Jarve could not be found under infested trees, the majority 
of which were growing on lawns. Captive specimens were alive and active 
when distributed on the 12th of November, but were all dead when examined 
in the following spring. 


Life-history and Habits of Z. abnormis Lec. 

As previously stated, this is found most abundantly on Balm of Gilead. 

Its life-history does not differ much from that given above, though eggs 
are laid in much larger numbers on individual leaves, as many as 50 having 
been taken from one leaf. About 28% of the eggs under observation failed to 
hatch for no apparent reason, and an examination of leaves under natural con- 
ditions indicated that this sterility was normal. 





Fig. 4. Larve of Z. scutellaris and Z. abnormis, x 10. 


The larve are similar to those of scutellaris. The main structural dif- 
ferences as shown in Fig. 4, which represents an almost mature larva of each 
species. Stage II larve of abnormis have black abdominal markings similar 
to, though less prominent than, those of scutellaris, but from stage III onwards 
they are entirely missing, and the larva is of a uniform yellowish-green colour. 

These larvae are more gregarious than are those of scutellaris, and as many 
as seven healthy specimens in various stages have been found feeding together 
in one blister. 

The adults attack sheltered trees almost exclusively. The greatest damage 
is done to foliage 6 to 10 feet from the ground, while the leaves towards the 
centre of the tree are almost immune from attack. 

Though this beetle does not occur annually in such large numbers as does 
scutillaris, it is far more abundant in some years on the comparatively few 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3) 


Balms of Gilead than is that species. Attacked trees may have the majority 
of leaves almost completely veined by the feeding of the adults alone. ' 
Control. 

Natural.—Egg parasites are numerous, particularly in Z. abnormis. A 
minute Hymenopterous fly was reared from attacked eggs, which has been 
determined as a Mymarid. Over 40 per cent. of the eggs of abnormis examined 
contained various stages of this parasite. — 

One specimen of a hymenopterous parasite only was found in large numbers 
of larvee examined. 

Artificial—Experiments in spraying infested trees with Lead Arsenate or 
Paris Green indicated that the latter would prove more successful. It is a 
more rapid killer, thus reducing oviposition by the females after feeding on it. 

The following spray gave good results; Paris green, 1 oz.; slack lime, 4 oz.; 
water, 10 gallons. Care must be taken that the spray is directed to the under- 
side of the leaves, which necessitates the use of an angle nozzle, and the work 
must be done as soon as the beetles appear in sufficient numbers to indicate 
that the trees will suffer later in the season. 

It is useless to spray with Paris green when the leaves begin to turn black. 
The spraying of only a few trees, however well done, in a badly infested area 
can at best diminish by a small amount the attack on those particular trees. 
This is due to the flying ability of the beetles. Were the majority of the trees 
in the district sprayed early in the season most of the beetles would be poisoned 
while they were feeding on various trees before selecting leaves for oviposition 
towards the end of June. 





THREE NEW CRANE-FLIES FROM EASTERN CANADA. 


IB YDIRG Wie G.. DR Ra 
Hazleton, Pa. 


Late in the fall of 1917, I received from Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Curator of 
the Atlantic Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., a small collection of crane- 
flies, taken by him at Eastern Harbour, Cape Breton Island, N.S., and Amherst 
Island, Magdalen Islands, Que. Aside from the three species here described 
as new, the following species were represented:—Limnophila tnornata O.S., 
Eastern Harbour, July Ist, 7 o’s; Limnophila adusta O.S., Eastern Harbour, 
July 4, 1 9; Pachyrina pedunculata Loew, Eastern Harbour, July Ist, 1 0; 
Pachyrina ferruginea Fabr., Amherst Is., July 15; Eastern Harbour, July 20, 
5 o's, 2 9’s; Tipula angulata Loew, Eastern Harbour, July Ist, 1 o&, 2 Q’s; 
Tipula trivittata Say, Amherst Is., July 15, 1 &; Tipula caloptera Loew, Eastern 
Harbour, July Ist, 1 9; 7ipula latipennis Loew (ottawaensis Dietz), Amherst 
Is., July 15, 1 &; Tipula rohwert Doane, Amherst Is., July 12, 1 &; Ttpula 
inermis Doane, Amherst Is., July 15, 2 o1; and Tipula tephrocephala Loew, 
Eastern Harbour, July Ist, 1 o&, 2 9’s. 


Limnophila magdalena, n. sp.* 
Black with a grayish bloom. Very similar to Limnophila barberi Alex. 


Legs dusky yellow, femora infuscate at apex only. 


*Types of the new species are in the author’s collection. 
January, 1920 





6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Male.—Length 10 mm.; wing 10 mm. Head, mouth-parts, palpi and 
antenne black; rostrum short; antenne short, first joint long with grayish bloom 
above, second joint broadly subconic, joints three to five a little wider than the 
following joints and, like the latter, moniliform, outer joints somewhat elongate; 
the whole antenne thinly clothed with short, black hairs, shorter than the 
respective joints. Front and occiput with a grayish bloom and, especially the 
latter, beset with black hairs. Neck three-quarters the length of front and 
occiput, transversely subrugulose. 


Thorax concolorous, subglabrous; the usual stripes are subfoveate, the 
median stripe of equal width with an irregular, grayish median line; the inter- 
spaces with grayish bloom and a row of short, grayish hairs, directed outwardly ; 
the grayish bloom is more dense on the posterior portion of the prescutum, so 
as to obscure the limitations of the stripes. Scutum, scutellum and pestnotum 
with grayish bloom. Pleura with grayish bloom, dorso-pleural membrane 
obscurely yellowish. Halters entirely pale, yellowish. Legs of mederate 
length and robustness, sordid yellow with black pilosity; coxee yellowish-brown, 
darker anteriorly; anterior and middle femora infuscate in apical fifth the 
posterior in the apical fourth; apices of tibiz and outer tarsal joints infuscate. 
Wings light brownish, costal portion more yellowish; veins brown, cord and 
vein Cu, Cuz and Az seamed with brown; Scz on a line with the base of cell 
Re; Rs long, slightly curved at its base, 2:3 very short, scarcely longer than 
Sce, cross-vein 7 at the tip of Ri; the bases of cells Re+3 and Ras approximately 
in a line, cell Mi about as long as its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, near the 
middle of cell 7st M2; stigma elongate, quadrate, dark brown. 


Abdomen dark brown; tergites two to four, somewhat reddish in the middle 
portion and thinly clothed with whitish hair. Hypopygium concolorous; the 
ninth tergite strongely narrowed posteriorly with a small, rounded median 
emargination. Pleurites large, hairy; the upper appendages dark testaceous, 
broadening for three;fifths their length, thence narrowed and ending in a denti- 
form point, the inner margin of the outer two-fifths strongly denticulate; the 
lower appendage broad in basal portion, and ending in a sharp point. 


Holotype-—&%, Amherst ‘Island, Magdalen Islands, Quebec, July 15th, 
1917. (A. G. Huntsman). 

Distinguished from L. barberi, which appears to be its nearest ally, by its 
. larger size, brownish wings, dark brown stigma and veins Cu and Cuz strongly 
seamed with fuscous. The front femora are reddish-yellow, with only the apex 
infuscated. 

Limnophila adjuncta, n. sp. 

Adusta group. Dark brown, thorax shining; costal cells fuscous; stigma 

dark brown; apical part of wing infuscate; veins Cu and Cuz seamed with fuscous. 


Length female 9.5 mm.; wing 10 mm. 

Head dark fuscous, silvery-gray above; proboscis short, grayish above. 
Palpi brown. Antenne short, first joint short, fuscous, joints two to five 
brownish- yellow, ovoidal, outer joints attenuated, brownish; pilosity of moderate 
length. A patch of black hair each side of occiput. 

Thorax brown, shining; sides and perisutural fovea grayish-yellow, pol- 
linose. Scutum more distinctly pollinose. Scutellum reddish brown, shining. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ri 


Postnotum subopaque, pollinose. Pleura reddish brown, subglabrous with a 
faint, grayish sheen. Halters pale, club infuscate. Legs slender, sordid yel- 
lowish brown; pilosity short, grayish; coxe and basal part of femora yellowish, 
tarsi fuscous. Wings light gray, costal cells fuscous, stigma elongate, dark 
brown, apical portion of wing infuscate, veins Cu and Cuz seamed with fuscous. 
Venation as in Limnophila terre-nove** Alex. 

Abdomen yellowish brown, with a fine, pale pubescense; venter yellowish. 
Ovipositor brown, valves slender, curved upwards, apices pale. 

Holotype-—9Q, Eastern Harbour, Cape Breton Islands, July 17th, 1917. 
(A. G. Huntsman). 

A very close ally of L. terre-nove, with the description of which it agrees 
in all points, save that the cord and cross-veins are not seamed with fuscous; 
the Rs is longer than cell /s¢ M2—equal in terre-nove—and subangulate at the 
base, with a short stump of a vein. Cell Re is very narrow in its basal half, 
whereas it widens from the base in ferre- nove. 





Tipula huntsmaniana, n. sp. 

Very similar to T7ipula angulata Loew. Flagellar joints of antenna bi- 
coloured. The pale, angulate fascia incomplete, scarcely reaching the middle 
of cell Ms; base of wing yellowish. 

Male.—Length 13 mm.; wing 13.5 mm. 


Head dull yellow; palpi yellowish brown, last joint dark brown and shorter 
than the preceding joints rogether. Frontal prolongation and rostrunf con- 
colorous, with a light, whitish pollinosity. Nasus short. Antenne of moderate 
length, the three basal joints yellowish, joints three to ten yellowish, blackish 
at the base, outer joints brown. Frontal tubercle with impressed longitudinal 
line. Occiput with pale, yellowish-gray hairs. 

Thorax yellowish- gray, dull. Pronotum with dark, median spot. Prascutal 
stripes darker brown, ill defined; the median stripe narrowed posteriorly with a 
not sharply limited, median paler line, scutum dull brown, posterior border 
paler; scuteilum and postnotum luteous, with ill-defined, median darker line. 
Pleura yellowish white, subsericeous; pleuro-dorsal membrane dull yellow. 
Halters pale, club dark brown. Legs slender, dull, yellow; pilosity very short, 
blackish; coxze yellowish white, sericeous; femora and tibiz infuscate at the tip, 
the latter a trifle longer than the metatarsus; tarsi fuscous. Wings with the 
pattern of 7. angulata, but the pale, angulate fascia becomes narrowed in cell 
M2 and does not extend beyond the middle of the latter cell. 


Basal tergites of abdomen yellowish, becoming yellowish brown to fuscous 
posteriorly, with darker, median vitta; lateral margin of tergites paler. Venter 
similar to tergum. Eighth sternite rounded. Hypopygium yellowish brown; 
ninth tergite subquadrate with U-shaped median emargination, the lateral 
margin of the latter ends in a sharp point. Pleural suture entire; the pleurite 
transversely oval, the outer appendage narrow, erect, pointed, curved somewhat 
backward, hairy; the inner appendages consist of perpendicular plates, broadly 
rounded basally, narrowed upwardly and ending just below the free margin of 
the ninth tergite; ninth sternite with a deep, U-shaped emargination. 

**Journal New York Entomological Society, vol XXIV, PI. 8, fig. 7. 


8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Holotype-—o', Eastern Harbour, Cape Breton Island, N.S., Canada. 
(A. G. Huntsman). 

A close ally also of Tipula entomophthorae' Alex., which it resembles in 
hypopygial structures and from which it is differentiated in the bicolored, 
flagellar segments and the ill-defined, thoracic stripes. It differs from Tipula 
angulata Loew and Tipula huron Alex.?, in the angulate fascia not rendering the 
posterior wing-margin. Tipula texensis Alex.3,has the pale fascia before the stigma. 

Respectfully dedicated to Dr. A. G. Huntsman. 





A NEWSER BOR-THE AEKROPLANE-. 


The Department of Agriculture at Ottawa has discovered a new use for the 
aeroplane. The Entomological Branch is investigating the mosquito in the 
Lower Fraser Valley in British Columbia.’ By using the aeroplane, the country 
can be surveyed in order to map out the swampy areas and other breeding 
places that are readily located in photographs taken from over head, according 
to a statement by Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist, that appears 
in the October Agricultural Gazette. The aeroplane was used in making a 
comprehensive survey of the complicated water system of the Fraser River and 
the adjacent bodies of permanent and temporary water in that district. <A 
flight reported by Dr. Hewitt has demonstrated the possibility of using this 
machine also for making surveys of timber that is being killed or has already 
been destroyed by various insects. Its use, it is believed, will help very greatly 
in the entomological work with various insects being carried on by the Federal 
Department of Agriculture. 





THE HOUSE CENTIPEDE, CERMATIA FORCEPS RAF. IN MONTREAL: 


A specimen of. this Myriapod was found in a classroom of Goltman’s Busi- 
ness College on St. Lawrence Boulevard (corner of Sherbrooke Street) on July 
22, 1919, and was sent by Mr. Robert Goltman to me for the Redpath Museum 
where it was seen by Mr. A. F. Winn. It was kept alive feeding slightly upon 
house-flies until August 19th, when, by an unfortunate accident, it escaped. 
The species is mentioned in Comstock’s Manual (p. 46) as ‘often found running 
on the walls of houses, especially in the Southern States.’’ It was observed in 
Albany from 1870 onwards by J. A. Lintner, but this is believed to be the first 
record of its occurrence in Montreal. Lintner’s account of its cleaning habits was 
confirmed; when cleaning the hinder limbs the body is bent sideways. The 
appendages of one side are cleaned in succession, beginning with the antenna. 

The occurrence of this Myriapod in Canada has been recorded only once 
previously, a specimen having been taken in Toronto. (Can. Ent., XLVI, p. 
219, 1914.) ARTHUR WILLEY. 





Two other specimens of the housc centipede from Toronto have been 
sent me to for determination sincc the record cited by Prof. Willey was published. 


E.M.W. 





ie Gan. Ent. Volel ip: 330: 
Deemlibide Vol, Lap, 06; 
3. Ibid, Vol. XLVIII, p. 48. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 9 


THE BEE GENUS EMPHOR IN SOUTH AMERICA. 


BY C. SCHROTTKY, 
Pto. Bertoni, Paraguay. 

Mr. J. Vachal (Rev. Ent. Caen., Vol. XXVIII, p. 23, 24) cites 3 species of 
Emphor from Argentina: 1, E. fructifer (Holmbg.); 2, E. tricolor (Friese), and 
3, E. bifax Vach. The first is at the same time the type of the genus Teleutemnesta 
Holmbg., and the second was described as an Ancyloscelis. Vachal himself 
regards Emphor as a subgenus of Ancyloscelis; but this standpoint is not to be 
discussed here. Changing his term “‘subgenus”’ into ‘‘genus,’’ the question is 
left open whether he was correct in synonymizing Teleutemnesta with Emphor, 
or not. As I had the occasion to see some specimens of a representative of this 
group in the collection of Mr. A. de Winkelried, Bertoni, I think it useful to give 
a detailed description of them as well as some remarks on the group as a whole. 
For, if Mr. Vachal’s views are correct, the genus would have a singular distrib- 
ution; a few species in Argentina and one in the Eastern United States. The 
specimens mentioned above came from Santa Fé, Argentina, and cannot be 
referred to any of the three species cited by Vachal. ,There is a description of 
Ptilothrix tricolor (Friese) given by Bréthes* (Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, Vol. 
XX, pl. 10, p. 295), based apparently on the same insect as the Santa Fé bees, 
but, as it seems, not on that described by Friese as Ancyloscelis tricolor. There 
are too many differences between the description of the latter and the Santa 
Fé bees, so these are treated here as a new species: Emphor opuntie. Surely 
they are at least congeneric and with the same habits as tricolor. Mr. A. C. 
Jensen Haarup states that éricolor “‘is rarer than the preceding’’—Ancyloscelis 
nigerrima— ‘and similarly a cactus-insect’’ (Flora og Fauna, 1908, p. 103). 
According to Mr. Joergensen who observed both fricolor and nigerrima at 
Mendoza, Argentina, they are one and the same species; the few red hairs on 
the segments of tricolor are soon lost or decoloured and thus the insect becomes 
nigerrima. There are no plastic differences between them (Zool. Jahrb., Vol. 
Re 19i2, Abt. {. Syst. p. 157): 

Joergensen says that the bee provides its nest with a tube above the soil, a 
behaviour not observed of any other bee from Mendoza. Among the flowers 
visited he likewise cites an Opuntia (1. c.). The North American species, E. 
bombiformis (Cress.), on the contrary, was found on flowers of Ipomea and 
Hibiscus, as far as I know. 

The species described by E. L. Holmberg as Teleutemnesta fructifera is surely 
also congeneric, although there seem to exist slight differences in the venation 
of the wings. Holmberg says that the second cubital cell is smaller than the 
first or third, with the first recurrent nervure a trifle behind its middle. Vachal 
states that the second cubital cell is almost as large as the first or third, with 
the first recurrent nervure between its middle and apex, nearer to its middle, 
however. In opuntie the second cubital cell is scarcely half the length of the 
first and not more than % of the third; the first recurrent nervure enters in the 
female almost in the middle of the cell, in the male between middle and apex. 
In bombiformis finally, the second cubital cell is described as about 24 the length 


*Bréthes considers Emphor and part of Teleutemnesta as synonyms of Ptilothrix Sm. 
(Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1910, p. 212). They are certainly related but not identical if the figures 


given by F. Smith are correct. 
January, 1920 








10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


of the first. In opuntie the claws have a short median tooth in the female, a 
long one in the male, thus in the latter sex they appear almost cleft. In both 
sexes there are no pulvilli; of the other Argentine species no references are given 
in this respect. 


Emphor opuntiz, n. sp. 


Female.—Black, 18 mm. Head as broad as thorax. Face clothed with 
dirty white pubescence, that on vertex black. Clypeus nude, convex, its anterior 
margin slightly depressed, covered not very closely with rather large punctures; 
its hinder margins oblique and clothed with whitish pubescence. Mandibles 
with fine yellowish pile at base, reaching the eyes. Vertex quite closely punctured 
with rather small punctures. Antenne short, black; scape minutely punctured. 

Thorax covered with grayish hairs; a transverse line of fuscous hairs behind 
the anterior margin of the mesonotum, with short triangular projections back- 
wards on the parapsidal region; another transverse band of fuscous hairs on the 
anterior margin of scutellum. Tubercles with fuscous hairs. Sternum and 
lower part of pleuree densely covered with short black hairs. Mesonotum and 
scutellum with quite large punctures. Basal area of propodeum almost bare, 
covered with fine shallow punctures and with a slight median depression at 
base. Enclosure of basal area smooth and shining, the rest of propodeum 
densily punctured. Pleuree equally covered with close punctures. 


Abdomen.—First two dorsal segments covered with very short white hairs, 
becoming closer and longer at sides and on apical margins, forming fasciee which 
become gradually broader towards the sides; that on second segment is white 
only in the middle, towards the sides it becomes more and more yellowish. 
The following two segments are clothed at base with short scattered black hairs. 
the marginal fascize are formed by longer and closer hairs, orange yellow and 
broader at sides, paler and narrower in the middle. Fifth segment only at sides 
with orange-yellow hairs, those at base and on apical margin fuscous. Sixth 
segment entirely covered with fuscous hairs, except the naked pygidial plate; 
this opaque, tapering towards apex, longer than broad at base. All segments 
punctured; the punctures small and scattered at basal segments, become gradu- 
ally closer and larger towards apex. Ventral segments 2-5 with fringes of long, 
orange-yellow hairs; the hairs on second segment scattered, on fifth very close. 
Punctures on ventral segments closer at apical margins than at base. 


Wings.—Subhyaline, nervures dark brown, stigma same. First cubital 
cell longer than third; second pentagonal, narrowed above, scarcely half the 
surface of first and about 24 of third, with the first recurrent nervure a little 
behind its middle. Origin of cubital nervure and of first recurrent nervure 
equally distant from base of wing. Tegule almost black, microscopically 


punctured. 

Legs.—Clothed with long, fuscous hairs. Femora dark reddish brown. 
Tibiz almost black; tarsi ferrugineous. Tibial spurs reddish brown, those on 
posterior pair hooked at apex. Claws slender with an acute median tooth. 
No pulvilli. 

Male.—General appearance similar to female, but larger (14 mm.), on 
abdomen and legs less densely haired. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 11 


Head.—Clothed with long grayish white pubescence; no dark hairs on 
vertex. Punctures on clypeus much closer than in female. Labrum very large, 
closely punctured, its apical margin incrassate, smooth and shining, clothed with 
a few yellowish hairs. Antenne short; second joint of flagellum longer than 
third and fourth united; last joint a little compressed. 


Thorax.—Entirely covered with dirty white pubescence, even the sternum, 
only on scutellum the hairs are brownish. Propodeum with longer and denser 
hairs as in female, the basal area concealed under the long pubescence. 


Abdomen.—As in female, but the hairs on sides and apical margins much 
shorter, hence the fascia narrower and weaker, especially when seen from 
behind; fifth and sixth segments with orange-yellow fascia, and undefinited 
patches at sides basally formed by fuscous hairs; seventh segment with dense 
fuscous hairs. . 

Wings.—The origin of the cubital nervure a trifle nearer to base of wing 
than that of first recurrent nervure; this entering second cubital cell between 
middle and apex, closer to its middle. 


Legs.—Stouter than in female, less hairy, the hairs pale. Hind coxe very 
thick, almost without punctures, but clothed with fine, long, yellowish hairs. 
Claws with the median tooth longer than in female, almost reaching tip of 
claws. 

Argentina; Santa Fé. 

Female.—(Type) Dec. 30, 1910, on Opuntia monacantha Haw. 

Male.—(Genotype). Same locality, without other date. 

From Teleutemnesta s. Emphor fructifer (only the female is described by 
Holmberg) it differs by the mandibles not spotted with yellow; by the pubes- 
cence of thorax which is gray mixed with a few fuscous hairs in fructifer. The 
punctures on thorax of opuntie are neither very fine nor very close as in Holm- 
berg’s species. The scopa is fuscous in opuntie, fulvous in fructifer; the latter 
has the four basal segments of abdomen fringed with orange-yellow fasciz. 

The males described by Vachal as fructifer are perhaps another species 
as they are unusually small (10-11 mm.), while in the other known species the 
male is equal in size to female or even larger. From these so-called fructifer 
the new species differs by the tubercles being clothed with pale hairs as well as 
the anterior pair of legs and the femora of the remaining. All these are clothed 
with black hairs in Vachal’s specimens. 

E. tricolor (Friese) female has no transverse fascie of dark hairs on meso- 
notum and scutellum, but many gray hairs which replace sometimes all the 
black pubescence; the abdominal segments 2 and 3 have whitish fascia, and only 
the sides of third and fourth segments have yellowish fascia. Moreover, it is 
smaller (12 mm. long, 4 mm. late), against 13 and 4,5 mm. in opuntie. 

The male of E. tricolor is smaller and has yellowish hairs only at sides of 
abdominal segments 3 and 4. The description given by Friese is very incom- 
plete and not fit for comparison. 

E. bifax Vach., judging from the very short description, is quite another 
insect. 

Ptilothrix megasoma Bréthes seems to belong to Emphor too; it is a large 
bee (15 mm.) from Mendoza, and differs considerably from opuntie. 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NOTES ON SCUTELLEROIDEA FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND. 


BY DAYTON STONER, 
Iowa City, Iowa. 


During the latter part of the summer of 1913 the writer and Mrs. Stoner 
spent a few weeks at the Dominion Pacific Coast Biological Station, which is 
located on Departure Bay some three miles north of the city of Nanaimo on 
Vancouver Island. The principal object of the trip was to collect and in- 
vestigate the marine fauna of the region and, due to the kindness of Dr. C. M. 
Fraser, Director of the Station, this phase of our work was exceedingly profitable. 
During our stay a few short excursions were made for the purpose of collecting 
insects. Only general collecting was attempted, and as a result the number of 
Scutelleroidea taken was not large. 

Practically all the collecting was done within a radius of three miles of the 
Station, which is surrounded on the landward side by a dense growth of lofty 
coniferous trees. Here and there are more or less open places where the sun 
penetrates and where blue grass, timothy and clover grow to some extent. 
Further inland are pastures and open cultivated areas with an occasional marsh 
or lake. 

The purpose of this brief article is simply to make available definite locality 
records for the species taken. 

List OF SPECIES. 
Family SCUTELLERIDE. 
Homaemus aeneifrons (Say). 

Not a commen form in the region, less than a half dozen specimens having 
been taken on August 26 and September 4. 

Eurygaster alternatus (Say). 

This seemed to be the commonest scutellerid of the region, and it. was 
found on the high grass around the edges of pastures, August 25 and 26. 


Family PENTATOMID. 
Peribalus limbolarius (Stal). 

But two specimens of this form were taken on August 26 and September 1. 
Chlorochroa uhleri (Stal). 

One of the most abundant species of the region. Adults, and nymphs 
in third and fourth instars were taken between August 25 and September 12. 
Toward the middle of September these bugs often congregated in numbers upon 
the blossoms of spirzea (Spirea sp.), and on one occasion twelve individuals 
were photographed on a single blossom of this plant. 

Euschistus euschistoides (Voll.) 

Numerous examples were taken between August 28 and September 6 in 
pastures and from partly-cleared areas in the woods where a little blue grass and 
clover were making an attempt to gain a foothold. 

Euschistus conspersus (Uhler) 

A long series of specimens is at hand bearing inclusive dates from August 
24 to September 12. This form was common on the long grass in pastures 
where cattle were feeding and in the high grass around the borders of such fields. 
The species was also taken on Gabriola Island. This rocky island lies in the 


Strait of Georgia several miles south of Departure Bay; it is about ten miles in 
January, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 13 


length, very narrow, and a good deal of its area is covered by pine and eucalyptus 
trees. Not many insects were taken on the island. This pentatomid was also 
taken on Brandon Island, a very small rocky island in Departure Bay, and 
perhaps a hundred yards from the Station. Only a very limited amount of 
vegetation is supported by the soil, and at high tide the island is pretty well 
covered by water. The bugs probably do not breed upon these small, rocky 
islands, of which there are a great many in the region, but are probably blown 
out or fly out from the main land. 

Cosmopepla conspicillaris (Dall ) 

Several specimens of this spectes were usually taken on each collecting 
trip. They were found more commonly in semi-cultivated areas. All the 
specimens are uniformly marked so far as colour pattern is concerned, but the 
transverse band across the pronotum varies in intensity from pale yellowish 
white in some specimens to deep reddish orange in others. 

Eysarcoris intergressus (Uhler). 

But a single specimen of this species, a female taken September 1, is repre- 
sented in our material. This specimen is a little darker and has a more bronzed 
appearance than the other specimens in my collection, which are from Colorado 
and Washington. I believe that the species has not before been recorded from 
the latter State. 

Thyanta custator (Fabr.). 

This was the most abundant pentatomid of the region, and was taken on 
every collecting excursion between August 26 and September 12. Both pale 
yellowish and the typical greenish individuals are among the lot, but in none is 
the sanguineous band across the pronotum well marked, although it is evident 
in some of the pale forms. This bug was common in open places in the woods 
near the Station where a little clover and timothy were growing. Two speci- 
mens were also taken on Brandon Island September 1. 

Banasa dimidiata (Say). 

Seven specimens of this species were taken by us between September 1 
and 6. All have the general body colour, a reddish brown with the anterior 
half the pronotum yellowish green. In none of the examples is the second 
segment of the antenne more than one-half the length of the third. 
Elasmostethus cruciatus (Say). 

But one specimen of this species, a typically coloured female was taken on 
September 1. 

Podisus serieventris (Uhler). 

One adult female, taken September 1 and a nymph in the fourth instar 
constitute our only records for the species. The adult example is dark reddish 
in colour with the tips of the humeri and a spot on each hemelytron black. 





A CORRECTION. 

In my article entitled ‘‘Notes on Thysanoptera from British Columbia,”’ 
issued in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. LI, pages 181-190; on page 182 
line 28 Plate XVI, fig. 1 should read Plate XVI, fig. 2, and on page 184, line 24 
Plate XVI, fig. 2 should read Plate XVI, fig. 1. 

R. C. TREHERNE, 
Entomological Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture. 


14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NOTES ON ISCHYRUS QUADRIPUNCTATUS OLIV., BRED FROM 
FUNGUS. 


BY HARRY B. WEISS, 
New Brunswick, N.J. 


On July 10 at Union (near Elizabeth), N.J., several partly grown larve 
and adults of this species were taken while feeding on a species of Poria growing 
on an old elm stump. Most of the larve were feeding openly on the surface 
of the fungus, while others were partly buried in it. Some of the larve were 
caged together with a supply of food, and these continued to feed up until 
July 16, by which time all of the fungus had been eaten. They then burrowed 
into the old, decayed bark and constructed cells in which they pupated. By 
July 20 all had transformed into pupe, and on July 27 the first adult emerged, 
fully coloured. 


According to Stevens,! members of the fungus genus Poria may be recog- 
nized by the sporophore being entirely resupinate, often widely extended, the 
base leathery to punky and the pores small and rounded covering almost the 
entire surface. 


Full- grown Larva.—Length 9 mm. Width across mesothorax 2.5 mm. 
Elongate, subcylindrical, abdomen tapering slightly toward anal segment, 
segmentation distinct; antenne three- jointed, subcylindrical, second joint longest 
and bearing minute third joint, which is tipped with a hair; prothorax twice as 
;ong as mesothorax; meso- and metathorax subequal in length; abdominal 
segments subequal in length. Colour white except for head which is dark and 
the dark brown to black, subrectangular, transverse, chitinized areas on the 
dorsal surfaces of the thoracic and abdominal segments, giving the dorsal sur- 
face a transverse banded appearance. Median, V-shaped, white line on head 
with point of V touching anterior, prothoracic edge; median, white, dorsal line 
on thoracic and abdominal segments; on either side of the median, dorsal line 
on prothorax is a wider, somewhat curved, white line, which taken with median 
line divides the dark area into four parts, the lateral parts being subcircular; 
dark areas on dorsal surfaces of head, thorax and abdomen bear numerous 
white hairs with prominent, tuberculate, dark bases becoming largest on the 
last five or six abdominal segments; dorsal surface of last abdominal segment 
bears two prominent, spine like tubercles curved anteriorly, these tubercles 
bear smaller tubercles each tipped with a white hair; lateral surfaces of thoracic 
and abdominal segments bear several hairs with tuberculate bases; tubercles 
on lateral portion of head posterior to antenne are the largest; ventral surface 
and legs white and sparsely hairy; spiracles on secont] thoracic and abdominal 
segments one to eight. 


Pupa.—Length 8.5 mm. Width across thorax 3.2 mm. White, elongate- 
oval, rounded anteriorly, gradually tapering posteriorly; head, thorax and 
wing-cases, especially prothorax, covered with minute, reddish-brown tubercles 
each bearing a long, white, spine-like hair; transverse patches of similar tubercles 
on dorsal and ventral abdominal segments, more numerous on dorsal surface; 
lateral surface of each abdominal segment bears two groups of slightly longer 
tubercles each bearing a long hair; lateral spine-like hairs are longer than other 

1. Stevens, F. L., The Fungi Which Cause Plant Disease, 1913. 


January, 1920 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 15 


body hairs; anterior, median, dorsal surface of prothorax bears a pair of prominent 
tubercles, each tubercle bearing two reddish-brown, prominent, posteriorly 
directed, curved spines (giving an antler-like effect); posterior, median, dorsal 
surface of prothorax bears a pair of smaller tubercles each with two posteriorly 
directed spines, the anterior spines being strongly curved; mesothorax bears a 
pair of median tubercles each with a large, posteriorly directed spine and a 
smaller, perpendicular one anterior to it; metathorax bears pair of tubercles 
each with a posteriorly directed spine; bases of thoracic tubercles all bear smal- 
ler, reddish-brown tubercles, those on meso- and metathorax being arranged 
in a circle; median, dorsal portions of abdominal segments one to eight bear 
eight, large spines with tuberculate bases, arranged in a double row of four each, 
the anterior four usually being anteriorly directed and the posterior four being 
posteriorly directed; on last three abdominal segments these spines become 
closer together and appear to radiate somewhat; last abdominal segment bears 
a dorsal pair of prominent, anteriorly directed, curved, chitinous spines; all 
spines reddish brown; fewer tuberculate, spine-like hairs on ventral surface. 

Adult.—Ischyrus quadripunciatus. This was described by Olivier in 1808 
(Enc. Meth. Ins. VI, 437). Blatchley? states that it is frequent throughout 
Indiana, Jan. 21—Dec. 8, being gregarious in winter and hibernating beneath 
bark and logs, also it is often found at sap in early spring and on fungi in the 
summer. Smith? records it only from Caldwell and Westville in New Jersey, 
but it occurs in various other places in the state. Chagnon! lists it from Quebec, 
Canada. Beutenmuller in his “Bibliographical Catalogue of the Described 
Transformations of North American Coleoptera’’® gives the following single 
reference to the larva, ‘‘1855, Larva (Fig.) Chapuis et Candeze. Mem. Soc. 
sc. Liege VIII, 22 pl. 





NOTE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ATTEVA AUREA FITCH. 


BY FRANK M. GIBSON, PH. D., 
Baltimore, Md. 


This moth was first described by Asa Fitch in his Third Report on the 
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of New York, but he does not 
report its occurrence in that State, having prepared his description from a 
specimen sent him from Savannah, Georgia. Dyar gives its habitat as the 
Southern States; Holland as the southern portion of the region covered by his 
Moth Book, from the Gulf States southward and westward, into Mexico and 
lands still further south. 

. In July of the present year, I found in this city, feeding upon ailanthus, 
certain larve which were unknown to me. They pupated while suspended in a 
Joose, irregular net spun among the leaves, and emerged July 25-28. I sent 
one of these to Dr. Barnes, who kindly confirmed my identification of it, and 
stated that he had raised the moth at Decatur, IJinois, on ailanthus, and that 
Mr. Poling had bred it at Quincy in the same State. This would indicate a 
far wider distribution for it than that assigned by Holland and Dyar. 


2. Blatchley, W.S., Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 546. 

3. Smith, J. B., Insects of N. J. (N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909). 
4. Chagnon, G., Coleoptera of Quebec. 

5. Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc., Vol. VII, No. 1, 1891. 


January, 1920 


16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


THE ENOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, ANNUAL MEETING. 


The Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America 
was held at St. Louis, Mo., on December 29 and 30, 1919. The chair was 
occupied by the President, Professor J. G. Needham, and there was a goodly 
attendance of members present. 

The following is a list of the papers read at the meeting :— 


TROPISMS IN INSECT BEHAVIOUR—AN ENoquiRyY. C. H. Turner. 

THE Foop PLANTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN CALENDRA SPECIES. A. F. 
Satterthwaite 

THE BIOLOGY OF THE CARABID GENERA BRACHYNUS, GALERITA AND CHLAENIUS. 
dees King. 

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE HATCHING OF THE EGGS 
oF APHIS PRUNIFOLIA, FitcH. Alvah Peterson. 

INSECTS OF THE BETWEEN-TIDE ZONE OF THE NORTH CAROLINA Coast. Z. P. 
Metcalf and Herbert Osborn. 

OBSERVATIONS ON CANADIAN TICKS. Seymour Hadwen. 

NOTES ON THE MOUTH-PARTS OF ARADIDA. C. S. Spooner. 

THE GENITALIA OF THE SYRPHIDA. C. L. Metcalf. 

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITALIA OF LACHNOSTERNA. Wm. P. Hays and J. 
W. McCulloch. 

NOTES ON THE LEAFHOPPERS OF THE SUBFAMILY GYPONIN&. E. D. Ball. 

THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL LARV&, PuPa AND ADULT BEETLES BY GAS 
SECRETED BY THE CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (7 ibolium confusum). R.N. 
Chapman. 

SERUM DIAGNOSIS AND INSECT RELATIONSHIP. Robt. D. Glasgow and Josephine 
Burns Glasgow. 

THE SyrPHID FLy (Mesogramma marginatum) CAUGHT By FLOWERS OF THE 
DOGBANE. R. C. Osburn. 


A special feature of the meeting was a symposium on “The Life Cycle of 
Insects,” which aimed to give a ‘‘bird’s-eye view”’ of the entire subject. The 
scope attempted was as follows: 1. Facts as to form changes, broods, length 
of life, moults. 2. Significance of facts in relation to nature of environment, 
reproductive capacity, rate and times of growth, habits, etc. Briefest possible 
statement of what each group best illustrates in relation to the life cycle. 

The subject was presented by groups as follows:—Apterygote Insects, 
J. W. Folsom; Orthopteroids (sens. lat.), E. M. Walker; Hemiptera, (excl *4), 
E. D. Ball; Aphids and Coccids, Miss Edith M. Patch; Neuropteroids having 
complete metamorphosis, and Lepidoptera, S. L. Fracker; Coleoptera, (includ- 
ing Strepsiptera), R. N. Chapman; Diptera, C. L. Metcalf; Hymenoptera, 
T. D. A. Cockerell. Concluding remarks on the general subject were made by 
Prof. S. A. Forbes. 

The Annual Address was delivered on Tuesday evening by Dr. W. J. Hol- 
land, Director of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. His subject was ‘‘ The 
Evolution of Entomological Science in North America.”’ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 17 


VARIATIONS OF BUPRESTIS VIRIDISUTURALIS, NICOLAY & WEISS. 


BY RICHARD T. GARNETT, 
Oakland, California. 


In my collection, although there are but two perfect specimens of this 
species, I have the elytra of twenty-nine other specimens. This is a large 
enough series, I should judge, to give the general trend of markings in this very 
variable species. 

In the plate given by Nicolay and Weiss of this species the male is represented 
with a thin sutural marking and about two-thirds the distance from the anterior 
edge a triangular dark marking on the disc extending from the suture as a base. 
Of the five male elytra that I have, one is like their figure. The other four have 
only an extremely thin sutural marking with a small humeral spot in one (Fig. 
8). 

Of the twenty-six female elytra there is but one that I have that approaches 
exactitude with that of the plate given by Nicolay and Weiss. I have them 


(104 
1 


Fig. 5. 1.—Elytron of B. gibbsii Lec.: 2, 3. 4, 5, 7, 9. 10.—Elytra of 
B. viridisuturalis Nicolay & Weiss. (Female); 6.—Composite 


elytron of variations of B. viridisuluralis N. & W.; r : : 7 Sea St ad 3 
8.—Elytron of B. viridisuturalis N. & W. (Male). form and a moistening box to 


bring back the natural colour 


varying from the nearly all 


4 5 yellow elytra (Fig. 2) to the 
half dark colouring of (Fig. 
10). Figures 4 and 5 show 
how the sutural markings are 
connected or tend to become 
connected (Fg. 4) with the 
lateral markings. Figure 4 
also shows the maximum 
9 IO number of spots present on 
any one set of elytra in my 
series. 
One thing that I exam. 


ined especially was the colour; 
and, as my series for the most 





part had died some time be- 
fore collection, I used chioro- 


in case the colour present was not the natural one. This failed, however, to 
bring any results, and as far as I can see the colour of the majority of my 
viridisuturalis, that is, of the dark markings along the suture, is identical with 
that of the dark markings of B. gibbsii Lec., a metallic greenish purple. 

Going a little further I took a composite of all the markings found in my 
series (Fig. 6) to compare it with the markings found in my specimens of B. 
gibbsii (Fig. 1). There are some points of similarity, as can be seen in the 
humeral lunule and the almost completely divided median spot. Perhaps some 
day a specimen will be found with similar markings, for if various specimens 
may have such varied markings it is reasonable to believe that some specimens 
may have a combination of these markings. 

Thus I believe it may be safely stated that while B. viridisuturalis is cer- 
tainly a distinct species it may simulate in markings B. gibbsii somewhat, and 


January, 1920 


18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


also in the colouring, with the exception that there is never orange on the elytra 
of B. viridisuturalis as far as I have observed them. The females of B. viri- 
disuturalis are also usually 1 or 2 mm. longer than B. gibbsit. 

My B. gibbsii were taken in Trinity Co., Calif., breeding in oak, (a fallen 
log), while my specimens of the other were taken from dead wood of a live 
standing cottonwood at Oro Grande, San Bernardino Co., Calif. Guibbsii I 
believe breeds only in oak (vide Leach & Van Dyke), while Van Dyke says that 
so far as he knows, B. viridisuturalis is confined to the cottonwoods. 





NOTES'ON MYCOTRETUS PULCHRA; SAY AND ITS FUNGOUS'HOST. 


BY HARRY B. WEISS, 
New Brunswick, N.]J. 


This member of the family Erotylide was found breeding in Polyporus 
chioneus at Monmouth Junction, N.J., on September 8. At this time larve, 
pup and several adults were present, with the larvae most plentifui. The 
infested fungus was moved to the laboratory and kept moist by being placed 
close to a wet sponge. The larve continued to feed in the context of the fungus 
until they were full grown, when they then entered the pores of the sponge and 
pupated, the sponge being rather dry at that time. From this it appears likely 
that pupation in the field takes place in the wood to which the fungus is at- 
tached. Under laboratory conditions the pupal stage required from ten to 
twelve days during the Jast half of September. The appearance of the adults 
this late in the season indicates that hibernation takes place in this stage. 

Polyporus chioneus Fries' has a soft and watery pileus when fresh, and 
occurs on the dead wood of deciduous and coniferous trees. Numerous speci- 
mens of other fungi were examined during the past year, but Mycotretus pulchra 
Say was found associated only with chioneus. However, it is extreme’y probable 
that other watery forms such as P. borealis, P. albellus, etc., are attacked. 

Full- grown Larva.—Length 6.2 mm. Width 1.5 mm. Whitish, head often 
slightly browned: subcylindrical, prothorax twice as long as mesothorax; meso- 
thorax and remaining body segments except last two are subequal in Jength; 
last two segments shorter; head, prothorax, and last two abdominal segments 
narrower than remaining segments which are subequal in width (some larve 
have expanded grub like abdomens); body and legs sparsely hairy, hairs short; 
abdominal spiracles project slightly from the body appearing as minute, some- 
what blunt spines. 

Pupa.—Length 4.4 mm. Width across wing-cases 1.9 mm. Whitish, 
suboval, rounded anteriorly, tapering to a point posteriorly; head, prothorax 
and wing-cases thickly clothed with spines each bearing a long hair; fewer 
spines on leg-cases and ventral abdominal segments; anterior edge of prothorax 
bears a pair of median irregularly shaped knob-like tubercles each bearing 
several spines; smaller, somewhat similar median pairs of tubercles on posterior 
edges of pro-, meso- and metathorax; each abdominal segment bears a transverse 
dorsal row of spines with a rosette-like group of five or six at the lateral edge, 
these rows continued on the ventral surface but with fewer spines; body ter- 
minated dorsally by two comparatively long, curved spines and ventrally by 


1. Identified by Mr. Erdman West. 
January, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 19 


two lateral, rosette-Jike groups of spines; abdominal spines directed posteriorly ; 
all spines bearing Jong hairs; entire dorsal surface bears smaller spines inter- 
mixed with those mentioned above. 

Adult.—Mvycotretus pulchra. This was described by Say in 1826 (Jour. 
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V, 301; ibid. II, 345) under the generic name Tritoma. 
It is about 3 to 3.5 mm., long, ovate, with the head, thorax and scutellum black, 
the elytra red with the apical third obliquely black, the black extending forward 
on the sides almost to the humeri. The head and thorax are finely and sparsely 
punctured, the punctures of elytral stria are fine, the intervals finely punctate. 

Smith? records it from Hudson County and Woodside, N.J., with the state- 
ment that it was once common. Blatchley* states that it is frequent in Marion, 
Vigo, Knox and Posey Counties, Indiana, April 9-June 19, and in Chagnon’s 
Coleoptera of Quebec? it is listed from Rouville Co., June, Montreal Isl., June 
and Laval Co., August. 





A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF APHID FROM JAPAN. (HEM.) 


BY RYOICHI TAKAHASHI, 
Forest Experiment Station, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. 


This interesting aphid, which is found in the leaves of Podocarpus macro- 
phylla, is rather inactive in habit. Both winged and wingless forms appear in 
May and later, in the second and subsequent generations. The sexupare are 
wingless, but most interesting is the fact that the oviparous female, as well as 
the male, is winged, these forms appearing during the month of September. 
As is common for species belonging to the Siphonophorina, wingless viviparous 
females may give birth to both winged and wingless progeny, but winged females 
produce only wingless forms. 

Neophyllaphis, new genus. 

This genus is closely related to Phyllaphis Koch, but differs from it a$ 
follows: 

1. Sensoria on the third segment very peculiar in shape, being trans- 
versely narrow. 

2. Body of the wingless form covered with white secretions which are not 
thready. 

3. The oviparous female is winged. 

Winged female.—Body rather narrow and without hairs. Frontal tubercles 
absent. Antenne nearly as long as body, six-segmented, spur of last segment 
very small, sensoria on third segment transversely narrow (ring-like in the ovi- 
parous female). Ocelli prominent. Abdomen without tubercles. Wings 
hyaline, the third oblique twice branched. Cornicles very smal! and much 
wider than long. Cauda not globular, but is constricted at base and slightly 
so at middle. Anal plate slightly sinuate. Empodial hairs absent. 

Wingless female.—Similar to the winged female. Body with a white 
pulverulence. Eyes very small. Third antennal segment without sensoria. 

Type.—Neophyllaphis podocarpi, n. sp. 


2. Insects of New Jersey (N. J. St. Mus. Rept. 1909). 

5. Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 546. 

4. Prelim. List Ins. Prov. Quebec, Coleop. (1917, Suppl. Rept. Quebec Soc. Protec. 
Plants. ) 

January, 1920 








20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Neophyllaphis podocarpi, n. sp. 
Winged viviparous females.—Body rather narrow and without hairs. 
Frontal tubercles inconspicuous. Beak slender and reaching beyond the hind 
coxe. Eyes large, ocelli prominent. Antenne slender, without hairs, two 
a basal segments very short, the third nearly 
as ‘long as the fourth and fifth combined 
and bearing about 60 small, transversely 
narrowed sensoria scattered over the entire 





. Oo Iv VII length, the fourth slightly shorter than 
the fifth and without sensoria, sensoria at 
the distal end of the fifth segment small 

By oe and circular, the sixth as long as the 


fourth with a small, round sensorium near 
the apex, spur of last segment very short. 
Wings not narrow, the third oblique vein 
twice branched. Abdomen without tuber- 
cles. Cornicles very small, much broader 
x than long and broadest at base. Cauda 
VI large, rounded at apex, constricted at base 

and lightly so at middle. Anal plate 
Pre iGH|) eae HUMee nes taeda sre lena ad ane sinuate. Legs moderately long, slender, 


ingles vi s female; II-III, an- Ae nate ibe ty a) =, 
Hoenn eee Mp aoustemales IV, antenna ch... eG with @ tew short, dimetarns ¢ Eapaueal 


immature form; V, lateral view of cauda of vivi- hairs absent 


parous female; VI, cornicle of viviparous female; ; 
Colour dark reddish purple, eyes 


VII, wing of viviparous female. 
brownish red, and legs pale brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. 


WON nN 


2@ 





Length of body 1.3 mm.; of antenna 1.1 mm.; of fore wing 1.7 mm. 





Wingless viviparous female.—Body narrow, being broadest at middle, 
slightly pulverulent, and hairs absent. Frontal tubercles absent. Eyes very 
small. Beak slender and reaching beyond hind coxe. Antenna not reaching 
to tip of body, slender, and without hairs, third segment longer than the fourth 
and fifth combined, the fourth shorter than fifth, and the fifth subequal in length 
to the sixth, spur very short, sensoria absent excepting a single round one near 
apex of the fifth segment. Body without tubercles. Cornicles, cauda and 
legs as in the winged female. 

Colour dark reddish purple, eyes black, antenne and legs pale brown, 
cornicles black and cauda pale black. 


Length of body 1.5 mm.; of antenna 0.9 mm. 





Winged male.—Third antennal segment bearing numerous transverse 
sensoria which are irregularly scattered over the entire segment; fourth, fifth 
and sixth segments with fewer similar sensoria. 

Winged oviparous female.—Third antennal segment with numerous long, 
encircling transverse sensoria regularly placed; none on remaining segments 
except the usual distal ones on the fifth and sixth segments. Hind tibia swollen 
and bearing numbers of sensoria on basal half. 

Type Locality.—Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. 

As in Neophyllaphis podocarpi the oviparous females of Greenidea kuwane 
Perg., Trichosiphum tenuicorpus Okag., and Cervaphis quercus Tak., are winged. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 21 


ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF 
ONTARIO. 


The fifty-sixth annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario 
was held at Ottawa on November the sixth and seventh. The attendance 
was good and very representative of the national character of the Society, 
members being present from Nova Scotia. New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, 
Manitoba and British Columbia. In addition to the Canadian members there 
were two welcome visitors from the United States: Mr. C. L. Marlatt,  Assistant- 
Chief of the Bureau of Entomology, Washington D. C. and Dr. Summers of 
Massachussets. 

The programme, as the list of subjects given below will show, was not only a 
full one but covered a wide range of Entomology. Most of the papers were of 
an economic nature, but several—and these not the least interesting, 
eschewed the economic aspect altogether and gave instead the results of the 
observations and studies of the insect lover and naturalist. 


The papers which aroused the most discussion were ‘‘The Chief Factors 
in Natural Control” by J. D. Tothill and ‘‘My Experience in Dusting and Spray- 
ing’’ by Father Leopold. It was very interesting to observe the difference of 
opinion as to the importance of such control factors as weather or climate, 
and scarcity of food supply. There was also a decided difference of opinion as 
to the best spray mixtures for apple orchards between the Nova Scotia men on 
the one hand and the Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia men on the other 
hand. The Nova Scotia Entomologists claimed that under certain weather 
conditions lime-sulphur applications caused a very noticeable drop of apples 
which lessened the size and value of their crop; the Entomologists of the other 
provinces claimed that in their respective provinces there was no evidence of this 
drop or of any lessening of the crop. Father Leopold’s experience was in 
accordance with the latter view. ; 

The symposium on the Cabbage Maggot was interesting and. not only 
corroborated last year’s evidence of the value of corrosive sublimate as a remedy 
for this pest, but also brought out several new and possibly equally gcod remedies. 
The results of further experiments with these next year will therefore be looked 
forward to with interest. 

The popular evening lecture by C. L. Marlatt on ‘‘How the United States 
is preventing the Introduction of Foreign Insect Pests and Plant Diseases’’ was 
highly appreciated and felt to be of special value to Canadian Entcmologists 
as was pointed out by the President of the Society when proposing a vote of 
thanks. 

On the evening of the seventh the members and guests were entertained 
by the Ottawa Naturalists’ Club at a smoker in the rooms of the University 
Club. , 

The officers for next year are:—President, Mr. Arthur Gibson; Vice- Prest- 
dent, Mr. F. J. A. Morris; Secretary. Treasurer, Mr. A. W. Baker; Curator, 
Mr. G. J. Spencer; Librarian, Dr. C. J. S. Bethune; Editor, Prof. E. M. Walker. 
The list of papers read was as follows:— 


1. Insects of the Season in Ontario—W. A. Ross and L. Caesar. 
2. Insect Conditions in the Province of British Columbia—R. C. Treherne. 


22, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


3. Results of some Preliminary Experiments with Chloropicrin—G. J. 
Spencer. 

4. Ephydra hians and its Occurrence in Western Canada—Dr. C. 
Gordon Hewitt. 

5. Our Common Cercopidae—George A. Moore. 

6. Further Notes on the Control of the Pear Psylla—W. A. Ross and 
W. Robinson. 

7. My Experience this year in Dusting and Spraying—Rev. Father 
Leopoid. 

8. The Chief Factors in the Natural Control] of Insects—-J. D. Tothill. 

9. The Present Condition of the Balsam and Spruce Injury in Quebec— 
J. M. Swaine. 

10. Recent Observations on Eastern Ticks.—S. Hadwen. 

11. How The United States is Preventing the Introduction of Foreign 
Insect Pests and Plant Diseases—C. L. Marlatt. 

12. Hopkins Bioclimatic Law—W. Lochhead. 

13. On the Wings of the Wind—A. F. Winn. 
Locusts in Manitoba with Special Reference to the Outbreak in 1919— 
Norman Criddle. 

15. Ecological Notes on Certain Species of Locusts prevalent in British 
Columbia—E. R. Buckell. 

16. Symposium on the Cabbage Root Maggot and its Control in 1919. 
—W. H. Brittain, R. C. Treherne, Arthur Gibson and L. Caesar. 

18. Present Status of Pests of Canadian Flour Mills—E. H. Strickland. 





17. Life-History of a Hobby. Horse—Part II: Boy and Man—F. J. A. 
Morris. 

18. Some Notes on the Life,History of our Common June Beetles—H.F. 
Hudson. 


19. Further Notes on the Life-History and Control of the Strawberry 
Root Weevil—W. Downes. 

20. The Strawberry Weevil—W. A. Ross. 

21. Borers in Corn and other Field and Garden Plants which have been or 
may be mistaken for the European Corn Borer—Arthur Gibson. 


Line 





RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. 
(Continued from Vol. LI, p. 282.) 
ANNOTATED CHECK-,LIST OF THE MACROLEPIDOPTERA OF ALBERTA.—By Kenneth 


Bowman. Published by the Alberta Natural History Society. Red Deer, 
Alberta, 1919. 


In this list the author has endeavoured to present in a concise form all the 
available data on the distribution of the Macrolepidoptera within the Province 
of Alberta. The work has an attractive appearance, being printed in clear 
type on a good quality of paper. The generic names, printed in bold-faced 
type, and followed by the specific names arranged in a column, each name 
preceded by its number in Barnes and McDunnough’s check-list. Two columns 
follow, giving seasonal and geographical distribution respectively, the former 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 23 
by numerals indicating months, the latter by abbreviations of locality names, 
in most cases single capital letters. Two of such treble columns occupy each 
page, and although a considerable amount of information is thus presented 
there is no appearance of crowding. Eight hundred and twenty species are 
listed, and it will be remembered that the ‘‘micros’’ are not included. 

A comparison of this list with Winn’s Quebec list brings out some interesting 
facts. The butterflies of Alberta (116 species) outnumber those of Quebec 
(84 species) by more than one-fourth of their number, while in all the other 
groups the Quebec list leads. There are more than twice as many Sphingide 
in Quebec than in Alberta (33:15), five times as many Saturnioidea (10:2), and 
six times as many Sesiida (12:2), while the differences in the Arctiidae (includ- 
ing Lithosiidae and Nolide—37:34), Noctuidae (488:428) and Geometride 
(193:167) are relatively slight. 





DIRECTIONS FOR COLLECTING AND PRESERVING INSECTs.—By J. H. McDun- 
nough. Circular No. 12, Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, 
Ottawa. 


This circular gives brief directions for the ordinary methods of collecting 
and preserving insects and will be found useful, particularly to the novice. A 
description of the collecting outfit is followed by instructions for collecting 
the various orders of insects, preserving, mounting and shipping entomological 
specimens, and for their arrangement in the collection. 





FROM THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE: 


The Pear Psylla.—By W. A. Ross. Vol. 5, No. 12, Dec., 1918. A brief 
account of the injuries caused by this pest, its life-history, natural and artificial 
control. It is illustrated by a plate on which the various stages and work of 
the insect are shown. 


The History of the Codling Moth in British Columbia.—By R. C. Treherne. 
Vole, No. 1, Jan.; 1919. 


Since 1905 at least 12, probably 13, distinct outbreaks of the codling moth 
have occurred in British Columbia at widely separated points, a marked in- 
crease in their numbers having taken place since 1912, coincident with a noted 
rise in the fruit yielding capacity of the orchards of this Province. Vigorous 
action has been taken by the Provincial authorities to eradicate these out- 
breaks, the Dominion Entomological Branch acting in an advisory capacity 
during the past three years. At the close of 1918 codling moths are believed to 
exist in small numbers in the vicinity of Vernon, Okanagan Landing and Victoria, 
but have been nearly or quite exterminated from the other localities where out- 
breaks have occurred. 


The operations undertaken wherever outbreaks are reported are described, 
including the procedure followed in the disposal of fruit in infested areas. 


The Rose Midge in Ontario By Wm. A. Ross. Vol. 6, No. 2, Feb., 1919. 
A brief account of this pest, which has been known in Ontario only since 
1914. Its life-history, the nature of its injuries, the varieties of roses attacked 
and methods for its control and prevention are described 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


The Balsam Injury in Quebec and its Control.—By J. M. Swaine. Vol. 6, 
No. 3, March, 1919. 

This paper describes a serious condition of the Balsam Fir in the Province 
of Quebec, originating in an outbreak of the Spruce Budworm a few years ago, 
as a result of which the trees were killed over hundreds of square miles, and those 
not killed outright have subsequently fallen victims to other insect and fungus 
enemies. These are the Ground Rot (Polyporus schweinitzit), the Sap Rot, 
the Eastern Balsam Bark-beetle and the Eastern Balsam Weevil. The future 
of the balsam in the affected regions is not considered to be bright. Suggestions 
for improving the situation are dealt with under three headings: (1) Utilize 
the threatened balsam; (2) Burn the slash, and (3) Increase the percentage 
of spruce in the stand. 

The Poplar Borer. — By R. N. Chrystal. Vol. 6, No. 4, April, 1919. 
This paper is the outcome of observations by the author on a case of serious 
damage to cottonwood on a ranch near Cowley, Alberta. It contains an his- 
torical account of the depredator (Saperda calcarata), descriptions of the larva 
and adult, and of their life-history and work. Remedial measures are sug- 
gested for dealing with outbreaks of the beetle on a large scale and for treat: 
ing individual trees. 

The Greenhouse Leaf-tyer (Phlyctenia ferrugalis Hbn.).—By Arthur Gibson. 
Vol. 6, No. 7, July, 1919. This is another European insect, known in Canada 
since 1899, and now widely distributed in the East. The caterpillars attack a 
wide range of greenhouse plants, particularly soft-leaved species. The life- 
history, injuries, enemies and methods of control are described. 

An Infesiavion of Apple Sucker, Psyllia malis, Schmidb.,in Nova Scotia—.By 
WOH, Brittain. Vol 6,:No.7, 1919: 

This is a new and very undesirable immigrant from Europe, which appeared 
in a severe outbreak at Wolfville, N.S. Full descriptions and figures cf the 
adult and fifth nymphal instar are given. The injury is similar to that of the 
Pear Psylla, the really serious damage being caused by the nymphs only. At 
the season of its discovery the outbreak was too advanced to permit of saving 
the crop, but preliminary tests with a liquid spray (nicotine sulphate, one pint 
to 100 gallons of water, applied as a heavy drenching spray by means of a 
“Friend” gun) gave excellent results. Other tests were made with various 
contact dusts, but were less effective. 

FROM THE OTTAWA NATURALIST :— 

The Genus Vespa in Canada. Key to the species. By F. W. L. Sladen. 
Vol. XXXII, No. 4, Oct. 1918, pp. 71-72. Four new species are accorded, 
V. norvegicoides, albida, acadica and atropilosa 

Insect Galls and Gall Insects. By E. P. Felt, Albany, N.Y. Vol. XXXII. 
No. 7, Jan., 1919, pp. 127-131. A popular account of this subject, describing 
some of the structural and adaptive features of insect galls, the relations 
between gall insects and their plant hosts, the alternation of generations in the 
Cynipids and gall aphids, the apparent mimicry of some galls, occurrence of 
inquilines, etc. It is illustrated by two plates, showing characteristic forms of 
insect galls. E.M.W. 

(To be continued.) 


Mailed January 27th, 1920 





Che Canadian Cutomalogist 


Vou Lil. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1920. No. 2 











POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


A DAy’s BEATING. 
BY C. A. FROST, 


Framingham, Mass. 


The rosy dawn of this early June morning has been followed by dull gray, 
clouds which, slowly massing across the sky, presage rain for the afternoon. 
A good day for the beating umbrella both for catching beetles and for shelter 
on the way home. 

My preparations for a day in the woods are generally made the evening 
before, or I am sure to forget something in the hurried morning start. A large, 
wide-mouthed bottle for the bulk of the catch and several small vials for the 
minute things or paired specimens that should be kept separate, filled with 
alcohol (denatured is just as good for the purpose), are deposited in pockets 
convenient for instant use. A small cyanide bottle for specimens whose colour 
will not stand alcohol, and a large cyanide jar for Lepidoptera or other insects 
interesting to brother collectors, are placed in side pockets or in the corduroy 
bag that is slung over my shoulder. This bag contains: a large knife, a trowel, 
a drinking cup, a fine wire strainer of five inches diameter for dipping up water 
beetles, an old pair of gloves to protect the fingers when much collecting is done 
under stones, two or three tin boxes to which I transfer Lepidoptera and Hymen- 
optera as soon as they are dead (to prevent rubbing), a white cloth with loops 
at each corner to hold two diagonally crossed sticks which will keep the cloth 
spread so that it can be used in place of the umbrella if that instrument collapses 
(as often happens) at the most interesting point of the capture. I also have a 
net that fits into the bag, made of brass wire leaded into a brass union, which in 
turn is screwed into a brass increaser; into the larger end of this a stick can 
be screwed and fastened by a tack through a hole drilled in the rim of the in- 
creaser. Nets of several sizes or kinds can be carried along, and at once inter- 
changed by merely screwing them into the increaser. Last but not least I 
make sure that my forceps are in the sheath that is pinned on the inside of 
my coat at the most convenient height for hurried seizing. 

Thus equipped I hasten down the side streets to the railroad tracks that 
lead to Sherborn town. Half a mile brings me to an interesting swamp beside 
the track and, although within a stone’s throw of a busy foundry, I am seldom 
able to get past it without investigating its possibilities. In this swamp all the 
wood has now been cut off but a few old willows, and the dead and dying bushes 
and young trees often yield some very good things. It is here that I take 
Pogonocherus salicicola Casey, and the species was determined for me by its 
describer from specimens that emerged from dead twigs collected from these 
willows. 

Splashing through the ankle-deep brown water I cannot resist an attempt 
25 


26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


to get something from the bunches of live willow sprouts that have escaped 
the grass fires. The attempt always brings a multitude of Crepidodera helxines 
L., or a shower of brown-tail moth caterpillars into the umbrella, and to-day 
is not the exception. I have occasionally found a few Rhynchites cyanellus Lec. 
among the usual vermin. 

My beating stick is any handy dead limb of suitable length, and it can 
easily be replaced. The blows on the scraggly old dead willows shower down 
bits of bark and moss with an occasional Allandrus bifasciatus Lec., Acoptus 
suturalis Lec., or Chramesus icorie Lec. From the smaller trees I get a score of 
Laemophlaeus adusius Lec. and convexulus Lec., an occasional biguttaius Say or 
fasciatus Mel., Psenocerus supernotatus Say, Orchesia castanea Melsh., and still 
more rarely Pogonocherus salicicola, Lepturges querci Fitch and facetus Say. 
Across the track the alders and fire-killed bushes yield numbers of Laemophlaeus 
and Molamba which are barely discernible as minute dots crawling on the dark 
umbrella. Some of the Cerambycids remain perfectly still on the cloth, and 
are occasionally picked from the very edge where the least motion would tumble 
them to safety. ‘ 

New fields lure me on down the track half a mile more to the woods and 
meadows, but I must always stop to take a whack at the clump of poison sumac 
growing by the fence onthe edge of the swamp that stretches away to the brook 
beyond the higher ground. It yields as usual only Psenocerus superno:acus, 
and the chokecherry and red maple are even less productive, although I have 
taken some good things from the sprouts of the latter, notably Purpuricenus 
humeralis Fab., Limonius aurifer Lec. (in Maine), and Corymbites nigricornis 
Panz. (typical niitdulus Lec.) once in numbers. 

Near the track fire has killed all the large trees of the high ground, and 
it has grown up with bunches of blueberry, amelanchier and sweet fern. The 
former yields nothing at all generally, but the amelanchier I have now visited 
at the most favourable time, and when I have finished with them I have several 
specimens of the rare Agrilus vittaticollis Rand. and a set of Saperda candida 
Fab. The latter I have never taken otherwise,except once only, when I suddenly 
saw one balanced on the tip of a dead sprout almost between my legs. 

Travelling cast again down a wood-road, I visit a few white pines that 
have escaped the fires. The lower branches of these I am able to reach with 
a long limb, and almost the first blow brings down a beautiful green beetle, 
Chrysobothris harrisi Hentz, a very welcome find. I attack the trees with 
renewed vigour when a sharp sting in the vicinity of my collar bone causes me 
to suspend operations with visions of a ferocious, white-faced hornet probing 
about my jugular vein. Hastily throwing off my coat and bag I frantically 
try to dislodge the intruder by tearing open my shirt and getting head down 
over the umbrella, for entomological curiosity compels me to search out the 
identity of the insect that has violated the sanctity of my person. At intervals 
during these manoeuvres, when the clothing binds the insect, it deliberately, 
but with unexpected moderation, punctures my skin, selecting five different 
places before it is released and falls to the umbrella; it is a yellow hymenopter 
whose identity is unknown to me. After arraigning the intruder in appropri- 
ate,if not ethical,language the search for C. harrisi is continued with one more 
specimen as a reward. In Maine Corymbiies medianus Germ., and propola 


bo 
~J 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Lec., and Harmonia picta Rand. are common fruit of the white pine, but not 
here. I have taken Rhinomacer elongatus Lec. in numbers and Dinoderus 
subsiriatus Payk. sparingly by beating cut pine tops when the needles were 
dead enough to fall. 


_ From these trees I wander through the red maple saplings, speckled alder 
and blueberry bushes to the edge of the meadow with its gently-waving grasses 
and tangled cranberry vines. I recline at ease on the soft grass on the bank 
of a slowly flowing brook, and watch the crows silently flying to and from their 
nests that I know are hidden in the woods beyond. Dineutes and Gyrinus are 
whirling and spinning on the water at my feet. The tiger beetles, C. repanda 
Dej., are hunting on the patches of white sand of the further bank. To the 
right is a grove of waving pines, the green of their needles contrasting pleasingly 
with the darkness of their trunks; in front of me are tall chestnuts and oaks; 
to the left of the green meadow is traversed by the brook that disappears in a 
sudden bend behind the oaks and chestnuts. Many happy hours have I spent 
beside this brook, and again I recall the day I swept Lepiura deleta Lec. from 
the Spiraea blossoms almost within the shade of the murmuring pines; the time 
I almost got Leptura subhamata Rand. on the same flower, and the plant which 
bore it is now within my sight. How I pawed around in the dead grass on 
hands and knees on the soggy meadow bottom for a full hour after the elusive 
specimen, and with what regrets I finally gave up the quest.. And so each 
spot recalls some entomological event that is again enacted as I dream beside 
the winding stream. A spotted turtle goes pawing his course down along the 
bottom of the brook and reminds me that I must be on the move, for it is nearing 
noon, and although the rain still holds off it will not spare me much longer. 


I must try the grove of young pines half a mile further on for I have found 
that pines and other evergreens along the edges of a wood are the hiding places 
of many beetles in cloudy weather, and even in sunny weather after 4 p.m. or 
before 10 a.m. I have also had wonderful luck sweeping Alnus incana bushes 
in Maine at sunset, taking many rare things in numbers, such as Elater sanguini- 
pennis Say, and semicinctus Rand., Cardiophorus convexulus Lec., Melanotus 
leonardi Lec., Corymbites hamatus Say, Lyctus striatus Melsh., and opaculus 
Lec., Saperda obliqua Say, and lateralis Fab., Oberea pallida Casey, Agrilus 
pensus Horn and many other lesser lights. By beating Alnus sprouts when the 
sun was shining in the afternoon I once took many Dicerca caudata Lec., Eupri- 
stocerus cogitans Web., and Oberea pallida in Maine. In Massachusetts I have 
had no such good luck with Alnus, and can only record Anomala lucicola Fab. 
Harmonia similis Rand. and Adalia frigida Schn., all of which are rather un- 
common in this locality. 


Down the brook, ignoring the fine sweeping grounds on either side, I hasten 
on towards the rocky hill fringed with scattered pitch pines and topped with 
small oaks, hickories and well-browsed hazel bushes. On the south slope is an 
open grove of young white pines that should well repay a visit. The first tree 
gives me a regular shower of Dichelonycha albicollis Burm. and Glyptoscelis 
pubescens Fab., both of which are well-known products. A thorough canvass of 
the trees yields nothing else, but a barberry bush in flower drops an Flater 
collaris Say into my umbrella to lighten the disappointment. 


28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 

I try the hickories, which on sunny days may have some Anihaxia quercata — 
Fab. (and later, in July, Dicerca lurida Fab.), Saperda lateralis Fab. or Tymnes 
‘ricolor Fab., but nothing appears except Sinoxylon bidentatum Horn from the 
dead twigs. The hazel bushes are also non-productive to-day except for Chlamys 
plicata Fab., which can be swept by dozens from sweet fern at times, and a few 
Attelabus rhois Boh. If the sun were shining I should expect A grilus otiosus Say 
in numbers, arcuatus Say (variety coryli) and politus Say, which so resemble 
each other in colour as to be indistinguishable without a lens, Calligrapha rhoda 
Knab, and possibly a few Agrilus defectus Lec. and cephalicus Lec. 

The pitch pine (Pinus rigida) gives up a few Melanoius, one Corymbites 
triundulaitus Rand. and one Harmonia picta Rand., which are both rare here. 
At sunset I have had fine success with a few of these trees at the top of a small 
hill, taking Chrysobethris floricola Gory, Enoclerus nigrifrons Say, Ernobitus 
luteipennis Lec., Pogonocherus mixius Hald., Eupogonius tomentosus Hald., 
Corymbites splendens Ziegl., and propola Lec. At another time I found the 
twigs swarming with Anomala oblivia Horn. 

The scattered cedars (savins) of the pasture here have never yet paid me 
for the time spent on them, and I might say the same of live elm (unless one is 
looking for the elm leaf-beetle), ash, apple, chestnut and, in Maine, the spruce 
and fir, although I see no reason why the two latter should not make as good 
hiding places as the pines and hemlocks. It is very probable that the time 
and place entirely govern success in beating, and while I always give them a 
stroke or two, elm, apple and cedar are absolutely hopeless to me. The oaks 
are the most prolific as a whole, but must be visited on sunny days, preferably 
along towards 5 p.m., as the insects are then less active and can be secured 
without the losses that are sure to occur by quick flight during the heat of the 
early afternoon. Among the more interesting things from oaks are: Chrysoboth- 
ris asurea Lec. (dead white oak), Agrilus masculinus Horn, acutipennis Mann., 
auricomus Frost (red oak), crinicornis Horn (raspberry leaves in Maine), Elytro- 
leptus floridanus Lec., Bassareus mammifer Newm., Rhynchites aeneus Boh., 
Auletes ater Lec., Pierocolus ovatus Fab., and several species of Balaninus. 

The rain is now gently falling in fine scattered drops as I stop by the brook 
to try the young poplars and alders growing thick over a small area near the 
railroad. The former gives me one Cotalpa lanigera Linn., and plenty of Phyl- 
lodecta vitelline Linn. At other times I have taken an occasional A grilus anxius 
Gory, and Saperda concolor Lec. with Zeugophora puberula Cr. turning up in 
large numbers twice from poplar. From the alders I now get a single Dicerca 
pugionata Germ., which rounds out a perfect day as I have now taken my second 
specimen of this fine species. D. caudata Lec. is rarely seen resting on the 
side of the stems of the young alders, from whence it may, sometimes, be knocked 
into the net or umbrella. 

Back along the brook I hasten while the rain increases in intensity with 
every intermittent shower. I tarry a few moments in the heavy growth of 
oaks and chestnuts through which the rain has not yet penetrated. Here I 
bring down Melanotus castanipes Payk., two species of Platydema, Phloe‘rya 
liturata Lec., and Agriotes oblongicollis Melsh. in numbers by vigorous kicks 
against the dead saplings. I once brought down a shower of Bostrychus armiger 
Lec. from a dead white oak sapling by this method; it was in a thick wood 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 29 


and none of the other oaks near by gave me a single specimen,and I have never 
happened on them again. In Maine I have beaten the rare Enchodes sericea 
Hald., Microbregma emarginatum Duft., Oligomerus obtusus Lec. and Elater 
apicatus Say from the dead lower limbs of large sugar maples. 


A final kick at a dead stub brings down the whole top smashing into the 
umbrella with disastrous results and, casting away the now utterly useless 
implement, I plod along in the pouring rain over the railroad ties towards home. 
When I arrive there I am soaking wet but happy in the memories of the day’s 
experiences, and each time I open my boxes these memories will be reflected 
from the shining armor of Dicerca pugionaia and Chrysobothris harrisi. 





NOTES ON COCCIDA. V. (HEMIPTERA). 


BY G. F. FERRIS, 
Stanford University, California. 
(Continued from Can. Ent., Vol. 51, p 253.) 
Genus Protropraspis CkIl, 

The original description of this genus was not sufficiently detailed, and 
much doubt has existed as to its exact nature. Through the kindness of Pro- 
fessor Cockerell I have been enabled to examine a slide mount of P. parvula 
Ckll., the type of the genus, and find it possible to extend somewhat our knowl- 
edge of this and related species. 

The original description of the genus was as follows: “A genus of Diaspine | 
secreting no scale: but the females enveloped in cottony secretion, the male 
pup resembling those of Diaspis, but extremely short. No grouped circum- 
genital glands.’’ To this genus there have previously been referred, (with 
some doubt) Protodiaspis anomala Green, P. tridentata Ferris, P. edentita Terris, 
P. agrifolie Essig and Fiorinia syncaripe Maskell: Of these only P. agrifolie 
Essig can be considered as congeneric with the type, and I am here naming a 
new genus for the others. 


I am unable at present to offer any very precise definition of the gents 
Protodiaspis, partly because of certain possible errors in the original descripticn 
that I am not able to clear up, partially because of the need of more information 
concerning the immature stages and partially because of the hazy limits of 
certain other genera. I present, however, the following characterization, this 
being based upon P. parvula, P. agrifolie and two other species that I am here 
describing as new. 

Coccide referable to the subfamily Diaspine, secreting a distinct scale or 
possibly in some cases merely loose secretion; the scale of the female circular 
with the exuviz central, that of the male elongate with the exuvia at one end, 
in both sexes white; second exuvia of female large but not at all, or at the most 
only partially, enclosing the adult; tubular ducts (Fig. 1B) of the type seen in 
Diaspis and related genera, all small, those of the pygidium scattered; pygidium 
usually weakly or not at all chitinized ; circumgenital pores present or absent; 
lobes of the pygidium present or absent. Small species (about .5 mm. long) 


as far as known infesting only oaks. 
February, 1920 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Protodiaspis parvula Ckll. 

1898.—Protodiaspis parvula Ckll., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 1:428. 

Material Examined.—Slide mount from the type material, from oak, 
Mexico. 

Notes.—The material examined is not in sufficiently good condition to 
permit the making of figures or of adding much to the original description. I 
may note, however, that the insect is apparently very similar to P. agrifolie 
Essig, differing chiefly in the absence of circumgenital pores. The dorsum of 
the pygidium possesses numerous small ducts, as in the latter species. I am 
unable to detect any lobes. The species is so very similar to agrifolie that I 
cannot regard the two as anything but congeneric. As P. agrifolie has a dis- 
tinct scale, it appears quite possible that the original description of parvula is 
in error in the statement that this species has no distinct scale. 


Protodiaspis agrifoliz# Essig. 


Hise 27. 
1914.—Protodiaspis agrifolie Essig, Journal Ent. and Zool., 6:75—80, figs. 
Habit.—Scale of the female white, circular, quite high convex; male, ac- 
cording to the original description, ‘“‘The exuvize of the males are yellow, and 
their position is somewhat distinct from the posterior end. The scales are little 
more than fluffy, snow-white cocoons, made of fine white cottony material. . .”’ 





WALAWAL ax 


ue / 








Fig. 7.—Prolodiaspis agrifoliae Essig. A, pygidium; B, type of duct. 


Adult Female.—Length .56 mm., form oval. . Derm everywhere mem- 
branous except for the anal ring, and a faintly chitinized area immediately 
about and caudal of the anal orifice. Dorsum of the pygidum (Fig. 1A) with 
numerous small tubular ducts, and the margin of the body with a continuous 
narrow zone of such ducts. Circumgenital pores present, arranged in an almost 
continuous arch of 20-30 pores. There appear to be no gland spines at any 
point on the body. 

Second Siage.-—Figured by Essig as possessing small lobes, but in a mount 
of the exuvia at hand it appears not to differ from the adult. 

Noies.—Structurally this appears to be so close to P. parvula that there 
can be but little doubt that the two are strictly congeneric, in spite of the state- 
ment that the former species possesses no definite scale. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ol 


Protodiaspis lobata, n. sp. 
Fig. 8. 

Type, Host and Locality.—Taken from an herbarium specimen of Quercus 
gambelii, from four miles east of Santa Fé, New Mexico. 

Habit.—Scale of the female as in P. agrifolia, that of the male elongate, 
slender, white and non-carinate. 

Adult Female.—Length: .4 mm., form broadly oval. Derm everywhere 

. nembranous, except for a very small 

area immediately about the anal ring, 
one or two irregular, very small areas 
on the dorsum of the pygidium and the 
lobes. Dorsum of the pygidium with 
numerous scattered ducts and the mar- 
gin of the body likewise with a continu- 
ous zone of such ducts. Margin of the 
body also with a practically continuous 
row of small gland spines. Pygidium 
with two pairs of small, irregularly- 
shaped lobes and with two or three 
pairs of small gland spines. Circumgenital pores lacking. 





Fig. 8.—Prolodiaspis lobata, n.sp. Pygidium. 


Protodiaspis pulchra, n. sp. 
Figs. 9, 10 and 11. 


Type Host and Locality.—From herbarium specimen of Quercus toumeyi, 
from Pedestal Rock, Chirica- 
hua Mts., Ariz. 

Habit.—Scale of the female 
asin P. agrifolie; scale of the 
male not seen. 

Adult Female — Length 
.) mm.; form slightly elon- 
gate oval or somewhat irreg- 
ular (Fig. 9A); cephalothorax 
and pygidium tending to be 
quite heavily chitinized. 
Pygidium (Fig. 10) some- 
what acuminate, the tip nar- 
rowly rounded. Two pairs 
Bet eee coe, rrper PerpMe p Hecaiea ieee stages 
pair quite close together and 
widely separated from the outer pair. Outer lobes composed of two lobules, of 
which the outer is the smaller. Dorsum of the pygidium with numerous scat- 
tered and very small ducts. Anal opening closer to the anterior margin of 
the pygidium than to the posterior, and slightly cephalad of the vaginal 
opening. Margin of the body with a continuous zone of small ducts; but 
without gland spines. 





32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Second Stage.-—Only exuvie are available for examination. In these one 
side is much more heavily chitinized than the other (Fig. 9B). The pygidium 
‘ (Fig. 11) is short, broad and 
sae almost truncate. There are ap- 
parently two pairs of very small 
lobes and the dorsum bears a 

few very small ducts. 
: Notes.—This_ differs rather 
ee widely from the other species 





Fig. 10.—Protodiaspis lobata, n.sp. Pygidium Fig. 11.—Protodiaspis pulchra, n.sp.. Pygidium 
of adult female. of second stage from exuvia. 


of the genus, so much so as to complicate the definition of the group, but it 
may be referred here for the present, at least. 


Genus ANCEPASPIS, new genus. 


Coccide referable to the subfamily Diaspina but in which neither the 
male nor the female secretes a scale, the adult of both sexes being included 
within the derm of the preceding stage which becomes heavily chitinized; exuvia 
of second stage of female dehiscing about the posterior margin to permit the 
escape of the larvae; adult female without circumgenital pores, and all stages 
without tubular ducts either on the pygidium or elsewhere; pygidium of the 
adult female with the margin more complex than that of the second stage, or 
at least not less complex. Small species (adult less than 1 mm. long) occurring 
on hosts of the families Fabace@, Mimosacee and Céassiacea. 

Type of the genus, Pro!odiaspis sridensava Ferris'. 

Notes.—In addition to the type, the following may definitely be referred 
to this genus; Protodiaspis anomala Green, P. edentaia Green and an undescribed 
species which I shall discuss in another paper. Green has suggested that 
Fiorinia syncarpie Maskell and F. secreta Green are congeneric with this group, 
but in both of these species the male is described as having a secretionary scale. 
I have seen the male of an Ancepaspis only in connection with the undescribed 
species mentioned above, but this species is so clearly congeneric with at least 
tridenta.a and edeniata that there can be no question as to the relationship of 
these forms. 

This is a most peculiar group, having but little resemblance to the ordinary 
Diaspine types. It is probably not related to such genera as Fiorinia and 
Leucaspis, in which tubular ducts are present at least in the nymph. 


1. Protodiaspis tridentata Ferris, Contrib. Knowl. Coccide Sw. U.5., p. 46, fig. 22. In 
Stanford University Publications, University Series, 1919. 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 39 


THE GENERIC POSITION OF SPHINX SEPARATUS NEUM. 


BYSE. D2 AD COCKERELL, 
Boulder, Colorado, 


On Aug. 23, 1918, a strange sphingid larva was found in a tomato patch 
at 905 Lincoln Avenue, Boulder, Colorado. It was about 110 mm. long, with 
a diameter of 16 mm.; head black, with a dark red stripe on each side; general 
colour of body creamy-white, with black and dilute black markings, the under 
side plumbeous. The caudal horn was small and black. The most conspicuous 
markings were on the dorsum of thorax, and were large and intense black; 
consisting of a trilobed or trefoil-like mark behind the head, with a short stem 
to the anterior margin of the segment, and a much larger broad, elongate mark 
on the hinder part of thorax, the interval between these markings having a pink 
suffusion. The thorax also had three round black spots on each side. Beyond 
the thorax, the dorsum was ornamented by transverse rows of small spots,and 
laterally by short, oblique, black marks, directed dorso-cephalad, i.e., in an 
opposite direction from that of the lateral stripes of Sphinx. From the caudal 
horn, however, a short, black band passed anteriorly on each side, homologous 
with a similarly placed marking in Sphinx. In the middle of the body, also, 
the oblique stripes of Sphinx were more or less distinctly developed, as rather 
short, dark bars, dorsally. A more or less distinct +-shaped mark was behind 
the larger thoracic patch, and a similar one anterior to the caudal horn. 

This peculiar larva, very unlike that of Sphinx, produced a pupa in which 
the maxillary loop is about 22.5 mm. long, not allowing for the curvature, and 
strongly arched from the surface of the body (distant from it at one point as 
much as 5 mm.), with the end bulbous. The metathoracic ridge, about 6.5 mm. 
long, is only very narrowly interrupted in middle, the interval less than half a 
mm. Dorsally, the abdominal segments are strongly punctate anteriorly. 
The spiracular furrows are deep and about 4 mm. long, not extending ventrad 
of the spiracle; excepting, however, the posterior furrow of the first pair, which 
is longer, and goes ventrad of the spiracle by a distance almost equal to the 
length of the latter. Pupa is about 53 mm. long; colour dark chestnut red. 

Judging from the pupa, and following the characters so admirably pre- 
sented by Dr. Edna Mosher, this insect should have been a Protoparce. The 
moth, however, is Sphinx separasus Neum.! This species does not seem to me 
to be a true or typical Sphinx. The antenne are curved at the end, approach- 
ing the condition of Protoparce, and the markings of thorax and anterior wings 
are very Protoparce-like. The black and white lateral banding of the abdomen, 
and the heavy (coalesced) bands on the hind wings are striking specific charac- 
ters. On the under side the resemblance to Proéoparce sexta is quite close. 
The eyes, in Sphinx-fashion, have very long lashes, but P. sexta has evident 
though much shorter ones. Mr. B. Preston Clark, working with the adult 
insects, kindly tells me that he cannot find adequate grounds for subdividing 
Sphinx, of which he has before him all the known species but two. Neverthe- 
less, in view of the peculiar larva, and especially the characters of the pupa, 
far more striking than those used to separate the moths of the two genera in 
question, it seems necessary to regard S. separatus as the type of a distinct 


subgenus or possibly genus. For this I will propose the name Mesosphinx. 
February, 1920 


34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


We have found two species of more typical Sphinx at Boulder; S. drupi- 
ferarum Abb.-Sm., collected by William Winner, and S. vancouverensis Hy. 
Edw., collected by Rosamond Patton. 





A PARASITE OF DERMESTID BEETLES IN 
ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER. 


In the fall of 1914 a specimen of Libellula pulchella was caught at Forest 
Hills, Mass., and came into the possession of Mr. J. T. Scott, then a student 
at the Bussey Institution. It was placed in a box which was taken to Lynch- 
burg, Virginia, and there remained 2!/) years. For at least a year past it was 
known that the specimens were infested by anthrenids. About Sept. 5, 1918, 
the box was received by Mr. Scott at Boulder, Colorado; and on Sept. 15 several 
small hymenopterous insects were found alive in it. On investigation, Mr. 
Scott found small, pure white cocoons on the Libellula, two upon the wings 
and two inside the thorax. Anthrenid larve were also found, showing evidence 
of parasitism. There was one Anthrenid larva still alive. 

On examination, it was easily determined that the insects were Bethylids 
of the genus Lelius Ashmead. This genus is well known to be parasitic on 
Dermestid larve, and consists of the following species, as far as yet known: 

1. U.S. species. L. trogodematis Ashm., L. tricarinatus Ashm., L. rufipes 

Ashm., L. nigripilosus Ashm., L. fumipennis Brues. 

2. French species, L. bipartitus Wieff., L. tibialis Kieft., L. perrisi Wieft. 
3. Italian species, L. fulvtpes Kieff., L. anthrenivorus Trani. 

Mr. Scott’s insect, which undoubtedly attacked the anthrenids in Virginia, 
is easily separated from all those of America by the clouded wings and dark 
jegs with red anterior tibia. It may be described as follows: 


Laelius utilis, n. sp. 


Female.—Length fully 3 mm., anterior wing 1,850 microns; black, highly 
polished, the surface of head and thorax microscopically tessellate, the front 
with very sparse but large piliferous punctures; wings clouded beyond the 
middle; nervures dilute fuscous; legs superficially appearing black with bright 
ferruginous anterior tibia, but the other tibiz and all the tarsi are obscure 
dark reddish; the legs have sparse, long, black bristles, the tarsi. with short, 
black hair. The abruptly truncate metathorax has the dorsal surface very 
beautifully ornamented, with fine longitudinal plice, three in the median region, 
and one near each side; there are also shorter plice between these, arising from 
the base; between the median and subdorsal plicae the surface is minutely 
cancellate, and beyond the subdorsal plice it is very finely transversely striate; 
the plice, except the median one, border a series of large, shallow pits. The 
apical truncation of metathorax is minutely cancellate, with a delicate median 
raised line. Mandibles, base of antenne and trochanters reddish, but palpi 
dark. Third and fourth abdominal segments minutely transversely lineolate 
on basal half. 

The type will be placed in U. S. National Museum. 


February, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 35 


NOTES ON SOME SYRPHID& (DIPTERA) COLLECTED IN ENGLAND 
AND FRANCE DURING 1917-18. 


C. HOWARD CURRAN, 
Vineland Sta., Ont. 


While on military service in Europe a few opportunities for the collection 
of insects occurred. Such opportunities were not anticipated, and as a result, 
all the insects taken were captured in the hand, a not very satisfactory, and 
certainly a very disappointing method in so far as the collector is concerned. 
However, some thirty-six species of Syrphide have been determined, and it is 
interesting to note that several of these are considered by Verrall (British Flies, 
Vol. VIII) to be rather scarce in England. 

Unfortunately the specimens collected in France, with the exception of ® 
very few, were lost, due to unforeseen circumstances. They were packed away 
in cotton wool in a tobacco tin, and when my kit arrived from France it was 
found that all tobacco, including all tins, had been confiscated by my brother 
officers. Evidently some smoker received a huge surprise. 

Naturally, conditions in Europe and America are vastly different as regards 
collecting. Kent and Sussex, England, | found to be ideal collecting grounds, 
and many ‘“‘perfect’’ localities were found. About twenty acres of flowering 
shrubs and flowers, dotted with ponds and surrounded by woods, at Horsham, 
Sussex, furnished most of the specimens collected. At Cuckfield, (near Hay- 
ward’s Heath), a slashing, with young willows in bloom, was to be found in 
Diptera. At Hythe, an open woods (out of bounds), in which many flowers 
were growing proved to be a good piace for Syrphids. !ess favourable localities 
were found in other parts of England and Ireland; no collecting was done in 
Scotland, although observations were made. 

In France all the collecting was done about a mile from ie coast, near 
Estaples, in an old shrubbery and a strip of wood adjoining a marsh. Many 
flies, especially belonging to the Syrphini, were observed on the edges of the 
trenches, even where gas was used freely. Syrphus balteatus was one of these. 

General observations seemed to indicate a larger number of common species 
and a greater abundance of insect life in general. 

Two of the genera collected do not occur in North America, and both are 
very interesting connecting forms. These are marked with af. Those marked 
with an asterisk occur in Canada. 

Microdon sp. I note a single specimen taken at Le Touquette, France, 
in June, 1918, because the specimens belonging to the genus are not at all com- 
mon. It was taken on currant leaves in a narrow strip of woods. 

Pipizella virens Fabr. Two females, Horsham, Sussex, early June, on 
leaves of low-growing plants. 

Chilosia illlustrata Harris. A single male taken at Cuckfield, Sussex, late 
May, in a slashing with young willows growing. The flies were fairly common, 
sunning on dried leaves on the ground. 

Chilosia albipila Meig. Four specimens taken in the same place as the 
preceding, and also on willow blossoms . 

*Chilosia variabilis Panzer. Two females taken at Horsham, Sussex, early 


June, 1918, sunning on leaves. 
February, 1920 


36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Chilosia pulchripes Loew. Male, Hythe, Kent, Aug., 1917, on flowers in 
wood. 


Chilosa vernalis Fallen. Male, Cuckfield, April, 1918, willow slashing. 


Melanosioma melinum Linn. Two females from Horsham, early June, 
1918, sunning on leaves. 


Melanostoma scalare Fabr. Three females, two from Horsham, early 
June, 1918, one Hythe, Aug., 1917. 


*Platychirus peltatus Meigen. Male and female, Horsham, early June, 
sunning on leaves. 


Platychirus albimanus Fabr. Male, Hythe, Aug., 1917; female, Horsham, 
June, 1918, male; Cuckfield, Apri!, 1918; the first on flowers, the last two on 
leaves. 


Platychirus manicatus Meigen. Female. Horsham, early June, 1918, sun- 
ning on leaves. 

{Xanthandrus comuius Harris. Male, Hythe, on bloom in open woods, 
Aug., 1917. This genus is not represented in North America, and the species, 
which is not common, is its only representative. It is related to Syrphus and 
Melanostoma. 

*Scaeva pyrasirt Linn. Male, Hythe, Kent, Aug., 1917, on bloom in 
open woods. 

*Syrphus ribesu Linn. Female, Horsham, June; male, Kilkenny, Ireland, 
Oct., 1918. This species is not nearly so common as in America. 

*Syrphus cinciellus Zett. Male and female, Horsham, early June, 1918. 
Possibly occurs in N. America, but not very common in England. Specimens 
taken in flower garden, on bloom. 

Syrphus luniger Meigen. Female, Horsham, June, 1918, on bloom in 
garden. Belongs to the arcuata group. 

Syrphus balieatus DeGeer. Seven males and females from Hythe, Kent, 
in open woods. I also observed specimens in various other places, in England, 
Ireland, Scotland and France. It appeared to be the most common species of 
the genus, and was especially abundant near streams and damp places, as well 
as on bloom. 

Sphaerophoria menthastri var. picta Linn. Horsham, a single female, taken 
on bloom in early June. I have also a specimen taken from the class collection 
at the Ontario Agricultural College, 1913. I doubt if the specimen was taken 
in Canada. 

Sphaerophoria scripia Linn. Two males and a female, from Mr. J. E. 
Collin, London. Unforunately a large series of this species was not obtained. 
From a comparison with S. cylindrica, | do not think that it is the same species. 

Ascia podagrica Fabr. Male and female from Newmarket, Eng., April 4, 
1918, taken on leaves of ground plants, sunning. A very small species, and 
extremely difficult to catch without a net. 

Baccha elongaia Fabr. A single male, Kilkenny, Ireland, Oct., 1918. I 
observed this species also at Horsham and found it to be very numerous in 
France, in rather long grass on the edge of a marsh. I took twelve specimens 
in half an hour. 

Rhingia campestris Meigen. Six males and females, Horsham, early June, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 37 


on bloom in deep woods. The species is much like R. nasica, Say, but more 
reddish, and the thorax is darker in both sexes. 


Volucella inflata Fabr. Female Horsham, Sussex, early June, in flower 
garden Fairly common, I also had specimens from France. 


*Volucella bombylans Linn. Var. bombylans, male, and female Horsham, 
early June, and specimens taken in France. Var. plumata six males and females 
Sussex. This species is very common, especially the latter variety, which 
corresponds exactly to our V. facialis Will Our V. evecta should be considered 
a variety of V. bombylans. 

*Eristalis tenax Linn A female from Hythe and a male from Kilkenny. 
I found the species to be common everywhere. 


Eristalis periinax Linn. Eight males and females from Hythe and Sussex. 
The species is common on bloom and sunning on leaves. It resembles F. fenax, 
but is more slender and more pilose. 


*Eristalis nemorum Linn. Two males Horsham, Sussex, early June. 
This species, which has recently been recorded from the Maritime Provinces, 
is common in England. Specimens were taken sunning on leaves, and observed 
about the edge of a pond. . 


*Eristalis arbustorum Linn. A single male from Horsham, early June, 
1918. This species is very common in Canada. Williston describes it as 
E. brousii, and it is confused with EF. meigenii. In England and France I found 
it to be quite common, but neglected to take specimens. 

Helophilus pendulus Linn. Two females from Horsham, early June, on 
leaves and bloom, and a third specimen, evidently different, from Ireland. I 
took a large number of specimens of this genus in France, evidently belonging 
to two or three species. 

*Merodon equestris Fabr. Ten males and females beonging to four varieties: 
equesiris, narcissi, vallidus, and transversalis, This injurious species was very 
common in Sussex, about bloom in gardens. The larve bore into healthy bulbs. 
I recently examined an importation of narcissi, 10% of which were infested. 

Criorhina berberina Fabr. Female, Cuckfield, late May, 1918, in willow 
slashing. It is much like C. tricolor of the West Coast, in colour, but struc- 
turally different. It is not common. 

Criorhina ranunculi Panz. Female, from willow bloom, late May, 1918, 
Cuckfield. ‘‘The most handsome British Syrphid’ Verrall. Not at all com- 
mon; a large, long, black, pilose species, with lighter pile on the scutellum and 
end of the abdomen. 

*Xylota segnis Linn. Four males and females from Hythe and Horsham. 
A common species. I observed it on hawthorn and other bloom in various 
parts of England. | 

. *Syritta pipiens Linn. A single specimen from Sussex. Equally as com- 
mon in England and France as in America. 

+Mytatropia florea Linn. Female, Horsham, early June, 1918. This 
species, which is the only member of the genus, is fairly common in Britain. 
It is intermediate between Eristalis and Helophilus, but appears to be more 
closely related to the former. The eyes are narrowly contiguous in the male; 
pilose; marginal cell open. The fly resembles E. transversus in markings. 


38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


HYPERA NIGRIROSTRIS FAB.. IN THE) PACIFIC NORTHWEST.* 


BY L. PP. ROCKWOOD, 
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Forest Grove, Oregon. 


Hypera (Phytonomus) nigrirostris Fab., is a clover insect of supposedly 
European origin! which, for many years, has been known to occur in the eastern 
states and eastern Canada. It has been recorded from as far west as Minnesota 
by Schwarz,? the most western point of which I have seen record, except as 
hereinafter stated. The insect is a very close relative of the Alfalfa Weevil, 
Hypera postica, and the discovery of its parasites in northwestern America is, 
therefore, thought worthy of record. 

In 1916 Professor R. A. Cooley*® reported this weevil from ‘‘one valley in 
western Montana,’’ where the insect had been present ‘“‘during the past two 
years.’ In May, 1915, the author found adults of H. nigrirosiris at Bellevue, 
Wash., on the shore of Lake Washington opposite Seattle. The distribution 
of this insect in the Pacific Northwest has since been traced by members of the 
staff of the Forest Grove Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Cereal 
and Forage Insect Investigations as follows:—H. nigrirostris was found in 
western Montana by C. W. Creel at various points in the Flathead Valley from 
Columbia Falls on the Great Northern Railroad to Dixon on the Northern 
Pacific Railroad, and also at Arlee, Montana, in the Jocko Valley, a short dis- 
tance south and east of the Flathead Valley. West of the Cascade Mountains 
it has been found from Vancouver, B.C., on the north (by C. W. Creel) south- 
ward through Washington to its southern limits in Oregon at Garden Home 
in the Willamette Valley, Forest Grove, in the Tualatin Valley and Nehalem 
on the coast. Mr. Wm. T. Ham, of the Truck Crop Insect Investigations of 
the U.S. Bureau of Entomology, reports it in correspondence from Orcas Island, 
Wash., and Longmire’s Springs on Mt. Rainier at an elevation of 2,761 ft. 


In 1915 and 1916 H. nigrirostris was found in fair numbers at Bellevue; 
Wash. and Olympia, Wash. In 1917 this species was very numerous and doing 
considerable damager to clover on the grounds of the Western Washington 
Experiment Station at Puyallup. In the season of 1918 H. nigrirosiris was 
discovered for the first time at Forest Grove, Oregon. Only three specimens 
were found in that locality during the entire season of 1918. It does not seem 
possible that this insect could have been present at Forest Grove prior to this 
year, as clover fields of the vicinity had been very carefully watched since 1914. 
In the season of 1919 the weevils were slightly more plentiful at Forest Grove, 
but still by no means common. The insects increased in numbers toward the 
north, that is toward the Columbia River and the Coast Range, beyond which 
they also occurred on the ocean front near Nehalem, Oregon. Every indica- 
tion is that the trend of dispersion of the species is from the north to the south. 

There is, however, an unusual phenomenon concomitant to this invasion 
of a new region by a well-known insect. It was stated above that but three 
specimens of H. nigrirostris were found at Forest Grove in 1918. One of these 





*Published by permission of the Secretary of Agriculture. 
1. Webster, F.M., U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin 85, Part 1, 1909. 
2. Schwarz, E. A., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 9, 1908, p. 114. 
3. Cooley, R. A., 14th Annual Rept. Sta. Entomologist Montana, Bull. No. 112, p. 67, 
1916. 
February, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 39 


Specimens was a typical H. nigrirostris cocoon containing an Hymenopterous 
coccon of a kind indistinguishable from that of Bathyplectes curculionis, para- 
site of the Alfalfa Weevil introduced into Utah from Europe. Later this parasite 
was found in about 50 per cent. of the early cocoons of /7. nigrirosir’s at Puyallup, 
Wash. In 1919 adults of this parasitic species were swept from clover at Forest 
Grove on two occasions. The parasite was also found to be present at Nehalem 
on the ocean front, where the weevil larve were not very easy to find. This 
parasite has been determined by Mr. A. B. Gahan‘ of the U.S. National Museum 
as ‘‘Bathyplectes exigua Gravenhorst, a European species hitherto not recorded 
in the United States? and apparently without host record in Europe.” This 
parasite, like other members of this European genus, is especially adapted to 
prey upon the larve of Hypera, the young larve of which it searches out in 
their concealed locations in the axilliary buds under the bracts on clover stems 
or under the flowering heads of clover. Thus we have a highly specialized 
parasite occurring even on the outskirts of the area infested by its host. 


In addition this parasite of I. nigrirostris larve, a Pteromalid parasite 
attacking the pupe within the lacy cocoons was found in fair numbers during 
the seasons of 1918 and 1919 at Puyallup, Wash., and Auburn, Wash. This 
parasite also shows a special adaptation for parasitism of Hypera, within the 
cocoons of which it occurs as naked larve or pupa. However, it is not an active 
flier like B. exigua, and would probably spread more slowly than that species. 
It has not yet been found on the outskirts of the infested area. This parasite 
has been determined by Mr. A. B. Gahan as Dibrachoides dynasties Forster, a 
European parasite of the Alfalfa Weevil, H. postica, introduced into Utah but 
never recovered there so far as known to the author. This genus also, accord- 
ing to Mr. Gahan, was not represented in our fauna so far as known, previous 
to its discovery in Washington. 


The occurrence in the Pacific Northwest of these parasites, apparently 
foreign to our fauna and not as yet found in the east, where 7. nigrirostris has 
been known for many years and recently studied,® suggests that the invasion of 
the Pacific Northwest may be from a source different from that of eastern 
America. It is unusual for highly specialized parasites of an introduced species 
to become common so soon after the appearance of the host in a new region. 
It has been shown that ZH. nigrirosiris is spreading from the north to the south 
in the Pacific Northwest. This seems to indicate that the species is really 
circumpolar in its range, as Schwarz’ suggests, or that it has come from eastern 
Siberia by natural dissemination or accidental introduction. In the latter case 
the weevil was probably introduced by easy stages, such as would not eliminate 
the parasites, into the northern part of the Vancouveran faunal area of Van 
Dyke,® which he considers includes even the lower levels of the Aleutian Islands 
and the southern margin of the Alaskan peninsula. 


4. My thanks are due Mr. A. B. Gahan for determinations of parasites and kind per- 
mission to use extracts from his correspondence. 

5. Mr. A. B. Gahan informs me that a specimen determined by him as B. exigua was re- 
cently reared from a larva of Hypera punctata at Mechanicsburg, Pa., by Mr. T. I.. Guyton. 

6. Herrick, Glenn W. and Detwiler, J.D. ‘Notes on some little-known pests of red clover, 
Jour. of Ec. Ent., Vol. 12, No. 2, 1919, p. 206. 

ie Schwarz, BeaAy ‘Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. , Vol. 9, 1908, p. 114. 

8. Van Dy ke, Edwin C. Annals of the Ent. Soc. of America, Vola iow LOU) srk. 


” 


40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NEW 'SPECIES-OF SCYTHRIS (MICROLEPIDOPTERA): 


BY ANNETTE F. BRAUN, 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Scythris graminivorella, n. sp. 


Head and face dark brown with a faint brassy lustre. Palpi dark brown, 
slightly paler inwardly and at bases of segments. Antenne simple. Thorax 
and fore wings clothed with elongate dark brown, faintly brassy scales, and 
streaked with paler scales which form several more or less distinctly defined 
spots. There is a small spot on the fold at the basal third, preceding and fol- 
lowing which the fold is darker than the rest of the wing surface, due to absence 
of paler scales; at two-thirds a large, ill-defined spot extending from the dorsal 
cilia about two-thirds across the wing, and separated from a spot in the apex 
by a darker unstreaked patch. Hing wings darker than fore wings, purplish 
brown. Legs dark brown, brassy. Abdomen dark purplish brown above, 
whitish beneath. Expanse 10.5-12 mm 

Type.— o, Cincinnati, O. 

The type and eight paratypes were reared from larve on Hysirix patula. 
The mine is an elongate transparent blotch with the entrance beneath* guarded 
by a broad tube of silk; the larva usually makes several mines. Although the 
species seems to prefer Hystrix as a food plant, I have observed the mines on 
Canada blue grass, Poa compressa. Larve collected May 5, produced moths 
during the first half of June. 

The specimen which Zeller mentions in a note following his description of 
S. pilosella is probably an example of this species. 

S. graminiverella is most closely allied to S. imposiiella, but never shows the - 
distinct markings of that species, nor the purplish tinge of thorax and fore 
wings. The indistinctly marked forms of graminivorella resemble the more 
yellowish forms of eboracensis, described by Clemens as fuscicomella. In this 
connection it may be worth while to note that I have bred the uniformly deep 
purplish black form as well as the yellowish form from larvz in webs in tops of 
thistle. A large series of eboracensis from Louisiana are all of the dark form. 


Scythris confinis, n. sp. 


Face and palpi grayish; the palpi outwardly and at tips of segments dark 
brown. Crown, thorax and fore wings dark brown, slightly streaked with 
elongate golden brown scales, especially toward apex. A broad, golden brown 
stripe starts from near base and follows the fold, usually fading into the ground 
colour before reaching the margin. _ This stripe is bordered above and below 
with black, the black border especially on the upper side becoming broader 
near the wing margin. Hind wings and upper side of abdomen dark brown; 
abdomen beneath and legs paler, grayish. Expanse 10-12 mm. 

Type.—o' and 35 paratypes, Alameda County, California, May 22, 1908. 
(G. R. Pilate, collector). 

S. confinis is of the same general type of marking as S. perspicillella Wlsm., 
but much darker and differently coloured. 








*In Hystrix, the leaf blade is twisted near the bese, so that the upper surface of the leat 
aces downwards. 
Febiuary, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 4] 


: Scythris interrupta, nu. sp. 

Palpi dark brown, white inwardly and above except at tips of segments. 
Head, thorax and fore wings dark brown faintly shining. A gradually broaden- 
ing white streak follows the fold from base almost to middle of wing, where it 
often abruptly becomes two or three times as wide. At two-thirds there is a 
more or less distinct white, elongate spot on the fold. Hind wings with veins 
4 and 5 coincident; dark brown, almost concolorous with the fore wings. Legs 
dark gray. Abdomen dark brown above, beneath gray in the male, silvery in 
the female. Expanse 10 mm. 


Type (co) and seven paratypes, City Creek Canyon, Highlands, Cali- 
- fornia, May 11. 
Scythris ypsilon, n. sp. 


Palpi pale yellowish shaded with fuscous beneath. Face pale yellowish. 
Top of head, thorax and fore wings pale golden. The fore wings are marked 
with three irregular, oblique white bands. The first of these crosses the extreme 
base to the dorsum, where it broadens greatly and passes obliquely upwards 
and outwards, joining the second band near the costa; the second band passes 
obliquely from the basal third of costa to near the middle of the dorsum, broad- 
ening below the fold. The third band extends from the costal two-thirds 
obliquely inwards to the dorsum, broadening on each side below the middle of 
the wing, and often enclosing on the dorsum a small spot of ground colour. 
Sometimes a minute white spot in the apex. Hind wings pale golden with a 
slight purplish tint. Abdomen pale golden above, anal tuft yellowish. Under 
side of abdomen and legs pale yellowish. Expanse 9.5-10 mm. 


Type (co) and eight paratypes, Loma Linda, California, June 30, July 11, 
August 21-31, and October 15. (G. R. Pilate). 


Similar to S. trivinctella Zeller, but of a paler golden ground colour and 
with greater extent of white markings. 





ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH. 


ENTOMOLOGIST FOR FOREST INSECT WoRK IN BRITISH COLUMBIA APPOINTED. 


Mr. Ralph Hopping has been appointed as Entomologist to take charge 
of the forest insect work in British Columbia, under the direction of Dr. J. M. 
Swaine, Chief of the Division of Forest Insects, and he commenced duties in 
December. Mr. Hopping has had a lengthy practical experience of forestry 
operations and forest insect control work in western forests. He has been 
attached to the United States Forest Service for twelve years, and for seven 
years he had charge of insect control work in the National Forests in California. 
- During the war his territory included the States of Arizona, New Mexico and 
Colorado. Few men have had a wider practical experience of forest insect 
control operations, and Mr. Hopping is now engaged in planning and super- 
vising control operations for bark-beetle outbreaks in southern British Columbia, 
where these insects have been responsible for extensive losses in valuable tim- 
ber during the last few years, 


42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NOTES ON THE WINTER COLEOPTERA OF WESTERN AND 
SOUTHERN FLORIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 
NEW SPECIES. 


BY W.. Sa bIZAT GEILE, 
Indianapolis, Ind. 


During the winter of 1918-1919 I collected from December 1 to February 
11, and from March 6 to March 30, about Dunedin on the west coast of Florida.! 
In the interim, February 12 to March 5, I made a trip to Cape Sable and Key 
West, stopping four days on the way at Lakeland. A number of interesting 
and a few undescribed species of Coleoptera were taken during the season, and 
of these, except the Rhynchophora which will be treated elsewhere, the present 
article deals. 


Cape Sable, the extreme southern point of the mainland of Florida, is an 
interesting place, but as yet a difficult one to reach. I went with a party of 
land-seekers and tourists from Lakeland to Homestead, via New Smyrna, 
Palm Beach and Miami by automobile, thus passing clear across the State from 
west to east and 250 miles down the.east coast, a route necessary to avoid bad 
roads. From Homestead to Long Key, an island 30 miles southeast of Care 
Sable, we took a train on the East Coast Railway. At Long Key we were met 
by a small boat of the Cape Sable Land Co., which makes a weekly trip. for mail 
and supplies from the ‘Club House”’ of the Land Co. This club house is lo- 
cated about three miles from the point of the cape proper. In fact, there are 
three capes or points, the eastern and middle ones, about six miles apart, being 
occupied to within 50 yards of the water’s edge by cocoanut groves which con- 
tain about 40,000 bearing trees. 


The country about Cape Sable differs much from other parts of Florida’ 
being for the most part a low, flat region devoid of pine, saw palmetto and sand’ 
the three dominant features of the usual south Florida landscape. The soil, 
or rather the surface, is compcsed of comminuted limestone and, except along 
the brackish inlets and sloughs, supports only a prairie-like vegetation of weeds 
and grasses. The houses, few and widely scattered, are raised high above the 
ground to avoid the tides which, during hurricanes or violent storms, often 
cover the country for miles. There is no fresh water, rain water collected in 
large square surface concrete cisterns furnishing the supply for the settlers. 
Along the inlets and in the lower depressions are the so-called hammocks, com- 
posed of a dense growth of subtropical shrubs and trees among which Spanish 
bayonet, tall cacti and other thorn-bearing vegetation so abound that col- 
lecting has to be done mostly along the margins. A single phrase from my 
notebook, viz., ‘‘a few fair things and a million mosquitoes,’’ was the average 
record of each day’s collecting about the Cape at that season. Late in the 
afternoon or on sultry days a ‘‘million’’ would be a very low estimate of the 
mosquito population. Several times they drove me out of the hammocks 
onto the open prairie where there was a little air stirring but poor collecting. 

The net result of my week's enforced stay was, on the whole, disappointing. 
Of Coleoptera only Rhynchophora were found in any numbers, but of them a 


1, ‘SeeiGan. Ent.. MLTX? 1917, 137. 
February, 1920 











THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 43 


number were rare and interesting. [ was glad when ‘Thursday morn rolled 
round again and a start could be made for Key West. A new automobile road 
is being constructed from Homestead to Cape Sable, so that in a year or two the 
Cape can be more easily reached. 

The island of Key West, where I spent five days, has been visited by many 
collectors and its insect fauna is well known. The conditions for collecting are, 
however, poor and growing worse. This is due to the lack of vegetation and 
fresh water—only a few stunted shrubs and trees remaining on the island. 
Here, as at Cape Sable, some of my most interesting captures were among the 
Rhynchophora. However, a Dytiscid, Copelatus debilis Sharp, new to this 
country,? was taken, and also a number of the species mentioned on the pages 
which follow. From Key West I returned to Tampa by steamer, and from 
there to Dunedin is a distance of only 27 miles. 


Pasimachus strenuus Lec. On March 11 I found one of these large 
Carabids crawling backwards across a sandy roadway in Dunedin and dragging 
with him a specimen of the bulky Scarabzid, Deltochilum gibbesum Fab. The 
victim was still alive and had evidently put up a strong fight for existence, as 
both his fore legs and one of the middle ones were wanting. D. gibbosum ap- 
pears to be a scarce species in Florida, having been taken by me but once before, 
when a half dozen were found in a putrid, extremely fetid mass of fungi in 
Skinner's Hammock near Dunedin. 


Dicelus elongatus Dej. This species, frequent throughout Indiana, is 
seldom found in Flerida. Two specimens were taken February 13 from be- 
neath logs in low woods on the border of Lake Parker, northeast of Lakeland. 
Heretofore known from the State only by specimens taken by Schwarz at Enter- 
prise, St. Augustine and Crescent City. 


Lebia fuscata Dej. Two specimens were beaten from dead leaves of 
cabbage palmetto near Dunedin, one Jan. 29, the other March 19. It has 
been recorded from Jacksonville and Belleair, and is said to occur from Canada 
to Florida and Missouri. 


Selenophorus fatuus Lec. Quite common beneath dead leaves near 
the crematory on Key West. With it were taken Copelatus debilis Sharp and 
Casnonia pennsylvanica L., the latter with the black spots of elytra very large 
and confluent. 

Neoharmonia venusta fattigi, var. nov. 


Differs from typical venusta in having the black markings of each elytron 
reduced to the two median spots, one round and submarginal, the other sub- 
sutural with a narrow prong directed forward. It is thus intermediate be- 
tween the typical form and var. dissimila,* the latter having these median 
spots wholly wanting. Examples of all three forms were sent to me by Prof. 
P. W. Fattig, of Gainesville, who took them at Pahokee on April 25. 


Psyllobora nana Muls. A single specimen was taken March 2 while 
- sweeping near the Old Fort on Key West. It is a Cuban and Jamaican species, 


2. See Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XL, 1919, 312. 
3. Can. Ent., XLVI, 1914, 66. 





44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


and has been taken by Berger on the Dry Tortugas and the Florida Keys. 
P. parvinota Casey was taken in numbers both at Cape Sable and Key West. 


Hyperaspis nigrosuturalis Blatch. Several additional specimens of this 
handsome Coccinellid, which was described* from a unique taken at Lakeland, 
were collected near Dunedin in February by beating large bunches of Spanish 
mcss in which they were hibernating. 


Scymnillus eleutherz Casey. Three specimens of this minute Coc- 
cinellid were beaten from the foliage of the Saffron Plum, Bumelia angustifolia 
Nutt., along the edges of a hammock at Cape Sable. It was identified for me 
by Col. Casey, who described’ it from the Bahama Islands, this being its first 
record for the United States, 


Scymnus dichrous Muls. A single specimen taken March 3 by beating 
at Key West. This species has not before been recorded from Florida, nor 
definitely from the United States. Mulsant’s brief characterization and notes 
were as follows: “I have seen in the Chevrelat collection, under the name 
Scymnus dichrous, a specimen having the posterior fifth of the Elytra reddish 
white or reddish yellow, except that the suture throughout is widely bordered 
with black. Perhaps this specimen which seems to constitute a distinct species, 
may however be attached to Scymnus ochroderus.’’ He gives no locality for 
dichrous ochroderus was from St. Bartholomew, West Indies. 


Scymnus bivulnerus Horn. This species was taken both at Cape Sable 
and Key West. It was described in part from the latter place. 


Mychocerus depressus Lec. Two specimens of this, the smallest of our 
Colydiide, were taken Dec. 11 from beneath bark of dead water oak near Dune- 
din. Horn gives® its range as “District of Columbia to South Carolina and 
very rare.’ It has not before been recorded from Florida, though mentioned 
in the Schwarz Mss. list from Tallahassee. 


Apsectus hispidus Melsh. I can find no Florida record of this little 
bristly Dermestid. A single specimen was taken at Dunedin, March 19, from 
bottled, dead-leaf debris which was kept on account of its containing Hormops 
abducens’ Lec. The Dermestid is said by Leconte’ to occur in the middle and 
southern states on leaves. 

Hister adonis, sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining. Thorax with two 
marginal stria, the inner one almost entire, the outer but little shorter; disk 
smooth. Elytra with one sub-humeral stria reaching the apex and a very 
fine, oblique humeral. Dorsal strie five, entire, the fifth arching and joining 
the sutural, the strie well impressed, evidently but feebly punctate; epipleure 
unistriate. Propygidium and pygidium both finely and rather sparsely punctate. 
Mesosternum truncate. Front tibiae with four rather coarse teeth, the apical 
one entire. Length 5.8 mm. 


Can. Ent., L, 1918, 420. 

Jour. N.Y. Ent. Sec., VII, 1899, 115. 

Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, 592. 

See Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc., XXVI, 1918, 158. 
Proc, Acad, Nat, Sci. Phil., VIII, 1854, 113. 








DONT? Ov 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 45 


Dunedin, Florida, Dec. 13. One specimen taken from beneath a board 
near the margin of a pond. A member of Horn’s Americanus Group, allied to 
sedecimstriatus but larger, more oblong, with two nearly entire thoracic marginal 
striae, but one sub-humeral and with dorsal striz less impressed, less distinctly 
punctate. Not in the Leconte or Horn collections and not known to Col. 
Casey. 


Saprinus obsidianus Casey. Three specimens of this highly-polished 
Histerid have been taken at Dunedin, Dec. 21—March 21, one in a bucket of 
water, the others at carrion traps. It was described from Mobile, Ala., and 
has not before been recorded from Florida. 


Carpophilus rickseckeri Fall. Two specimens were taken by sweeping 
along the margins of an orange grove near Dunedin, March 17. It was originally 
described’ from specimens taken in decaying cactus at San Diego, Cal., and Mr. 
Fall informs me that he has since seen specimens from Florida.” 


Quadrifrons castanea Blatch. A second specimen of this very distinct 
Nitidulid was taken March 7. It was swept from low huckleberry bushes 
growing within 100 yards of the bay front one mile north of Dunedin. Both 
genus and species were founded (Can. Ent., 1916, 92) on a unique taken at 
Dunedin. 


Ora texana Champ. Two specimens of this Dascyllid were taken at 
Dunedin Feb. 6 by beating a bunch of Spanish moss in which they were hibernat- 
ing. It is the Scirtes troberti of Horn,“ nec. Guer. and has been recorded before 
only from Louisiana and Texas, though known to Schwarz from Crescent City 
and Cape Malabar, Florida. 


Melanotus parallelus, sp. nov. 


Elongate and slender for the genus. Dark chestnut brown; antenna, legs 
and last two ventral segments, pale reddish-brown; basal margin of elytra 
brighter reddish-brown. Antenne slender, slightly longer than head and 
thorax, second joint subglobose, less than half the length of third, the latter 
nearly as long as, but much more slender than fourth. Clypeus flat, its disk 
coarsely and densely punctured, front margin very broadly rounded. Thorax 
one-half longer than wide, its sides straight and parallel from the tips of the 
long, acute hind angles almost to apex; disk rather finely and sparse:y punctate, | 
the punctures at middle separated by twice or more their own diameters, on 
sides distinctly closer, each puncture bearing a long, grayish-white prostrate 
hair. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, thence faintly but evidently and 
evenly tapering to apex: disc with rows of close-set rather coarse punctures; 
intervals slightly wider than the rows of punctures, each with two rows of very 
fine alternating punctures, each of which bears a long, prostrate whitish hair. 
Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, the last segment with more numerous 
and coarser aciculate punctures. Length 8.7-9.5 mm. 

9. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX XVI, 1910, 124. 

10. This is probably the Carpophilus humeralis Murry, mentioned by Leng (Journ. N.Y. 
Entom. Soc., XXVI, 1918, 205) as having been introduced at Oneca, Fla, If so Fall’s name is 


a synonym. 
11. Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc., VIII, 102, pl, 1, fig. 15° 








46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


This is apparentiy a common winter Melanoius in Florida, having been 
taken by me at Ormond, Sanford and Dunedin, Feb. 27—Apr. 15. About 
Dunedin it occurs especially in early spring on the tall scurfy Ericad, Xolisma 
ferruginea Walt. which grows in clumps in very dry, sandy spots. It is espe- 
cially notable for the long, parallel-sided thorax and peculiar punctuation of the 
last ventral. 


Melanotus perplexus, sp. nov. 


Size medium, form moderately slender. Occiput, ap‘cal third of thorax, 
elytral suture and under surface dark chestnut-brown; basal portion of thorax 
and elytra except suture, reddish-brown; antenne and legs pale brown. Antenne 
stout, strongly serrate, reaching basal third of abdomen, joints one and two 
very short, subequal, subglobose, the two united less than half the length of 
fourth, the latter slightly longer than fifth. Clypeus densely and coarsely 
punctate, feebly concave, its front margin narrowly rounded. Thorax but 
slightly longer than wide, the centre of its disk notably convex, widest at middle, 
the sides evidently but not strongly curved; hind angles short, feebly divergent; 
disk finely, evenly and rather closely punctate; basal third strongly declivent, 
the concavity between base of thorax and that of elytra very deep and long. 
Elytra at base as wide as middle of thorax, thence very feebly narrowing to 
the rather bluntly rounded apex; striz distinctly impressed, their punctures 
round, close-set; intervals as wide as the stria, each with two irregular rows of 
minute punctures each bearing a very fine, short, white prostrate hair. Abdo- 
men finely and rather closely punctate, the last two segments both densely 
punctate and pubescent. Length of body 8-8.2 mm. 


Dunedin, Fla., June 10, July 5, two specimens taken at light. The colour 
and short, convex thorax with large, deep basal concavity are the distinguishing 
features of this species. 


Taphrocerus puncticollis Schwarz. I find that I have heretofore erron- 
eously identified this species. It is our largest member of the genus, 5 to 6 
mm. in length, bluish-black, the elytra without, or with very faint, pubescent 
patches, their surface more or less rugose and with strial punctures somewhat 
confused. A half dozen specimens were taken near Lakeland, Feb. 16, from 
between the leaf-sheaths and clumps of a saw-grass growing in clumps along the 
margin of a lake. 


Trichodes apivorus trifasciatus Sturm. A specimen of this large and 
handsome Clerid, taken at Gainesville May 23, is at hand. It was sent re by 
P. W. Fattig. The species is listed by Schwarz as ‘‘very rare’’ in Florida. 


Hydnocera verticalis Say. A variety of this well-known northern form, 
having the thorax with only narrow lateral and median stripes piceous: head 
and elytra wholly pale or the former with a faint fuscous blotch on occiput, 
occurs in Florida. A specimen was beaten from Spanish moss at Lakeland, and 
another is at hand from Lake City The species has not before been noted 
definitely from Florida. 

(To be continued.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 47 


RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. 
(Continued from p. 24.) 
From LE NaTURALISTE CANADIEN :— 

Odonates des environs de Saint Alexandre, Ironside, P.Q. By L. M. Stohr. 
Vol. XLV, No. 6, Dec., 1918, pp. 81-85. Forty-one species are recorded, of 
which five are new to the Province of Quebec. . 

Un probleme entomologique. (Editorial.) Vol. XLV, No. 8, Févriar, 1919, 
pp. 116-117. Records the capture of the noctuid moth, Stretchia plusieformis 
Hy. Edw. at Chicoutimi, a species otherwise known only from western North 
America. 

La guerre aux coquerelles. By P. Fontanel, S. J. Vol. XLV, Dec., 1918, 
pp. 86-93; Jan., 1919, pp. 104-110; Fév., 1919, pp. 117-126. The habits and 
methods of destroying cockroaches are described, including formule for various 
insecticides. 

Les Coleoptéres du Canada. By J. I. Beaulne. Vol. XLV, Nov., 1918, 
pp. 76-79; Dec., 1918, pp. 98-95; Jan., 1919, pp. 104-110; Fév., 1919, pp. 117— 
126; Mar., 1919, pp. 140-1438; Avr., 1919, pp. 157-160; Mai, 1919, pp. 173-175; 
Juin, 1919, pp. 186-191; Vol. XLVI, Aofit, 1919, pp, 45-48; Sept., 1919, pp, 
69-72; Oct., 1919, pp. 94-96; Nov. 1919, pp. 117-120. These parts deal with 
the Hydrophilide, Silphidae, Scydmaenidae and Pselaphidae. 

La protection des plantes chez les Romans. By Georges Maheux. Vol. 
XLV, No. 10, April, 1919. An interesting paper, describing the methods 
employed by the Romans in combatting the ravages of insect enemies of culti- 
vated plants, including cereals, vegetables and fruit trees. 

La Lycie vulgaire. By J. C. Chapais. Vol. XLVI, No. 2, pp. 22-27. 
Notes on the habits, life history, and protective mimicry in the geometrid 
moth, Lycia cognataria Guénée. 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF British COoLUMBIA.—Feb., 

1918. No. 12. Systematic Series. Victoria, 1919. 

This report of 39 pages contains the following papers and addresses: 

Presidential Address—By FE. H. Blackmore. Pp. 5-9. Contains brief 
accounts of the work.of the more active members of the Society. 

Life-history of the Leaf-eating Crane-fly Cylindrotoma splendens, Doane 
(Tipulide, Diptera) —By Alfred E. Cameron. Pp. 9-12; 1 pl. An interesting 
account of the life-history of this peculiar crane-fly, whose larva, unlike those 
of most Tipulidae, feeds upon the leaves of various plants, both terrestrial 
and aquatic, and is protected by its green colour and habit of dropping to the 
ground when disturbed. 

Reared adults copulated in captivity soon after emergence, and eggs were 
deposited on the undersides of the leaves of potted plants of the false bugbane 
(Trauivetteria grandis). These were reared through to the adult stage. De- 
scriptive notes are given of these stages, the peculiar structure and function of 
the ovipositor, and other features of the life-history. Detailed descriptions of 
the egg, larva and pupa of this insect appeared in the Annals of the Entomo- 
logical Society of America, vol. 

Notes on a Collection of Hemiptera.—By W. Downes. Pp. 13-16. This 
paper is an annotated list of Homopterous insects of the families Cicadide, 


48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Cercopide, Membracide, Cicadellidea and Fulgoride, taken chiefly by the author 
in the vicinity of Victoria and on the Saanich Peninsula to the north of the city, 
though a few were collected in the Okanagan District. Dates of capture 
are given for nearly all the species. The list numbers 61 species, and as little 
is known of the Hemiptera of British Columbia it is a welcome contribution 
to our knowledge of the subject. 

A Revision of the British Columbia Species of the Geometrid Genus Hydrio- 
mena Hub.—By E.H. Blackmore. Pp. 18-26. This paper gives a brief review of 
recent work on this genus, leading up to its present clearly defined status; fol- 
lowed by notes on the characters of recently-described species from British 
Columbia, with particular reference to the form of the uncus. Figures of this 
structure are given for 16 species and varieties. Of the 68 species described 
from North America north of Mexico 20 have been taken in British Columbia, 
and 18 of these are reported from Vancouver Island. The paper concludes 
with a complete list of the British Columbian species. 

Notes on the Aeolothripide.—By R. C. Treherne. Pp. 27-33. A valuable 
synopsis of this family, which is the most generalized of the order Thysanoptera. 
Notes on the taxonomic position of the family are followed by keys to the sub- 
families, genera and species. There are 7 genera and 16 species discussed, 9 
of the latter belonging to the genus Aeolothrips. Characters other than those 
of the wings are used, on account of the occurrence of brachypterous forms in 
some of the species. Antennal and wing characters of the species of this genus 
are illustrated. Unfortunately there are no references to distribution of the species. 

Three Years Collecting in the Lillooet District—By A. W. A. Phair. Pp. 
34-36. Describes a collecting trip to the summit of Mount McLean with the 
main object of capturing Oeneis beani, in which the author was successful. On 
this and subsequent trips a number of other interesting alpine Lepidoptera 
were taken. The mountain is described as a remarkably rich collecting ground 
and is easily reached from the town of Lillooet. 

Natural Control Investigations in British Columbia.—By John D. Tothill. 
Pp. 37-89. Mr. Tothill, whose work on the natural control of the Forest Tent 
Caterpillar and the Fall Webworm in New Brunswick is well known, investi- 
gated these insects in the West in 1918. The Forest Tent Caterpillar was studied 
at Red Deer, Alberta, where a serious outbreak has been in force for three years, 
and in the Lower Fraser Valley, where conditions are unfavorable for the insect. 
In the former locality the parasites which usually serve to bring this insect 
under control, were not found, but in the Fraser Valley and on the lower end of 
Vancouver Island these parasites were present in numbers, preying upon the 
Western Tent (VM. pluvialis); and the author suggests that it would be well 
worth while to collect these for liberation at Red Deer. 

An undescribed Tachinid related to Compsilura is the most important 
factor in the control of the Fall Webworm in British Columbia, and attempts 
will be made to introduce it into the region east of Winnipeg. 

The mite Hemisarcopies malus, the most important single factor in the 
control of the Oyster Scale in the Eastern Provinces, but which has been un- 
known in British Columbia, has been liberated at several points in this Province, 
and will be kept under observation for the next few years, 

~ Mailed February 28th, 1920 


" 


4D 





CAN. ENT., VOL. LII. PEATE I 





10 


PHYCIODES BATESI REAK., AND P. THAROS DRURY: 
(See p. 59). 


Che Canadian Entomologist 








Vot. LIT. LONDON, MARCH, 1920. No. 3 








POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
A SOLDIER’S COLLECTING DAY IN FRANCE. 


BY RICHARD T. GARNETT, 
Oakland, California. 


We were stationed away back of the lines but when they were putting 
over a big drive we were busy handling supplies, so that I was not sorry when a 
lull came that allowed me a day off. 

I was stationed in the heart of Burgundy at Beaune, near the edge of the 
little range of hills known as the Cote d’Or. Here the forest-covered hills come 
down to meet the town, and it was to these hills that I made my way on this 
particular morning. 

I had hardly started out the Faubourg when what should I find sitting on 
the sidewalk but a splendid specimen of Lamia textor Linné. This longicorn 
resented my grasping propensities very much and tried his best to bite a piece 
from my thumb. A little more and the town Octroi or limits was past, and 
on turning over a stone a fine large specimen of Carabus coriaceus Linné was 
acquired. In like manner under a neighbouring rock were picked up three more 
of the same and two Carabus violaceus Linné. Decidedly the species were well 
known, but they had charm for me as it was a new hunting ground. Carabus 
auratus was soon added to my list of discoveries, and it was not long and I had 
a fair series of each. A little further on I came to an apple tree with a little 
fruit on it. In response to a hearty shake of the tree I was rewarded by several 
hundred lively specimens of Melolontha vulgaris Linné, who ‘‘possumed’”’ dead 
long enough for me to gather all I wanted, and then took wing. The leaves of 
this tree I found on closer examination were in a sad state of dilapidation due 
to these ravenous Scarabs. 

A little bit further on I found several Cefonia aurata Linné, and a great 
many Ceionia hirtella Linné upon the flowers of mustard. A rose in a nearby 
garden yielded from its heart a Trichius fasciatus Linné. A few stones on the 
hillside yielded several specimens of Pterostichus vulgaris Linné, and a little 
further on a single rock provided cover for at least thirty specimens of that 
pretty little Bombardier, Brachynus plagiatus Reiche. Continuing this sort of 
collecting I soon added some more Carabus auratus Linné to the bag as well as 
several Abax ater Vill. and A. parallelus Dftsch. 

On coming to a fallen log in a moist condition I removed from their snug 
position beneath the bark a series of Uleiota (Brontes) planata Linné, and several 
Hispella atra Linné. A little further on some manure yielded a pair of Geotrupes 
sylvaticus Panz. and one G. stercorarius Linné as well as several Staphylinide 
unknown to me. A little further on I captured as it ran along on the edge of a 
pine grove a fine specimen of Carabus marginalis Rz, a very lively and speedy 
runner. This pine grove was exceptionally well cared for, all fallen limbs and 


49 


50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


undergrowth being kept cleared out, so that outside of a few specimens of 
Carabide I got nothing there for my pains. 

A little further on beneath a very old log my patience was rewarded by 
three specimens of Lucanus cervus var. capra—the variety with the short mandi- 
bles in the male. I later took the typical form, ZL. cervus Linné flying at dusk 
in the outskirts of Paris. Both of these latter I took at the same place exactly, 
the female one evening and the male the following evening. Both were on 
the wing, and I was attracted by their buzzing flight. 

But to continue my history of this my first day in a new field, I proceeded 
on until mid-afternoon finding many old friends in a live condition more in- 
teresting than they had been in my collection. Everywhere on the deciduous 
trees were to be found swarms of Melolontha vulgaris and an unknown little 
weevil which also defoliated. I was just putting a pair of Clivinia fossor Linné 
into my vial when I noticed that the sun was low, and as I had to be on duty 
again at seven that evening it behooved me to hurry a little and return. 

Thus closed my first experience in a strange land, gud how I gloated over 
them when I packed them away that evening. 








A REMARKABLE CASE OF HOMING INSTINCT. -(HYMEN.)* 


BGAN? AINSELE, 
Bureau of Entomology, Sioux City, Iowa. 


August 31, 1919, was hot, dry, dusty and windy in Mandan, North Dakota, 
where the writer was spending the day. The wind was from the west, gusty, 
and at times almost reached the velocity of a gale. 

Late in the afternoon as the writer was returning from a stroll, a flash o- 
green from the grass beside the walk attracted his attention. <A brief investi- 
gation disclosed the fact that a lady Sphex (or Ammophila)* had secured a 
green lepidopterous larva more bulky than herself and was trundling along 
with her prey swung beneath her body, one end of the larva being held in a 
firm grip by her jaws, the other supported in some manner by her legs. Its 
weight was clearly greater than that of the wasp herself, but she was evidently 
fresh and moved quite briskly at first. 

She came out almost at once upon the cement. walk that was being swept 
by the wind. When she felt its force she adopted the policy of least resistance 
and drifted before it for at least twenty feet eastward, running, walking and 
hopping in an effort/to maintain her balance. For the time she was helpless. 
Finally she hove to and headed directly into the wind, going due west. Her 
progress was of course slow, but she persisted and managed to struggle along 
for a distance of about fifty feet, with occasional pauses for rest. 

During this journey her prey must have shown signs of returning animation 
for at one point she stopped, adjusted her burden and, arching her slender 
waist, aimed her ridiculous little bulb of an abdomen directly downward. A 
few swift stings reduced her helpless victim to absolute submission, and during 
the remainder of the performance she had no more trouble of this sort. 

After moving nearly fifty feet directly into the wind she seemed to realize 











_*Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture. 
*Determined by Dr. H. T. Fernald, of Amherst, Mass., as Sphex vulgarts. 
March, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ay! 


something wrong and wheeling about went careering down the walk, driven 
by the breeze to the east. She slowed up as much as she was able, but just 
as she reached her former turning point an unkind gust struck and upset her, 
compelling her to let go of the worm while she struggled to her feet. The worm 
was carried half a yard beyond her and left in plain sight on the walk. She was 
bewildered for a few moments, then began an agitated search for the lost 
prize. Her eyesight was evidently of little use, for at first she walked about in 
an aimless manner but was soon travelling in circles like a dog locating a scent. 
As this produced no results she rose to wing and sailed above the walk, her long 
legs just trailing the surface of the cement as she flew. The circles gradually 
grew larger and she varied flying with running, always keeping close to the 
surface. The search appeared to be hopeless when all at once, in one of her 
wider sweeps, she managed to stumble across the outstretched worm. Instantly 
she straddled it, grasped it with her jaws and again headed west into the wind. 
Just why she spent so much valuable time chasing up and down this walk will 
always remain a mystery for, as subsequent history shows, she was merely 
wasting time and getting nowhere. But the facts are recorded as they occurred. 

This excursion took her fully seventy-five feet into the wind, and she walked, 
hopped, ran and flew in short flights as if in haste to arrive somewhere. At 
brief intervals a short rest was taken, for the muscular exertion must have been 
tremendous in the teeth of the gusty wind with the load she was carrying. 

Once more, and for the last time, she turned squarely about and headed 
east. She blew along in spasmodic fashion, now fast, now slow, seldom pausing 
even for an instant. At times she would run headlong for a yard or more, her 
abdomen held high in air and her long legs racing. Then she would make leaps 
of a foot or more, several in succession, then perhaps drag herself wearily along 
for a few steps as if tired out. For a hundred feet she drove with the wind to 
the east. Then, in some unknown way she got her bearings and turned directly 
into the grass lawn, moving south. This was really the most trying part of her 
entire trip, for although she was out of the wind she was at once involved in a 
jungle of tangled, close-clipped grass tufts through which she had to thread 
her way. Necessarily her route was far from being an air line since she had to 
accommodate herself to the surface obstructions and go around where she could 
not go through. This fact of itself must have embarassed her in finding her 
destination, at least a human, like you or I, would undoubtedly have lost our 
way under similar conditions. But she kept steadily on, followed as closely 
by the writer as was deemed wise, although she appeared oblivious of his presence 
during the entire episode. 

During her lawn journey she was first in the shade of one house, then 
of a second. Each time she emerged from the shade she topped and stretched 
herself in the grateful warmth before continuing. The second time she did 
this she released her victim and walked away a few steps. Returning, she almost 
immediately straddled the prize to pick it up but had evidently made the mis- 
take of changing ends, for she promptly reversed her position and then seemed 
satished. Up to now she had been going mainly south but all at once changed 
her course and went southwest as if she were steering by some invisible star, 
and from that time until she reached her destination, held consistently on this 
new quarter. The vicious wind that blew directly across her line of march 


~ 


52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


precluded any theory of scent affording any aid to the wasp in reaching her bur- 
row, and she certainly could see no landmark to assist her in steering her way. 

Once an active grasshopper came bounding across her path and forced a 
change en route, a detour of a few inches. Later, another hopper, sitting in 
the grass near her route caught sight of her as she toiled toward him. With 
baleful eyes he glared at her, swung slowly about as she came closer and just 
as she passed him made a short, spiteful spring directly at her, giving her a 
violent kick and upsetting her completely. It was coarse comedy on his part, 
but might have proved tragedy for her. She meekly righted herself and trudged 
steadily on. Still further along, another wasp of the same species as herself 
crossed her track at right angles just ahead of her. She saw the newcomer, 
stopped short and flattened herself to the ground for a few seconds until her 
fellow raider had passed on. 

At last, after crossing two lawns, two concrete walks leading to the houses 
she had passed, and going some distance into a third lawn, making fully one 
hundred feet of grass travel, she swung sharply at right angles and made a 
rapid run of about two inches. She was all animation now, dropped her load, 
jumped forward and seized in her jaws a pebble that lay before her. Its removal 
disclosed an opening in the earth down which she instantly plunged, to reappear 
almost as suddenly. The worm was grasped and dragged beneath the surtace 
quickly. Twice more she came to the top and, sad as it seems, was captured 
the last time for the writer’s cabinet. 

This wasp with her heavy load had travelled in all more than 300 feet, 
had apparently lost her way at first yet had in some mysterious manner suc- 
ceeded in steering herself with uncanny accuracy to her destination. How did 
she do it? It is possible but not probable that she had already been over the 
same route on foot and was merely following her own scent. But she appeared 
to enter the lawn in a haphazard manner, and any well-laid plans she may have 
had must have been much interfered with by the annoying wind as well as by 
the unexpected obstacles she encountered along the way. The mouth of her 
burrow was many feet from any prominent object that might have served as a 
landmark to guide her, and for nearly half an hour she was involved in a grass 
forest from which she could have seen but little of the outside world. All the 
while she acted as if absorbed in the petty details of the journey, but she must, 
in spite of this, have been feeling her way in some exceedingly definite direction 
and this super-sense, call it instinct or what you will, brought her to precisely 
the right spot. 

These facts are a transcript of notes that were continuously recorded while 
following the wasp, and are neither coloured nor altered to make a good story. 





At the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science, held at St. Louis, the Council unanimously elected Dr. C. J]. 5S. 
Bethune, Professor of Entomology at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, 
a Fellow Emeritus “‘in recognition of his long and faithful membership.” 

Dr. Bethune has also been made an Honorary Life Member of the American 
Association of Economic Entomologists ‘‘because of his long membership in 
the Association and as a slight token of its appreciation of his work in Ento- 
mology.’ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 53 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORE COMMON APHIDOPHAGOUS 
SYRPHID FEIES:,..(DIPT.). 


BY C. HOWARD CURRAN, 
Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Vineland Station, Ontario. 


During 1913 at Guelph, 1914 at Orillia, and 1915 and 1919 at Vineland, 
the immature stages of many species of Syrphidze, but more especially the 
aphidophagous or aphid-eating forms, have been studied by the author. As 
the study of these flies is of considerable interest to the fruit grower and gardener, 
owing to their beneficial habits, the observations made chiefly concern such 
species as were found to be of the greatest economic importance 

Species belonging to four genera, Syrphus, Allograpta, Spherophoria, and 
Paragus have been especially studied with the view of obtaining information 
as to their importance in the natural control of aphids injurious to farm crops. 
No suggestion is made here that any one species is of greater importance than 
another, although it is quite evident that the species discussed are of more 
importance than others, due to the fact that they are, for the most part, very 
common. 

It has been found that Syrphid larve of all species are more or less heavily 
parasitized, some years much more severely than others. During 1919 parasites 
were over twice as numerous as during 1915. 

Difficulties occur in the study of these larva, such as the almost complete 
absence of food at some periods of the year. Thus, during the past season, 
Syrphid larve were particularly numerous on small aphid colonies early in the 
summer, but it was found to be impossible to secure sufficient aphids for food, 
as some species cannot thrive, except on a particular type of aphid. But during 
the early part of the past season even general feeders, such as Syrphus ameri- 
canus, could not be reared successfully. 

The eggs of aphidophagous Syrphide are laid singly on the leaves or stems 
of plants, either in or near an aphid colony. They are creamy-white, but in 
many cases become grayish after one or two days. They vary in size according 
to the size of the fly. 

The larve are more or less flattened beneath, without true legs, and often 
with fleshy, spine-like protuberances. They vary in shape, colour, size and 
convexity, according to species. 

The pupz of our common species resemble each other to a considerable 
extent. Pupation, however, may take place either in the soil, or on the plant. 
In one case, at least, it occurs in either place. 

The more important species are dealt with regarding their feeding habits 
and abundance. 


Allograpta obliqua Say. This is one of our most common syrphus flies 
and is common during the whole season, from May until October. 
The larva is a very general feeder, having been found during the past season 
- on Aphis brassice, A. rumicis, A. cardui, A. pomi, A. gossypii, Myzus cerasi, 
Macrosiphum, sp. on wild lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) and Macrosiphum sp. 
on wild aster (Aster spp.). 
On all hosts except Aphis pomi this species was very abundant. In the 
March, 1920 


54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


case of 4. pomi the aphids were usually too much exposed to the direct rays of 
the sun to afford the shelter required by syrphid larvae. On M. cerasi and A. 
brassice it was exceedingly common and a very important check. About 50% 
of the larve were parasitized during last year. 


Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say. An exceedingly common species, found 
in abundance from early May to early November. The larva is a general feeder, 
but prefers aphids found on low-growing plants. It and the larva of A. obliqua 
are very similar, and without close examination are ordinarily considered as 
the same species. They are found on the same plants as the preceding, and 
the remarks on that species apply here also. 


Syrphus americanus Wiedemann. Is a well-known member of the 
family. It is common in orchards and gardens, especially where plants are 
infested with aphids. During 1919 the larve were found feeing on Aphis 
brassice, A. rumicis, A. cardui, A. pomi, A. gossypi1, Macrosiphum sp. on wild 
lettuce, and Myzus cerasi. ; 

The larvae are quite common on all the hosts mentioned above. It is of 
considerable economic importance as a check of aphids attacking cultivated 
plants and fruits. 

Syrphus ribesii Linné. Larve found attacking: Aphis  brassice, 
A. cardui, A. pomi (apple and pear). A. gossypu, A. viburnicola, Myzus cerast, 
Eriosoma lanigera, Macrosiphum pisi, and Macrosiphum sp. on wild lettuce. 

Syrphus ribesit is probably the best known member of the family, and is 
very common in orchards and gardens. Unfortunately this species and others 
are frequently mistaken for bees, and are often killed in mistake for such. It 
is probably the most important species in the orchard, where it occurs in moder-~ 
ately large numbers throughout the season from early May to November, 
attacking especially Aphis malifolie and A. pomi, and to some extent, the 
Woolly Aphis of the apple. It is the most common species attacking currant 
aphids, and is usually very common during October on Viburnum, where the 
larve attack the return migrants and sexual females of Aphis viburnicola and 
A. rumicis. 

The larve are also found in large numbers in vegetable gardens on cab- 
bages, etc., which are infested with aphids. They usually prefer well-shaded 
places, such as curled leaves or dense foliage, but are often found in more exposed 
positions. 


Syrphus torvus Zetterstedt. Is an extremely important species. Dur- 
ing the first warm days in spring the adults emerge and eggs are laid on the 
first colonies of aphids appearing on the shoots of various plants. The young 
larvee develop on clusters of stem mothers and often wipe out whole colonies. 
Again in the autumn it preys upon the return migrants and sexual females, in 
addition to living upon summer forms of aphids upon various plants. 


Paragus tibialis Fallen is rather common in Ontario. The larve are 
enemies of the pea aphis (Macrosiphum pisi), but I have observed them more 
frequently attacking Aphis cardui on thistle. 

Paragus bicolor Fabricius is similar in habits to the preceding, but is 
much less common. 


THE CANADIAN, ENTOMOLOGIST 55 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE NUMBER OF APHIDS DESTROYED BY SYRPHID LARV#. 


In order to obtain specific data on the number of Aphids destroyed by a 
single larva during the larval stage, newly-emerged larve were isolated on 
plants and a count kept of all aphids consumed. This was done by adding . 
fresh aphids each day, in the numbers likely to be eaten. No count was kept 
of the aphids which were born on the plants, but these would not be numerous. 
However, it may be taken for granted that the figures given in the accompanying 
table are slightly below the average, although they are the average of numerous 
experiments conducted. 


IMMATURE STAGES AND NUMBER APHIDS DESTROYED. 






































TABLE SHOWING DURATION OF 
| Average 
J ’ Total Average , 
Number Duration | Duration Duration Aphids Daily 
: , of of Egg of Larval of Pupal eaten by | Consump- 
Species Fxp'ts Stage Stage Stage one Larva tion 
Days Days Days 
Allograpia obliqua..... eo E ay “9 5-10 12-20 5-138 265 17 
Sphaerophoria cylindrica. ........2.0c.00000000 0000s 8 6-12 16-27 5-10 530 24 
Syrdius americanus..... Se he. 10 5-12 8-11 8-15 474 47 
SS HOVOUS 0c oss.) met. = —- 14-20 10-20 242 15 
2S PYG Rene 2 San 2 en St 8 Rane Sa aR OY DS en 8 6- 14-24 12-24 312 19 














Notre.—The larve were fed upon Aphis pomi and A. malifclie in these experiments. 


As shown by this table there is considerable variation, between species, 
in the total average number of aphids destroyed, and in the average daily con- 
sumption. 


It may be noted that the number of aphids eaten or destroyed by a larva 
will depend, to a great extent, upon the abundance of food and the size of the 
aphids. In the field it was found that where food was very plentiful, the larvee 
often killed two or three aphids in succession, but did not suck themdry. Also, 
in such cases, the larval and pupal stages appeared to be of shorter duration. 
As the development of the larva depends to a very great extent upon the 
abundance of food, it is safe to state that such abundance stimulates the insect 
to more rapid maturity. This fact was clearly demonstrated in the insectary, 
as the duration of both the larval and pupal stages was markedly shorter in 
cases where larvae were reared on aphid colonies, rather than upon a certain 
number of aphids per day. 


Again, the time of the year has a great effect upon the development of the 
larve. In warm weather growth is much more rapid. Larve feeding upon 
colonies of stem mothers are of more importance than those feeding upon sum- 
mer colonies, as the stem mothers are more productive, and their destruction 
means that for each one destroyed, possibly millions of aphids will not be brought 
into the world, as each stem mother is the progenitor of inestimable numbers. 


This brief outline of one phase of the work on the immature stages of 
Syrphide merely furnishes the basis for further extensive work. It might be 
pointed out that besides the determination of the economic value of the various 
species, considerable information on the systematic classification of the various 
species and genera is obtained from such investigations. 


56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


“NOTES ON THE ‘LIFE-HISTORY -OF PHYCIODES BATESI REAK. 
(LEPIDA 


BY J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D. 
Entemclogical Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. 


Phyciodes batesi Reak. is one of the specialties of the Ottawa district. Like 
Plebeius scudderi it extends eastward from Manitoba through northern Ontario 
into Quebec and thence down the White Mountains, Adirondacks and Alleghanies 
into Virginia; although widespread it is apparently, for some unknown reason, 
restricted to a few isolated localities; further intensive collecting may, however, 
show that it is more common than we think and that its apparent rarity is due to 
the fact that it has been confused with tharos. I first made its acquaintance 
in the spring of 1918 when visiting Ottawa for the purpose of arranging the 
National Collection of Lepidoptera; noticing local specimens of this species in 
the collection I enquired where they had been obtained, and learned from Mr. 
A. Gibson that the species was rather common at Queen’s Park, Aylmer, a 
summer resort about twelve miles up the Ottawa River and situated on the 
Quebec side. I was fortunate enough during the last week of May to obtain 
a good series of freshly emerged males, no females being obtained until nearly 
a week later, during the early part of June. The species was extremely local and 
frequented the lower dry slopes of a small ridge which at this point parallels 
the Canadian Pacific Railroad tracks; the area in question was adjacent to a 
wood but was itself rather open and covered with a miscellaneous growth of 
small bushes and plants among which a species of Aster with heart-shaped 
leaves was quite conspicuous. The same year stray specimens were taken at 
Chelsea, Que., on the Gatineau River, and other adjacent localities. but no- 
where, except at Aylmer, did the species appear in any numbers. 

This past spring (1919) batest was even more numerous than in 1918 at its 
haunts in Aylmer, and by confining several females in a glass jar containing 
plants of the above-mentioned A ster species I was successful in securing a large 
batch of eggs. I further discovered a colony of freshly emerged larve on the 
same food plant at Aylmer. The ova laid in confinement on June 7th hatched 
on June 1§th; the first pupa formed on July 14th and emerged on July 22nd, 
the remaining larve pupating during the following fortnight and emerging in 
«jue course, the last date of emergence being August 10th. Of the batch of young 
larve found in the open only about one-third fed up, pupated and reached the 
adult stage; the remainder stopped feeding after the third moult and remained 
quiescent in some secluded corner, evidently preparing for hibernation. It 
seems evident, therefore, that under natural conditions batesi (in the Ottawa 
region at least) is normally single-brooded with a partial second generation 
occurring under favourable conditions. That the ova laid in confinement all 
produced adults in the same year 1s probably due to the fact that shortly after 
being deposited they were subjected to intense heat, the jar in which they 
‘were contained having been left for a whole morning in a very hot sun. 

As is only natural, the larve of bates are very closely allied to those of 
tharos; in one feature, however, they appear to show a distinct difference, viz., 
that in their early stages, up to the third moult, they live gregariously on the 





*Contributed from Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 
March, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a7 


underside of the leaf in a fine web, whereas Scudder emphatically states of 
tharos (Butt. New Eng. I, p. 637) that ‘‘not the slightest web of any kind is spun.” 
With regard to the adults they are, in the male sex at least, quite readily separ- 
able from tharos; apart from the fact that they appear at least ten days earlier 
on the wing than tharos in this vicinity, the narrowness of the orange-banding 
on the upper side of both primaries and secondaries is quite characteristic; a 
comparison of our figures 2 and 6 will show that in batesi the first extra- discal 
row of spots is well separated by the black ground colour from the following 
series of spots, whilst in tharos, especially on the secondaries, there is a strong 
tendency for the two rows to coalesce; in batesi this same inner row of spots 
on the primaries is distinctly paler in colouration than the remaining orange 
spots, a feature which, to my mind, throws the species into the campestris— 
camillus group, in fact, I have little doubt that batesi is the eastern representa- 
tive of the West Coast campestris. On the underside of secondaries the male 
of batest almost entirely lacks the dark semicircular patch so characteristic of 
tharos (vide figs. 4 and 5). In the female all these points of distinction fail 
to a greater or less degree and individual specimens are often extremely difficult 
to place correctly. Up to the present time nothing regarding the life-history 
has, to my knowledge, been published: I therefore append a more detailed ac- 
count of the various stages. 

Ovum.—Very similar to that of tharos (according to Scudder’s description) ; 
pale green, conical, with truncate apex, base slightly rounded. The lower half 
of the sides and the base covered with numerous small, slightly depressed, 
hexagonal cells; upper half with about twenty vertical ribs, slightly raised. 
Surface of the truncate apical portion very faintly reticulate, almost smooth 
Height .66 mm., width of apex .2 mm. Greatest width (at about 1/3 height), 
mm. 

Larva.—Stage I. Head black-brown, broader than first segment, with 
lobes well rounded and divided posteriorly; hairs short, whitish. Body pale 
ochreous (greenish after feeding) with long, single, whitish hairs arising from 
minute tubercles. Prothoracic plate slightly darker than surrounding integu- 
ment, broad, lunate posteriorly, with the lateral anterior edges forming a slight 
angle centrally at their junction point. Along the anterior margin six hairs 
overhang the head, three on each side of the centro-dorsal line; subdorsally on 
the posterior margin are two additional hairs. On the abdominal segments 
tubercle I is situated subdorsally about the centre of the segment; its long white 
seta is inclined forward. Tubercle II is well laterad to I and near the posterior 
margin of the segment; its seta is very short and points slightly backward. 
Tubercle III, situated centrally on the segment, bears a long hair similar to I, 
curving outward and forward; IV is slightly nearer the posterior margin of 
segment than III, V is in line with III, each with a fine white seta, directed 
outward; VI and VII represented by single hairs near the base of prolegs. In 
late stages of this instar the incipient spines of the following instar may be seen 
as large round disks which do not coincide in position with the primary tubercles. 
Length 2 mm. 

Stage II. Head black, small, with rather sparse long hair. Body pale 
‘ochreous with greenish tinge. The primary tubercles have disappeared and 
the customary spines are now present. Prothorax without spines but with 


58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


well-developed dorsal plate containing six long, black hairs on anterior margin, 
overhanging the head, and two hairs on the posterior margin; several very short 
secondary hairs are also interspersed; laterally, on prothorax, a small hair 
ventrad to the plate and a raised tubercle with central long hair and several 
short ones on the lateral flange. Extending from the first abdominal segment 
is a centro-dorsal row of spines, each spine with terminal long hair and about 
seven others at various heights on it, decreasing in size as base of spine is ap- 
proached. A subdorsal row of spines extends over all the segments bu: the 
prothorax, the spines being noticeably larger on thoracic segments, each with 
terminal hair and 11-14 others between apex and base: a similar supra-spiracular 
row is present with rather fewer hairs on each spine; a subspiracular row is iound 
on abdominal segments only, being represented on the thoracic segments by 
two small hairs. <A tuft of hairs placed on a small tubercle is found at the 
base of the legs and prolegs. The length of the spines is about equal to the 
width of the segments. Length 314 mm. 

Stage III. Head black-brown, with pale front (clypeus) and mouth parts; 
the apex of each cheek (epicranium) is well rounded and the central suture 
deep; on each lobe a pale stripe is present extending downward from apex to a 
point midway between mouth parts and apex. Body green, with very prominent 
white spines thickly covered with black-brown hair; the supra-spiracular spine 
is preceded by a lunate patch of brown at its base, best defined on the posterior 
segments. In late stages the dorsal and lateral lines turn dirty brown and a 
pale subdorsal line crossing the spines is evident. Length 4!4 mm. 

Stage IV. Head as in preceding stage. Body varying in colour from 
deep muddy brown to pale greenish brown with rather broad subdorsal and 
subspiracular creamy lines. Spines paler than the integument, thickly covered 
with brown hairs. At times the dorsal area is distinctly paler than the lateral 
area between the subdorsal line and the spiracle and generally the spiracular 
area is paler than the preceding lateral rows. Distinct tubercles are present 
along the anterior edge of the prothorax. Length 6 mm. 

Stage V. Head black; apical two-thirds of front (clypeus), a streak across 
the clypeus, a semicircular area extending on cheeks from palpi around and 
above the eyes, and a vertical band from apex of cheeks to centre of same, white. 
Eyes white, situated on a black patch. Body deep purple-brown, the spines 
generally somewhat paler, arising from a white base; at times the supra-spiracular 
row is deeper in colour than the integument. Over the whole surface minute 
white spots are scattered, most numerous in the spiracular area, giving the 
appearance of a broad, pale, spiracular band; a pale subdorsal line, a faint 
supra-spiracular one and a very distinct subspiracular one; in late stages traces 
of orange at the bases of the subdorsal spines appear. Length 10 mm. 

Stage VI. Head as in preceding stage, the extent of the lateral white 
area at base of cheeks rather variable. Body much as before with narrow, 
well-defined, pale yellow, subdorsal and broader subspiracular bands. Spines 
arising from a pale base and with white tip; hairs black-brown. Spiracle black; 
legs black; crotchets of prolegs arranged in a double row. Length 21 mm. 

Pupa.—(Figs. 8-10). Ground colour pale creamy, but so thickly veined 
with brown and purplish as to appear superficially pale brown with whitish 
shadings. Shape much as in Scudder’s figure of P. tharos; apex slightly truncate, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 59 


the lateral edges above the eyes pointed. Mesothorax crossed by an oblique 
lateral ridge terminating in a small tubercle representing the subdorsal spine 
of the larval stage; wing sheaths in the thoracic area bordered by a sharp irregular 
ridge. Transverse ridges cross the dorsal anterior portion of abdominal seg- 
ments I\V—VII, the spines of the larval stage being marked on them by small 
tubercles; remaining segments with dorsal and subdorsal rows of small warts, 
distinctly orange-tinged. Spiracles pale orange. In the intersegmental area traces 
of the subdorsal and subspiracular lines of the larva may be found, but these are 
not distinguishable on the general surface of the pupa. Wing sheaths with the 
brown veining forming more or less dark patches centrally near the antennal 
sheath and at the apex, adjoining abdominal segments I-III]; an apical double 
row of raised white dots, about 1 mm. apart. Antennal sheath purplish with a 
row of raised white dots extending the entire length. Width of truncate apex 
21, mm. Length from apex to cremaster abdominally 10 mm. Width of 
mesothorax 3!4, mm. Breadth at apex of wing cases 41/4, mm. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. 


Fig. 1.—Phyciodes batesi Reak, 2 

Fig. 2.— i“ ‘ ek 

Fig. 3.— iy ‘¢ 4 2, underside. 
Fig. 4.— ‘3 ‘ a d, % 

Fig. 5.— ‘ tharos Drury, &, a. 

Sy Ee eect ei 
ee ee ey re oe ce 

Fig. 8.—Pupa of Phyciodes batesi, dorsal view. 
Rig. 9— “** % ‘“ lateral view. 
Fis. 10. ia ‘“ ventral view. 





BWO. NEW SPECIES OF PLATY:CAMPUS— 
(HYMENOPTERA TENTHREDINIDA®).* 


BY ALEX. D. MaCGILLIVRAY, 
University of Illinois, Urbana, II. 

The genus Platycampus contains four species, americanus Marlatt from 
New York and New Hampshire and three western species, smiihi Rohwer and 
albostigmus Rohwer from Colorado and juniperi Rohwer from New Mexico. 
To these are now added another species from New Mexico and one from British 
Columbia. The following table, in which the species of Rohwer are placed 
from his descriptions, will serve for their discrimination :— 


a. Head and thorax wholly or in great part reddish-yellow 
b. Clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate, almost truncate. 
c. Head wholly or for the most part reddish-yellow 
d. Frontal crest strongly notched at middle; median fovea shallow, 
walls sloping; ocellar basin with rounded walls; antennal seg- 
ments enlarged at distal end, third segment longest; stigma 
broad, not strongly tapering to distal end; colour reddish-yellow 


with the following parts white: clypeus, labrum, mandibles, 


*Contributions from the Entomolagical Labcratories of the University of Illinois, No. 63. 
March, 1920 








CC. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


cheeks, and tegule in part; with the following parts black: first 
and second and part of third antennal segment above, eyes, 
ocelli, spot on lateral lobes, suture between mesonotum and 
mesoscutellum, metanotum, postscutellum, middle of basal 
plates, proximal part of metacoxe, a spot above, and saw-guides; 
wings with veins pale brown, costa and stigma 
Nye OOTACO.. 2.0.02... Mede oekaki ee eee albostigmus Rohwer. 
dd. Frontal crest entire, not notched, large and prominent; median 
fovea broad and shallow; ocellar basin sharply limited, walls 
rounded; antennal segments enlarged at the distal end, the 
third and fourth segments subequal; stigma long, the caudal 
margin broadly convex; saw-guides retracted ‘and concealed, 
distal end bluntly pointed; colour reddish-yellow with the sutures 
of the thorax in part and the central area of the mesosternum 
black.—Cloudcroft, New Mexico; H. L. Viereck, 
COME CHO ceices eet is ee. ee Rtn Pa ae ME ea a Coat vierecki, n. sp. 

Gc: Head wholly black; median fovea shallow, traingular; ocellar basin 
almost wanting; antenne with the third and fourth segments 
subequal; stigma broad, rounded on the caudal margin, broadest 
at proximal end; saw-guides broad, apex truncate, the lower 
margin oblique; colour reddish-yellow with the following parts 
black: the head, antennz, spots on the lateral lobes of the meso- 
notum, the metanotum, the pectus, the legs, and saw-guides; 
labrum and four cephalic tibia and tarsi brownish.—New Mexico. 
—Bred from larve on Juniperus............26.0..5.0005, junipert Rohwer. 

Clypeus deeply emarginate; stigma wholly or part yellowish hyaline; 
antenne black above or wholly black. 

c: Median fovea broad, comparatively deep, sides oblique; frontal 
crest strong, hardly notched; ocellar basin a rounded depression 
with rounded lateral walls, connecting with ccellar furrow; 
antennal segments three and four subequal; saw-guides pointed, 
the upper margin straight, the ventral margin slightly convex; 
colour reddish-yellow with the sutures of the thorax in part 
and the scutellum and the metathoracic pleure sometimes, 
black; the antenne blackish or brown above; coloration ex- _ 
tremely variable—New Hampshire, New York.—Larva feeds 
UH TOTTI 876) 8) FV SNe aeety ae MaMeg a APOE Ra DZ asta, americanus Marlatt. 

Median fovea shallow, aaa walls sloping; frontal crest strong, 
slightly notched at middle; ocellar basin distinct, rather sharply 
pointed above; walls somewhat rounded; stigma large, broadest 
near the proximal end, tapering to the distal end; saw-guides 
broad, rounded on ventral margin, a brush of sete at the distal 
end; colour reddish-yellow; clypeus, labrum, proximal portion of 
mandibles, posterior angles of pronotum and tegula somewhat 
pallid; antenne above, small spot around ocelli, a small spot 
above each antenna, two spots on lateral lobes of mesonotum, 
sutures of caudal part of thorax, postscutellum, metanotum, 
middle of basal plates, proximal portion of posterior coxe, caudal 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 61 


portion of first and second terga, and proximal portion of saw- 
guides, black or brownish.—Colorado......... ... sautht Rohwer. 
aa. Head and thorax, except pleure, glossy black; frontal crest moderate- 
ly prominent, deeply interrupted by an extension of the elongate 
suboval median fovea; ocellar basin distinct with rounded walls 
extending around median ocellus; antenne with third and fourth 
segments subequal; head and thorax finely setaceous; saw-guides 
straight above, pointed at distal end above, and ventral margin 
convex and oblique at distal end; colour reddish-yellow with 
head, including clypeus, labrum and antenne, the pronotum 
except the lateral portion, the mesothorax and metathorax 
except the lateral aspects; the pectus, and the tips of the tarsi 
black; the proximal portion of the stigma and the longitudinal 
veins extending through the disc of the wing blackish; the male 
differs in having the antenne reddish-yellow and the frontal 
crest obsolete and the sides of the median fovea continuous with 
the sides of the ocellar basin; the proximal end of the ventral 
side of the third antennal segment provided with a blunt, rounded 
projection.—Victoria, British Columbia, bred by W. Downes 
from larve on lombardy poplar.—Type deposited in National 
Collection of Insects, Ottawa, from which it was 
RECEIVER, 1500505. . oes cae e SIR STRAY. eh DECOR a hen SPae 





NOES ON COCEIDAL Viv (HEMIPTERA).* 


BY G.sEs BERRIS; 
Stanford University, Calif. 


Genus Porococcus Ckll. 

Coccide referable to the subfamily Dactylopiine (of the Fernald Cata- 
logue) and belonging to the Pseudococcus group, that is, with at least the posterior 
pair of dorsal ostioles present. Adult female with the legs and antennz present, 
the former without a tooth on the claw, the latter 6-7-segmented; without 
cerarii of the usual type but with the last three or four abdominal segments 
bearing at each lateral margin a chitinized area which may be continuous with 
a chitinized area extending across the dorsum of the segment and is beset with 
stout, conical spines; trilocular pores numerous and very conspicuous; anal 
ring with six long sete, well developed and heavily chitinized, not borne at the 
inner end of an invagination. 

Adult female enclosed within a test of hard, black secretion which in texture 
much resembles that of the genus Tachardia. 

Type of the genus, Porococcus tinctorius Ckll 

Notes.—In the Fernald Catalogue this genus is placed near Ericoccus but 
it is distinctly a pseudococcine form. At present the genus contains but the 


type species and another, P. pergandeti Ckll., both of which occur on mistletoe 
in Mexico. 





---*Continued from Canadian Entomolezist, Vol. LIT, p. 32. 
March, 1920 


62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Poroceccus tinctorius Ckll. 
Pig... 12, 

Habit.—Adult female entirely enclosed within a test of hard, black secretion 
which is roughly spherical in form. 

Morphological characteristics —Length (flattened on slide) 2.6 mm. In 
form the body (flattened on the slide) is almost circular except for the fact that 
the last four abdominal segments, together being much narrower than the 
remainder of the body, form a sort of tail (Fig. A). The terminal segment 
bears the rather large and heavily chitinized anal ring, which is flanked on each 
side by a large, chitinized area bearing two or three conical spines and a few 





Fig. 12.—Porococcus tinciorius Ckll. A, general aspect of body; B, dorsal aspect of last four abdominal 
segments; C, trilocular pore; D, antenna; E, leg; F, type of spine occurring on dorsum of last four 
abdominal segments; G, type of spine on the dorsum anterior to the last four abdominal segments. 


pores, these areas nearly meeting at the median line of the dorsum and extend- 
ing slightly on to the ventral side. The next three segments each bear a trans- 
verse, heavily chitinized area beset with numerous conical spines of the type 
shown in Fig. F and pores (Fig. B). Over the remainder of the body the spines 
are rather few and are much smaller, short and tubercle like (Fig. G). Tri- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 63 


locular pores, of the type shown in Fig. C are very numerous and unusually 
large and conspicuous. The antenne (Fig. D) are relatively quite small but 
are well developed and show six or seven segments. The legs (Fig. E) are like- 
wise relatively quite small, and the coxe of the posterior pair show many small 
pores. 

The first stage larva likewise bears numerous large, trilocular pores and a 
few small, conical spines. The anal ring is large and cellular and bears six 
sete. The anal lobes each bear a single seta which is about as long as those ot 
the anal ring. There are no indications of cerarii. 

Material examined.—Two slides received from Professor Cockerell and 
labeled merely as ‘‘types”’ of this species and a slide mount of a single individual 
received from Mr. E. E. Green and said to be from the type material of the 
speces. It is from the last that the accompanying figures were made. 

There has evidently been some mixing of material in connection with this 
spec:es for another slide received from Professor Cockerell and likewise labeled 
asa ‘type’’ of this species represents some Lecaniine form. 

Through the kindness of Professor Cockerell I have had the privilege of 
exaroining a slide labeled as a ‘‘type’’ of P. pergandeii. The two species are 
very similar but I am not prepared to say whether or not they are identical. 

Genus Cissococcus Ckll. 

3rain! has considered it necessary to erect a new subfamily, the Cissococcine, 
for zais genus. As I have previously pointed out in this series of notes this 
genus is a Lecaniine form showing certain affinities with Ceroplastes. The 
statement that the anal plates are four in number is erroneous, the supposed 
oute: pair being nothing more than the chinitized area upon which the anal 
plates are borne. The arrangement is strictly the same as that seen in Cero- 
plasies, and a comparison with the latter genus will dispel any thought of the 
necessity of a new subfamily for Cissococcus. 

Genus Howarpia Berlese and Leonardi. 

-896. Berlese and Leonardi, Rev. Patologia Veg., 4: 347. 

:896. Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamacia, 3: 256. 

1903. Fernald, Cat. Coccide, 226. 

£915. - Paols, Redia, 11:'255: 

There appears to be some confusion concerning the type of this genus. 
Under the original description there were included three species, Chionaspis 
bicia: is Comst., C. citri Comst. and a species there described as new under the 
nam< of Howardia elegans, this last being a synonym of Diaspis zamie Morgan. 
No =yvpe was designated. Cockerell (1896) in a paper which seems to have 
beer omitted by the Fernald Catalogue, designates as type, Chionaspis biclavis 
Comst. This paper appears to have been overlooked by Paoli (1915) who 
states that H. elegans (= zamie) is the type of the genus and he names.a new 
genus, Megalodiaspis, for Chionaspis biclavis. 

_ It is evident that the type fixation made by Cockerell must stand, and 
that \Wegalodiaspis must be placed as a synonym of Howardia. 
Genus ANopLAsPIs Leonardi. 
1898. Leonardi, Rev. Patologia Veg., 6: 207. 
15rain, C. K. Coccide of South Africa II. In Bull. Ent. Res. 9: 199, (1918). 





64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


1900. Leonardi, Ibid., 8: 344. 

1908. Fernald, Catalogue Coccide, 299. 

This genus was named by Leonardi in 1898 and its type was definitely 
stated to be Mytilaspis metrosideri Maskell. Later (1900) Leonardi stated 
that he found metrosideri to be a species of Aspidiotus and he transferred the 
generic name Anoplaspis to the species earlier named by Cockerell as Aspidio:us 
bambusarum, designating this as the type. This procedure is followed in the 
Fernald Catalogue and A noplaspis is placed as a synonym of Odonaspis in which 
the species bambusarum is included. The species Mytilaspis metrosidert Maskell 
is placed under Lepidosaphes in the catalogue and no reference is given under 
it to Leonardi’s first paper. i 

It is obvious that the first type fixation must stand and that the status 
of the genus Anoplaspis depends upon that of Mytilaspis meirosideri, its type 
species. 

A revision of the genera of Diaspinze must soon come for the group is falling 
into confusion because of the many genera and subgenera that have been named 
usually upon characters of no particular significance. Many of these names, 
however, must be used, and it is desirable that such points as those discussed 
above be straightened out. 


SYNONYMY OF SOME SPECIES. 


Targionia yuccarum Ckll. 

1898. Aspidiotus yuccarum Ckll., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 2: 25. 

1900. Chrysomphalus (Melanaspis) tonilensis Ckll., Ibid., (7), 10: 470. 

1919. Targionia covillee (Ferris), Contrib. Knowl. Coccide Sw. U. 5., 
Stanford Univ. Publ., 67-8. 

Mr. Morrison has called my attention to the fact that my Targionia covillee 
is identical with T. yuccarum (Ckll.), and has sent me a specimen of the latter 
species. There is no doubt that the two are the same. Also, through the 
kindness of Professor Cockerell, I have been enabled to examine a slide of 
Chrysomphalus tonilensis Ckll. from the type material, and this too proves to 
be the same. The species is a true Targionia as I have pointed out in the de- 
scription of my 7. covillee. 


Aspidiotus herculeanus Doane and Hadden. 

1909. Aspidiotus herculeanus Doane and Hadden, Can. Ent., 41: 29%. 

1918. Aspidiotus subsimilis var. anone Houser, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 11 
moe t65..pl. 18, T. 4. 

The figure given by Houser indicates clearly that his A. subsimilis var. 
anon@ is identical with A. herculeanus, and Mr. Morrison, to whose attention 
I have called this and who has examined specimens, agrees that this is the 
case. I have had the privilege of examining a ‘‘type”’ slide of A. subsimilis 
Ckll.,and unlessintergrading forms exist there is no reason for placing herculeznus 
as a ‘‘variety”’ of this species. 

Pseudodiaspis yucce Ckll. 

1896. Aspidiotus yucce Ckll., Psyche, 7; Suppl. 1, p. 20. 

1898. Aspidiotus yucce var. neomexicana Ckll., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.., 
COR SRN 

1899. Xerophilaspis parkinsonie Ckll., Ariz. Exper. Sta., Bull. 32 m.: 282. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 65 


1899. Diaspis celtidis Ckll., Can. Ent., 31 m.: 106. 

1919. Pseudodiaspis parkinsonie@ (Ckll.), Ferris, Contrib. Knowl. Coccide 
Sw. U. S., Stanford Univ. Publ., 56; Fig. 30. 

Through the kindness of Professor Cockerell I have been enabled to examine 
“type” slides of all the above species. There is not much room for question 
that they are the same. In the specimens of yucce the lobes are shorter than 
in the others, but otherwise there is no difference, and I suspect that, as not 
infrequently occurs, the lobes in these specimens are worn or broken off. 


Lepidosaphes hawaiiensis Maskell. 

1894. Mytilaspis flava var. hawatiensis Mask., N. Z. Trans., 27: 4 

1914. Lepidosaphes erythrine Rutherford, Bull. Ent. Res., 5: 264. 

1916. Lepidosaphes moorsi Doane and Ferris, Bull. Ent. Res., 6: 401; f. 3. 

1919. Howardia moorsi (D. & F.), Brain, Bull. Ent. Res., 9: 220; pl. 
HS; f..132: 

Mr. E. R. Sasscer has called my attention to the fact that L. moorsi appears 
to be identical with Maskell’s L. flava var. hawaiiensis, and after the examina- 
tion of a photograph of the pygidium of the latter I am entirely disposed to 
agree. I have at hand some specimens from Ceylon which agree with the 
description of L. erythrine, and there is not much doubt that this too is the 
same. It is evidently a widely distributed tropical and subtropical species. 

Brain has recently referred the species to Howardia, but it is most certainly 
not congeneric with H. biclavis. For that matter it is hardly a Lepidosaphes 
but it may well remain in the latter genus until revisional studies have been 
made. There is no evidence that it has anything to do with L. flava. 


~I 





DESCRIPTIONS OF A FEW NEW DIPTERA. 


BY NATHAN BANKS, 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 


The types of the following new species are in the Museum of Compara- 
tive Zoology. 

Euparyphus pretiosa, sp. nov. 

Differs from crofchi as follows: Legs wholly yellow, the median black stripe 
from vertex mark to antenne does not go below antennz, the submedian pair 
of stripes on thorax extend a little beyond the suture, are broader posteriorly 
and slightly approximate there, the hind part of lateral stripe is longer, the . 
upper pleural stripe is longer and has a forward extension, the spots on third and 
fourth abdominal segments are much larger and almost meet in the middle, 
venter wholly pale (mostly dark in crotchi). The scutellum is yellow, broad, 
and the spines are far apart as in crotchi,; the discal cell is clearly outlined; eyes . 
pubescent. 

Length 7.5 mm. 

Vancouver, one female. 

E. septemmaculata Adams agrees with E. croichi. 


Nemotelus melanderi, sp. nov. 
Black, polished, without pale marks, in some a faint lateral margin to 


thorax, the extreme tips of femora, bases of tibia and tarsi pale; halters pale, 
ch, 1920 


66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 
the thorax with faint white pubescence. Facial projection extremely short, 
about as in Melander’s figure of NV. brwest, but not blunt at tip, and the antenne 
plainly at base of the projection; discal cell with upper side distinct. 

In Melander’s table it runs to N. carbonarius, which has a very much larger 
facial projection. 

Length 3 mm. 

From Chesapeake Beach, Ind., 9 July, also Bayville, N.Y., and Nahant, 
Mass., (Agassiz). Evidently a costal species. 


Stenopogon (Scleropogon) uhleri, sp. nov. 

Clothed with grayish pubescence and white hair and bristles; antennz 
black, wings hyaline, abdomen obscure, tips of segments paler, legs dark, some 
reddish on front and middle femora. Wings with first and fourth posterior 
cells closed and petiolate; hypopleura with white hairs, sternopleura with 
short fine hair. Male ventral plate divided at tip and the lobes divergent; the 
intermediate appendages have the inner black hooks as in S. similis, but when 
seen from the side do not have a black process at the lower corner, seen in S. 
similis. 

Length 2.3 mm. 


From the hills west of Denver, 18 Aug., (P. R. Uhler). Differs from SS. 
similis and S. pumilus, which are of the same general appearance, by having 
the lobes of the ventral plate longer and divergent. 


Atomosia antennata, sp. nov. 


Head black, thorax metallic bluish, abdomen metallic greenish, venter 
brown, legs with the femora pale reddish or yellowish, tibia dark brown, tarsi 
lighter brown, palpi pale, antenne dark, second joint yellowish, wings nearly 
hyaline, pleura with two or three patches of silvery pubescence. Face clothed 
with whitish pubescence and white hair, thorax and abdomen with very short 
pale hair, legs with longer white hair. Ocellar tubercle with two bristles; first 
joint of antenna a little more than twice as long as the second, which is rather 
shorter than usual, third not twice as long as first and second together; end of 
discal cell curves out a little from the end of the fourth posterior cell. 


Length 5 mm. 
’ 
é 





From Douglas, Arizona, August, (L. H. Snow). Distinct from all our 
other species by colour of second antennal joint, as well as by the metallic 
colour of thorax and abdomen. 


Nicocles utahensis, n. sp. 


2 Structurally similar to N. aemulator Lw., the bristles on the scutellum 
and thorax as in that species. It is, however, black in colour with white hair 
and pile,instead of the brown hair and somewhat yellowish pile of NV.aemulator. 
The dorsum of thorax beside the middle geminate dark stripe has also short 
lateral dark stripe in front; the legs are entirely black (without the red seen in 
N. aemulator); the abdomen is very similar to the female of that species, with 
pollinose white spots, but those on the fifth segment are triangular and smaller 
than in N. emulator. The wings are marked on the same plan, but the marks 
follow the longitudinal yeins, and there is no tendency to form dark clouds 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 67 


across middle and tip as in the California species. In both wings the small 
cross vein is double, and situate at middle of discal cell (in N. emulator nearer 
to tip of cell. 

From Eureka, Utah, 31 May, (Tom Spalding), from Mr. Hagan. 


Laphria varipes, n. sp. 


Closely similar to L. ruficauda Will.; it differs in the antenne being black, 
and the legs have the apical fourth of the femora and the tarsi wholly black; 
the abdomen is dull black (instead of shining blue black), the last three seg- 
ments red as in L. ruficauda; the humeri and scutellum are also reddish; the 
wings as in L. ruficauda. 

Length 2.3 mm. 

From Cuba (Poey). 


Asilus persimilis, n. sp. 


Similar to A. truguii in the male genitalia, which have a long, slender tooth 
on the upper forceps, which bends inward and downward; the main part of the 
forceps, however, bends downward, instead of upward as in A. truquit. It dif- 
fers from that species in having a large facial gibbosity that almost reaches to 
the antenne. The mystax is black above and below, with yellowish hair on 
the middle; the wings are faintly reddish from near the middle, especially near 
costa. The body is black, with black hair and bristles; the abdomen above 
rather more grayish, and the hind border of each segment in certain lights 
paler gray; the genitalia black, black haired, and the lower forceps rather heavily 
black bristled. Legs black, apical part of all femora and almost basal half of 
all the tibiz reddish; tarsi black. 


Length 16 mm. 
From California (Loew coll.). 


Asilus sackeni, n. sp. 


In size and general appearance similar to A. mese Tucker; about 8 to 10 
mm.long. Differs in the longer appendages to the male, and in the black hair 
in the mystax. 

Black; mystax largely black, lower part white; the facial gibbosity not 
higher, but longer than in A. mes@; occipital orbital bristles black; pleuree more 
black, with faint gray pollen; thorax and the scutellum with black bristles. 
Abdomen above brown (not gray), with gray borders; genitalia reddish, the 
superior forceps plainly more slender than in A. mese. Legs black, the tibiae 
more or less brown, especially within, bristles of legs all black. The antenna 
has the arista more differentiated than in A. mes@, but not as strongly separated 
as in most species. 

From Webber Lake, California, 22 July (O. Sacken), and also Oregon 
(O. Sacken). 

The much longer, superior forceps and largely black mystax and darker 
colour generally will separate it from A, mese, 


6S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NOTES ON THE WINTER COLEOPTERA) OF WESTERN AND 
SOUTHERN FLORIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 
NEW SPECIES. 


BY WS, -BL AT CHEE, 
Indianapolis, Ind. 


(Continued from p, 46). 


Ptinus tuberculatus, sp. nov. 


Oblong-oval. Head and thorax dark chestnut-brown; elytra dark reddish - 
brown; antenne and legs paler brown, densely clothed with prostrate yellowish 
hairs; under surface reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent with yellowish hairs. 
Antenne reaching middle of elytra, second joint one-half the length of fourth; 
fifth to eleventh subequal, each slightly longer than fourth. Head finely granu- 
late-punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, but slightly wider than head, densely 
and rather coarsely granulate-punctate and bearing four large conical tubercles 
arranged in a median cross-row, two above and one each side, each of these 
bearing a tuft of short, erect yellowish hairs. Elytra oblong, rather strongly 
convex or ventricose, their striae feebly impressed, each composed of a row of 
coarse, close-set punctures, which are much wider than the intervals, each 
puncture bearing a long inclined yellowish hair. First joint of hind tarsi slightly 
longer than the next two united. Abdomen very finely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 3.2 mm. 

A single specimen, probably a female, was taken while beating alor® a 
blazed roadway in a dense hammock at Cape Sable, Feb. 23. It is different 
from any species described by Fall, and is unknown to him. The head and 
thorax are distinctly darker than elytra, and the tuberculate thorax reminds 
one of the spiked collars often worn by an aristocratic Boston bull terrier. 


Heteracthes sablensis, sp. nov. 


Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Head, thorax, under surface and _ all 
the femora and tibiz dark chestnut-brown; antenne, elytra and tarsi reddish- 
brown, the elytra each with a large, elongate-oval, yellow spot at basal third 
and the apical fifth wholly yellow. Antenne, as usual with males of the genus, 
with joints 1-6 much thicker than the others, fourth, two-thirds the length of 


either third or fifth, the minute second joint obconical. Thorax cylindrical, | 


twice as long as broad, feebly constricted near base, its disk with a low median 
tubercle, surface minutely granulate-rugose and pubescent with very fine, 
appressed hairs. Elytra three times as long as thorax, one-third wider at base, 
their tips subtruncate, the outer apical angle produced as a short spine; surface 
with scattered small tubercles, thickly and very finely punctate, minutely 


pubescent. Under surface very finely punctate and pubescent. Length 8.5 | 


mm, 

Described from one male swept from low herbs just back of the beach at 
Cape Sable, Feb. 21. Very distinct from our other species in colour and in 
the truncate, feebly spined tips of elytra. 

Euderces reichei Lec. A half dozen specimens of this small Cerambycid 
were beaten March 21 from the flowers of a dogwood in Skinner's hammock 
near Dunedin. The first record for Florida, it being known heretofore only 


from Indiana, Illinois and Texas. 
March, 1920 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST . 69 


Liopus floridanus Ham. Two specimens of this small, dull-coloured 
Lamiinid were swept from ferns in a dense hammock near Dunedin, March 
10—March 24. Described™ from Biscayne Bay and not recorded elsewhere. 


Lepturges signatus Lec. A single specimen taken at light at Dunedin, 
June 15. Schwarz records it from Enterprise as “‘rare.”’ 


Spalacopsis filum Chev. This was a common species on dead twigs in 
the hammocks at Cape Sable and Key West. When stretched out on a twig 
with their long antenne at full length in front of them, their gray colour is so 
similar to that of the bark that they are almost invisible. Although three 
or four species of this genus have been described or listed from southern 
Florida, it is very doubtful if more than the one above named really exists in 
that region. 

Exema neglecta, sp. nov. 


Oblong, robust. Black, opaque; antenne, palpi, front and middle legs in 
great part, and some spots on head, dull clay yellow; face and front half of thorax 
of male wholly of the same hue. Head finely, not closely ocellate-punctate. 
Thorax finely and irregularly punctate, the middle of disk strongly elevated, 
tuberculate and with a shallow median sulcus, the sides and posterior declivity 
of the elevation strigose-punctate. Tegmina oblong, each with a subsutural 
row of three or four blunt tubercles and several other scattered ones, the in- 
tervals between them coarsely, more or less confluently punctate. Pygidium 
with a narrow, entire median carina between two shorter, broader ones, the 
intervals coarsely punctate. Hind femora and under surface coarsely punctate. 
Length male 2.7; female 3 mm. 

Common throughout Florida on huckleberry and other low shrubs through- 
out the winter months. This is the species known in most cabinets as Exema 
conspersa Mann., and has been distributed by me under that name. On taking 
the true conspersa, which is very scarce in Florida, I sent specimens of both to 
the U.S. National Museum, and H. S. Barber replied that the larger one above 
described was in the museum collection under the name conspersa var., some 
specimens also having been labeled EF. dispar Lec. On a recent visit to Cam- 
bridge, I found that the smaller form was the one there recognized as E. conspersa, 
and as the larger and more common one appears to have no name, | have given 
it that of neglecta. 


s 


Exema conspersa Mannerheim. This is a much smaller (1.8-2 mm.), 
more subquadrate species than neglecta and usually has both thorax and elytra 
distinctly maculate with brownish-yellow. The thorax is without strige, its 
punctures more numerous, much deeper. The elytra are more rugose with 
crests of tubercles longer, more narrow, and the punctures much smaller. A 
single specimen is in the National Museum from Enterprise, Fla. About 
Dunedin I have taken it on several occasions by sweeping weeds about the 
margins of low, moist, cultivated tracts. It ranges from Florida to California 
and Mexico. 

As pointed out to me by Mr. Barber (Ms.) my Chlamys nodulosa™ is 
probably a synonym of Exema gibber Fabr. It was originally described from 


11. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, 125. 
ie Can Ent.; SEV) 1013-935 








70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Charleston, S. Car., and occurs in both bronzed and opaque black forms. The 
description of Fabricius mentions the black form only. 


Metachroma terminale Horn. Frequent at both Cape Sable and Key 
West on the foliage of shrubs in hammocks. The elytra vary much in colour, 
being sometimes wholly dull yellow, again uniform pitchy black without the 
terminal pale spot on which the specific name was based. 


Metachroma testacea, sp. nov. 


Form short, robust. Head and thorax reddish-brown, remainder of body 
a uniform testaceous. Head coarsely, shallowly and irregularly punctate. 
Thorax semi-elliptical, much wider and with sides less declivent than in M. 
pellucidum; sides and hind angles broadly rounded, disk finely, rather closely, 
evenly and sharply punctate. Elytra one-third longer than wide; strie near 
suture distinctly impressed, those on sides scarcely so, all with distinct rows of 
round punctures separated by two-thirds their own diameter. Abdomen rather 
finely and very sparsely punctate. Length 2.3-2.5 mm. 

A small species of the form and size of M. pellucidum Crotch, but much 
duller in colour, with different form of thorax and with elytral striae all entire 
and punctate throughout their length. It was taken in some numbers by beating 
and sweeping at Key West, March |-3. Specimens were submitted to Mr. 
Fall, who states that he has it unnamed in his collection and considers it an 
undescribed form. 

Trirhabda virgata Lec. One specimen taken at light at Dunedin, July 1, 
Was sent to me by my son. No definite Florida record can be found. Horn 
states that it “Occurs on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Florida, 
from which point to Texas it is replaced by brevicollis.”” It is frequent through- 
out Indiana. 

Galerucella bivittata, sp. nov. 


Elongate-oblong. Dull clay yellow; antenne and occiput entirely deep 
black; labrum, mesosterna, sides of abdomen and tarsi piceous black; thorax 
with a median stripe and a spot each side black; elytra each with a broad sub- 
marginal and a narrow subsutural stripe, the two broadly united at tip, deep 
black. Thorax transversely elliptical, about one-half wider than long, angles 
all rounded, disk concave each side of the median line, very finely and sparsely 
punctate, each puncture bearing a very short, fine, appressed hair. Elytra 
elongate-oval, margins not explanate, disk densely and coarsely punctate, each 
puncture bearing a silken yellowish semi-prostrate hair; middle cox contiguous. 
Under surface minutely punctate, very finely pubescent. Length 4.5 mm, 

Two specimens swept from huckleberry blossoms near Dunedin, March 21. 
The wholly black antenne and occiput and bivittate elytra distinguish it from 
all other described species. j 


Longitarsus subcylindricus, sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval or subcylindrical. Dull reddish-brown; basal half of an- 
tenne, under surface and legs paler reddish-brown; apical half of antenne 
fuscous. Head smooth, occiput strongly convex. Second, third and fourth 
joints of antennae subequal in length, two-thirds the length of fifth. Thorax 
subcylindrical, scarcely longer than wide, disk convex, sides strongly declivent, 


EE 





ve 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST fa 
their margins feebly curved, surface finely and very shallowly punctate. Elytra 
conjointly elongate-oval, widest at middle, three times as long as wide, not 
wider at base than thorax, humeri and umbones wholly absent, disk with fine 
shallow substriate, close-set punctures. Abdomen smooth. Length 1.8 mm. 

Very distinct in its elongate subcylindrical form, being widest at middle 
of elytra and tapering gradually but very feebly both ways. The surface is 
not alutaceous but appears subopaque, due to the numerous shallow punctures. 
It is probably apterous. Known from a single specimen taken by beating in 
Skinner’s Hammock near Dunedin, March 27. Not in either the Leconte or 
Horn collections, and unknown to Fall. 

Coptocycla repudiata Suffr. Twenty or more specimens of this tortoise 
beetle were taken at Cape Sable from among the bases of the tufts of a coarse 
grass growing on the open prairie. It was described from Cuba and is recorded 
by Barber from Haw Creek, Crescent City and Cocoanut Grove, Fla. 

Metriona ormondensis, sp. nov. 

Broadly ovate or subcylindrical. Above dull yellow; elytra with a broad, 
purplish-red stripe. extending obliquely from humerus to middle of lateral 
declivity of each strongly convex elytral disk, thence curving outward to margin 
near apical fourth; thorax and broadly flattened crescentic middle third of each 
elytral margin translucent yellow; eyes and under surface deep black; legs and 
joints 1-8 of antenne pale yellow; joints 9-11 of antenne fuscous. Thorax 
transversely elliptical, nearly twice as wide as long, its front margin very broadly 
curved, front angles narrowly rounded, surface reticulate and with a few scat- 
tered punctures near middle and at base. Elytra strongly elevated at middle 
with sides of elevation almost perpendicular; margins strongly explanate; disk 
with rows of round, shallow punctures, separated by about their own diameters, 
those on basal third and near humeri somewhat confused. Abdominal seg- 
ments finely and sparsely punctate. Length 6 mm.; breadth 5 mm. 

Described from two specimens taken from wild morning-glory at Ormond, 
Fla., April 13, 1913. Much larger than M. purpuraia (Boh.), with flattened 
margins of elytra much wider, thorax wider and proportionally shorter and colour 
very distinctive. It is probably the same as the specimen referred to by Barber 
(loc. cit., p. 125) as being in the Scheffer collection from Florida. Barber con- 
sidered that to be only a geographic race of purpurata. 

Chelymorpha geniculata Boh. This large Chrysomelid was common and 
mating along the beach at Long Key, Feb. 27 on the foliage of the creeping 
goat’s-foot morning-glory, Ipomea pes-capre Sweet. It was taken on the 
same vine at Cape Sable, Key West and Dunedin, and I believe that to be its 
true, perhaps only, food plant in Florida. In my opinion this species should be 
placed as distinct from our northern C. cassidea Fabr. (argus Herbst.). In 
addition to the very different hue and much smaller black spots it is always 
narrower and more oblong in form. 

Branchus floridanus Lec. A single specimen of this large, oval, gray, 
scaly Tenebrionid was found lying on its backin a roadway, but aliveand kicking, 
at Key West. It was described“ from Florida without definite locality and 
Schwarz lists it as ‘‘On Atlantic seashore, very rare.” 


13. Proc. Entom. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1916, 123, 
14, Smiths, Misc, Coll, No, 167, 1866, 111, 





72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Polypleurus geminatus Sol. This is also apparently a scarce species. 
It has not been recorded from Florida. One specimen was taken near Lake- 
land, Feb. 15, beneath a large pine chip, and another at Dunedin, Dec. 25,by 
beating Spanish moss. Horn in his Revision of the family says that it occurs 
in the “Southeastern United States.’’ The closely allied P. perforatus Germ., 
is listed by Schwarz from Enterprise as ‘‘very rare.’"’ The third and only other 
known species, P. nitidus Lec., is common beneath bark and logs about Dunedin 
and elsewhere in southern Florida throughout the winter. 


Blapstinus alutaceus Casey. Three specimens of this scarce species 
were taken, one at Cape Sable, by beating dead branches, the others at Key West 
by sifting dead leaves. It was previously known only from Key West and 
Buck Key, Fla., and Texas. First described by Leconte as B. opacus, which 
name was preoccupied. 

Acanthinus trifasciatus Fabr. A single specimen of this West Indian 
species was taken from beneath a chunk on the beach at Cape Sable. It is also 
known from Key West. ; 

Pomphopeea femoralis Lec. Two specimens of this large and brilliant 
Meloid have been in my collection unnamed since January, 1918, when they 
were taken at light at Dunedin. I supposed them to be some introduced tropical] 
form which I could not place by the literature available. They were finally 
named for me by A. J. Mutchler of the American Museum of Natural History. 
Leconte described! the species from Louisiana, as Lytia femoralis, but it was 
afterwards erroneously placed as a synonym of P. polita Say by Horn.” The 
head and thorax are a shining bronze, while the elytra are of a brilliant coppery 
hue. 





DIVISION OP TOREIGN INSECT PESTS SUPPRESSION: 


In an endeavcur to prevent the further spread of the apple sucker (Psyllia 
mali Schmid) by artificial means, a quarantine has been placed on the infested 
district in the vicinity of Wolfville, N.S. No apple stock, including seedlings, 
scions, buds or grafts may be removed from the quarantined area unless it is 
accompanied by a certificate of inspection. 


The Brown Tail Moth work in New Brunswick was closed down in the 
middle of January. No nests have been: found during the past two years. 
Only four men were employed this season, and the greater portion of the terri- 
tory was scouted with the aid of a car. In Nova Scotia 267 Brown Tail nests 
were collected up to January 3lst; this is a considerable reduction as com- 
pared with previous years. The brown tail is still continuing to breed in this 
Province, and local infestations are uncovered from time to time. The ma- 
jority of scouts were discharged on January 31st. 





15. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, 420. i. «our 
lO Proc. vAcadwNatwoci eh Vil TeootesOn 
17. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIII, 18738, 116. 





Mailed March 31st, 1920 


Che Canadian Entomologist 


Vot. LII. LONDON, APRIL, 1920. No. 4 











POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
FAMILIAR HAUNTS. 


BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, 
Peterborough, Ont. 


Finding myself in Port Hope on the last day of June, 1918, I took occasion 
and my hobby by the forelock, and, in the company of my fellow-collector of 
old days, headed north for some woods just west of our favorite “Rocky 
Mountains.’ Here lies as pretty a tract as can be found in all Northumber- 
land, with extensive bush to west and north and embracing roughly a square 
mile of ground. It forms a kind of table land of middle elevation between the 
Port Hope plains and the long wooded ridge that stands out against the sky- 
line as you look north from the campus of Trinity College School. 


Deserting our usual route for a somewhat more westerly course, we held 
up the Bewdley gravel-road past the first line north of Dale; here a rough road, 
closed off by a gate, runs east to a gravel pit. Jist beyond this we turned north 
to examine a grove of mixed hardwood and pine where the axe had been busy. 
In spite of its being bright and hot, we could find nothing at work about the 
cord wood and stumps, nor even about a few recently felled maples lying crushed 
and shattered as saw or axe had left them. 


It was hot work and dry, stumbling about the clearing over rough, hard- 
baked ground, and even my hobby—old war-horse that it was—showed signs of 
flagging. My companion dismounted altogether and soon found a ready-made 
cozy corner in the grass beneath a shady evergreen. Just before giving up the 
search myself, and already at the point of indifference, I happened to spy a 
trunk of white pine lying in the very centre of the clearing, where the sun poured 
down relentless rays. 


As I approached it I saw a small, dark longicorn settle on the butt; this 
proved to be Acmaeops proieus, a beetle sufficiently uncommon in our neighbor- 
hood to warrant capture. Then while skirting the trunk, I noticed near the 
middle and on the upper side, clinging to the rough bark, a blackish longicorn 
with yellow marks on the elytra; at first glance I took it for Clytanthus ruricola 
and wondered what it was doing on pine, for I have never captured this insect 
except on foliage or in blossoms, where it is a voracious pollen-feeder. A second 
look showed me at once that the beetle was new to me; it was much shorter 
than C. ruricola and had a peculiarly truncate appearance. Moreover, the 
marks and lines of yellow pubescence on the wing-covers formed a different 
pattern from that of Clytanthus, being unlike both in shape and in disposition. 
Both insects are nearly black, ‘‘piceous’’ rather than jet; the antenne in both 
are fairly short, somewhat darker in the stranger, whose thorax, also, is shorter 
and less elevated; the forward margin of the thorax in both is fringed with 


73 


74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


yellow, but in the stranger the hind margin is also yellow; both have a yellow 
scutellum and a small patch of yellow at the base of each wing-cover; but the 
familiar long “‘L’’-shaped mark of yellow behind this in Clytanthus ruricola is 
replaced in the stranger by a simple diagonal line slightly curved, and behind 
this is a transverse band of yellow continued across the sutural line over both 
elytra. The thighs of both insects are clavate, but in C. ruricola, only, are the 
hind thighs and tibiz elongate; in the stranger they are even shorter than in 
Xylotrechus and more strongly clavate. The insect has been identified as 
Clytus marginicollis and is, I believe, a great rarity in Ontario; at any rate, it 
is a new species and a new genus in my collection, filling an important gap in 
the group of Clytint. 

It was quite enough for me that I had been collecting Longicorns for 15 
years and had never seen this insect before. There lay my friend, inert as the 
weariest of mere wayfarers without an object could possibly be on a sizzling 
hot day; but my capture filled me at once brimful of activity and fervour. I 
spent a good half hour peering about that pine trunk and its limbs in the hope 
of another capture, and even when we decided to move on, I was still straining 
at the leash, eager to beat the next cover for game. 


Just west of Hume’s old home-farm is a sloping hillside covered with small 
trees and intersected by streams of cress-mantled spring water. At one of 
these I stooped to drink, for a long draught is worth far more to the pedestrian 
on a hot day than solid food of any kind. While thus refreshing myself I observed 
on the further bank a recent windfall of basswood; ‘‘windfall,’’ I call it, but it 
might almost have been called a ‘‘water-fall;’ for its roots had been under- 
mined by a freshet, and a sudden flaw of wind taking it by surprise had over- 
turned it. It was while struggling up the further bank, with one eye glued on 
the basswood, that I caught sight of a specimen of Neoclytus erythrocephalus 
running along a limb on the off-side of the fallen tree. As soon as I got to the 
top of the bank I hurried round the head of the tree to where I had seen the 
insect. There it was again! but unfortunately hurrying down towards the axil 
of a large limb impossible of approach owing to the thicket of grapevine into 
whose midst the tree had crashed. However, I kept the insect in view, and 
presently to my relief it faced about and came up towards the smaller branches 
at the top of the bank. And here after a little anxious stalking, | made my 
capture. Next moment I saw the dead image of it, very much alive, hurrying 
along the limb again; had it escaped from the cyanide jar? No, there it was 
safe in the glass bottle. Again I stalked my quarry, and again I made my 
capture; and presently, behold a third, running along the trunk. Where the 
insects came from I could not discover, but it seemed certain that they arrived 
by aeroplane and became visible only on alighting. Some time after, I spied a 
fourth, but it managed to elude the eager clutch of my fingers, as it had the jaws 
of my forceps and the yawning gape of my net; no sooner did it take to flight 
than it vanished into thin air. 

In its descent the tree had broken some shoots of sumach at the top of the 
bank;close to these, but nearly under the basswood and in neutral territory on 
the ground, | captured a beautifully marked grey-brown Lamiinid which proved 
to be Lepturges symmetricus; some days later, my friend took a second specimen 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 75 


on the basswood, so perhaps the latter has the better claim to have bred out 
this insect; on the broken sumach, I captured a specimen of Lepturges querct, 
and on a bruised branch of the basswood, just before leaving, I took Eupogonius 
subarmatus and Leptostylus macula; this last I have taken 3 times on basswood 
and rather more often on sumach; it is very fond of attaching itself to a branch 
—usually of small girth—that has been bruised or broken, and there I presume 
it oviposits. A few years ago my friend captured 8 or 10 of these insects and 3 
or 4o0f Goes oculatus in a few sumachs on the south edge of what we know locally 
as the North Wood. The insects were nearly all on branches partly killed; 
and the whole colony of sumachs where they were taken is now dead, I believe 
almost entirely as the result of Lamiinid larve; large numbers of Hyperplatys 
aspersus and Liopus alpha riddling the small branches, while Leptostylus and 
Goes tunnel the thicker stems. The life of a sumach thicket, all observers will 
readily admit, is remarkably short, shorter than that of an elder thicket, and 
in nearly all cases the destruction is caused by insect borers. These light, 
brittle woods with a pithy core being, it would seem, peculiarly prone. In the 
particular section I am speaking of, equally deadly has been the work of the 
weevil, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, among the willows bordering the small streams. 


We were now at the edge of our chosen trysting place, one of the prettiest 
spots in all these northward tramps of ours. The time was ripe for lunch and 
a rest on soft mossy turf, within sight and sound of birch and pine and running 
water; a land of sunny upland pastures, of sumach thickets and shaded streams, 
of rich, if somewhat swampy hardwoods. To the north ran a long windbreak of 
pines that climbed suddenly up to the skyline over the shoulder of a great 
bare hill, outpost of a whole host of others more distant, from a few of which 
one sometimes caught a far-off glimpse both of Rice Lake and of Lake Ontario 
at a single halt. It was among the branches of the last pine in sight on the 
slope that I had got my first close view of a Mourning Dove one hot September 
afternoon. On the edge of that sloping wood to the west, with its intersecting 
runnels of cold spring water, we seldom failed to mark, in May or early June, 
the gorgeous plumage of the Scarlet Tanager and hear its pleasing notes; under 
its pines abound morels and the Gyromitra or Curly Cap, a rich mahogany- 
brown cousinof the Morel;once or twice in its sequestered dells we had been held 
spell-bound by the exquisite grace of the Yellow Ladies’ Slipper, and once at 
least by the deathly still, pale beauty, appalling in its tranquillity, of the De- 
stroying Angel (Amanita phalloides). Just north of us runs eastward a path 
leading to the Bethel road; and here on its south margin, beyond a spongy bit 
of marsh where spears of the Adder’s Tongue fern thrust up, if you look about 
you carefully, you will make the same happy discovery that I made many 
years ago, the double surprise of a whole row of blue beech, that somewhat 
uncommon kinsman of the Ironwood or Hop-hornbeam, and beyond them, 
hidden from the path by some cedars, a flourishing colony of the Hay-scented 
Fern (Dicksonia pilosiuscula) with its beautiful spreading fountain of finely 
cut green fronds; the only station I know for this species within 10 miles of 
Port Hope. A few yards south of where we were lunching, under a fringe of 
evergreen, while gathering morels one day in May, I flushed a partridge from 
its nest of 13 eggs. The whole place teemed with happy memories! As the 


76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


eye brooded over the scene, the spirits of a thousand vanished hours started 
from every nook and corner of the land. 


After lunch we moved south through the narrow strip of woodland. The 
first section of this was mixed wood, and many trees were lying about in the 
unsightly confusion known as a ‘‘slash;’’ some of them had been felled two or 
three years before, others had fallen soon after, victims of the first gale that 
smote their unprotected flanks. It was hot work and slippery making one’s 
way from point to point, and only a succession of lucky finds kept one going 
at all. 


My first strike was where a butternut and a maple had fallen together; 
onalimbandsome boughs of the former I took 3 or 4 more specimens of Neoclytus 
erythrocephalus racing madly along in the sunshine; and on the under side of the 
maple trunk,—it was a lean-to—I captured one specimen of Uvrographis fasct- 
atus and one of Goes oculatus; on a near-by elm I took several Physacnemum 
brevilineum and 2 specimens of Saperda trideniata, and finally on a basswood 
2 or 3 seasons dead, a specimen of Saperda vestita and 3 of Hoplosia nubila, the 
latter evidently just emerged from a dead and broken bit of limb half way up 
the trunk. 





Further south the strip of woodland had been almost entirely pine with 
an occasional oak, not heavily wooded, but with many open glades made beautiful 
by beds of bracken interspersed with orange lilies; it was here that I had first 
found in any abundance, among blossoms of the large wild geranium, the pretty 
little longhorn—pale yellow, decorated with spots of black—Pachyta monticola. 
Now, hardly a tree was left standing, and the whole space was invaded by a 
wilderness of tall, rank grass and weeds; here and there, half buried in the 
vegetation, lay heaps of decaying pine brush, and from some of the larger 
branches, carefully picked up and scanned, were taken 6 or 8 specimens of 
Lepiostylus sexguttatus. Finally as we reached the higher ground at the south 
end of the plateau, where fewer trees had been felled, I captured a specimen of 
Lepiura zebra just climbing up through the sheaf of leafy shoots about an oak 
stump. Two or three years before when first some of the oak and other hard- 
wood here had been felled, I had taken early in July quite a number of good 
things by laying chips of freshly prised bark on the sappy stumps, my captures 
including the handsome Calloides nobilis, Arhopalus fulminans, Centrodera 
decolorata, and a small species of the Oak-pruner (Elaphidion). But now, though 
empty tunnels and fresh borings gave ample evidence of insect life in the dead 
wood, there was nothing visible on stump or trunk except this solitary specimen 
of Leptura zebra, an insect I have occasionally captured pollen-feeding in the 
clusters of New Jersey Tea as well as on oak stumps, 


And here under the pines near the edge of the most southerly slope one 
gladly sprawled for a few minutes’ rest, looking out across the plains to Lake 
Ontario and Port Hope, and ruminating pleasantly over the past. Then up 
for a four-mile stretch by side-road, lane and field, fragrant of wild grape and 
sweet briar, and so home at last, dog-tired, hungry as hunters, and every bit as 
happy. 


he _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 77 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF APHIDIDA FROM JAPAN. 


BY RYOICHI TAKAHASHI, 
’ Forest Experiment Station, Meguro, Tokio, Japan, 


Stomaphis pini, n. sp. 

Winged viviparous female. 

Head, antenne, eyes, thorax, legs, cornicles and cauda black. Abdomen 
nearly pale brown, above blackish, darkest at the part between the cornicles, 
and with a dark brown spot on the under side of each segment. Wings some- 
what dusky, stigma and veins black, veins shadowed. Body long and rather 
narrow, nearly parallel-sided, and with many fine hairs. Head very short, 
: compound eyes rather small, supplementary eyes visible. Antenna somewhat 
slender, with many hairs, the first joint longer and broader than the second. 
The relative lengths of the 3rd and the following joints are as follows: 

i (4,.1V 20, V'27, VI. 38. 

The third joint has about fifteen very large sensoria on the entire length, 
the fourth about 4 and the fifth only the usual one. 

Wings slender,stigma large, the third oblique, twice forked, stigmatic vein 
extending to the apex of the wing, the second oblique of the hind wing very long 
hooklets five in number. The ninth abdominal segment with a small tubercle 
on the side. Cornicles very short. Cauda short, with many hairs. Legs 


mae 1a en 


j 
% 
3 
; 





Fig. 14.—Brachycolus gramini, n.sp., winged 
viviparous female. 1. Cauda. 2. Cornicle. 


Fig. 13.—Siomaphis pini, n.sp., winged viviparous 
female; antenna (the 3rd to 6th joints) 3. Antenna. 4. The 3rd antennal joint 
and fore wings. of a female. 


slender and long, hind legs much longer. Length of body 5.5 mm. Antenne 
23mm. Rostrum 11.0 mm. Hind leg 5.4 mm. Fore-wing 5.5 mm. Hind 
wing 3.5 mm. Width of fore-wing 1-5 mm. 

Host.—Pinus densiflora. 

Type locality.—Tokio, Japan. 

’ Many winged viviparous females which are probably sexupare, are found 
in November. 
, Brachycolus gramini, n. sp. 
Wingless viviparous female. 
Body black, somewhat greenish, densely covered with a white powder. 


Eyes, distal half of antennz, cornicles, cauda, femora except distal half of the 
April, 1920 





78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


fore femur and tarsi black. The third and fourth antennal joints and the basal 
portion of the fifth yellowish green. Distal half of the fore femur brownish, 
tibize yellowish brown. 

‘Body rather oval,’ not elongated, without hairs. Antenne much shorter 
than the body, without hairs. The relative lengths of the third and subse- 
quent joints are as follows: III 22, IV 17, V 22, VI 50 (15+35). Rostrum 
reaching the middle coxe. Cornicles very small, broader than long. Cauda 
large, rounded at the apex. Legs short. 

Length of body 1.7 mm. Antenna 0.8 mm. 

Winged viviparous female. 

Nearly similar to the wingless female in colour. Wings hyaline, veins black. 

Antenne nearly as long as the body, the relative length of the distal four 
jemts is as follows: III 28, FV 28, V 25, VI. 50°15 X35). The third jomet 
with about twelve large sensoria, the fourth joint wanting sensoria usually. 
In some individuals the antenne are only 5-jointed. Cornicles broader than 
long, broadest at the base, cauda large, the apex rounded, with some long, fine 
hairs. Legs slender. The third oblique vein twice forked, hooklets two. 

Length of body 1.1 mm. Fore-wing 2.2 mm. Antenna 1.0 mm. 

Host.—A plant belonging to the Graminee. 

Type locality.—Tokio, Japan. 

This species is very common from August onwards throughout the sum- 
mer, and during this period many winged females appear. 





TWO UNDESCRIBED PEDICIINE CRANE-FLIES FROM THE 
UNITED STATES (TIPULIDAL SDIRTERA): 


BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER. 
Urbana, Ill. 


The two new species herein described were included in material sent for 
determination. The new Dicranota found by Mr. Lindsey is of especial interest. 
The Rhaphidolabis shows the greatest resemblance to R. tenutpes in its general 
features, but the structure of the hypopygium shows it to be a very distinct 
species. 


Dicranota iowa, sp. n. 

Size large (wing Q over 9 mm.); general coloration light grey, the meso- 
notal praescutum with four dark brown stripes; wings brownish grey, the stigma 
and a seam along the anterior portion of the cord dark brown; Cell J? lacking, 

Female.—Length 8—8.3 mm.; wing 9.5—-10 mm. 

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown throughout, with 
thirteen segments; in the female sex, the flagellar segments are short-cylindrical, 
closely approximated. Head with the front and a narrow margin surrounding 
the eyes light yellowish grey; vertex with the disk rich brown, becoming paler 
on the occiput. 

Mesonotal praescutum light yellowish grey with four dark brown stripes, 
the intermediate. pair separated by a capillary line of the ground colour; scutum 
grey, the lobes dark brown; scutellum and postnotum grey. Pleura grey. 
Halteres short, the stem yellow, brightest basally, the knobs brown. Legs with 

April, 1920 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 79 


the coxe light grey, the tips more yellowish; trochanters brownish yellow; femora 
dark brown, paler basally; tibia and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a brownish 
grey tinge; stigma dark brown, completely filling the space between 7 and the 
deflection of R? and occupying the outer end of cell Sc!; a strong brownish tinge 
at the origin of Rs and along the deflection of R*® and r-m; less distinct seams 
along Cu and the other veins and cross-veins; veins dark brown. Venation: 
Sc! ending just beyond 7; Rs long for a member of this genus, strongly angu- 
lated and sometimes spurred near origin, longer than that section of R?*? be- 
tween ry and the deflection of A’; R***** variable in length, unusually short in 
the type; 7 on R** a little more than its length beyond the fork; R? meeting 
Ra short distance from the tip of the latter; cell M! lacking; basal deflection 
of Cu! approximately equal to or shorter than R?*3*4, 

Abdomen dark brown, the extreme lateral margins of the segments paler. 
Ovipositor horn-coloured, the valves strongly upcurved. 

Habiiat.—lowa. 

Holotype.— @ , Sioux City, April 17, 1916, (A. W. Lindsey). 

Paratopotype.— @. 

Type in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. 

The specimens of this interesting crane-fly were given to Mr, Malloch by 
the collector to whom we are indebted for this material. In its size and general 
appearance, Dicranoia iowa resembles D. argentea Doane (Western North 
America) but is readily told by the absence of cell M1 of the wings. From the 
Eastern species that lack this cell (rivularis O.S., eucera O. S.), it may be told 
by the larger size, the long, angulated radial sector and the conspicuously marked 
wings. 

Rhaphidolabis persimilis, sp. n. 

Very similar to the genotype, R. tenuipes O. S., but differing very strikingly 
in the structure of the male hypopygium. 

The pleurites are stout, the proximal face near the base produced into a 
small, slender, clavate lobe which is provided with numerous long, pale seta 
at the tip; the proximal face of the pleurite is produced into a conspicuous, 
flattened, strongly bifid, pincer-like blade, the outer arm slender, curved, the 
inner arm flattened into a blade. The pleural appendages are two in number, 
rather small, of approximately equal length; inner appendage long-oval, densely 
set with chitinized spines; the outer appendage is flattened, broad basally, the 
short apex bluntly rounded. The gonapophyses appear as comparatively small 
chitinized hooks. 

Rhaphidolabis tenuipes has the appendages similar but all conspicuously 
elongated; the flattened blade-like extension of the inner face of the pleurite 
is here very large, almost contiguous with its mate of the opposite side; this 
pale blade is subquadrate basally, the outer angle produced into a narrow, 
slightly curved arm, the margin of which bears numerous, small, appressed 


teeth. The pleural appendages are slender, the inner one especially so; the 
_ outer appendage is broad basally, inconspicuously bifid, the outer arm pro- 


duced into a long, slightly twisted, flattened blade whose apex is evenly rounded 
and provided with a few small sete. The gonapophyses are similar to those 
in R. persimilis but the recurved tips are very long, nearly equal to the stems 
that bear them. 


80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


HAabita!.—Virginia. 

Holotype.—o", Difficult Run, Potomac River, October 28, 1917, (W. L. 
McAtee). 

Paratypes.—o’, Great Falls, April 20, 1913, (C. P. Heinrichs); 2 ’s, 
Dead Run, May 10, 1916, (W. L. McAtee); 1 &, Virginia, near Plummet’s 
Island, September 29, 1915, (W. L. McAtee). 





HEMIPTERA FROM PEAKS ISLAND, MAINE, COLLECTED 
BY MR: G..A. MOORE. 


BY H. M. PARSHLEY, 
Smith College, Northampton, Mass. 


During the seasons of 1918 and 1919 my friend Mr. G. A. Moore had brief 
opportunities for collecting on Peaks Island, in Portland Harbor, and has been 
kind enough to send to me for study the Hemiptera which he gathered there. 
This collection proves to be of considerable interest and merits a full report, 
especially since the published records from this part of Maine are very meagre. 
Some of the species are additions to the state list; one, Stygnocoris rusticus, has 
never before been found in the United States; and another is the first American 
representative of the Anthocorid genus Teiraphleps. 

SCUTELLERID. 

Homaemus aeneifrons (Say). 1 Aug, 718, 4 Aug. 719. 

Eurygaster alternata (Say). 3 Aug. 19. 

CYDNID&. 
Thyreocoris pulicarius (Germar). 8 Aug. 719. 
PENTATOMIDZ. 


Peribalus limbolarius Stal. 3 Aug. 18. New to the Maine list. 
Mormidea lugens (Fabricius). 23 July, ’18. 
Euschistus tristigmus (Say). 28 July, 718. 
Neottiglossa undata (Say). 27 July, 18. 
Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas). 26 Aug., 719. 
Meadorus lateralis (Say). 1 Aug., 719. 
Elasmostethus cruciatus (Say). 4 Aug., 18. 
Podisus modestus (Dallas). 8 Aug., 19. 
Podisus placidus Uhler. 26 Aug., 719. 
NEIDID&. 
Neides muticus (Say). 29 July, ’18. 
LYGAEIDZ. 
Nysius erice (Schilling). 2 Aug., ’18. 
Ischnorhynchus geminatus (Say). 31 July, 718; 10 Aug., 719. 
Phlegyas abbreviatus (Uhler). 24 July, 18. 
Ligyrocoris diffusus (Uhler). 29 July, 18. 
Ligyrocoris contracitus (Say). 27 July, ’19. 
Kolenetrus plenus (Distant). 26 July, 18. 
A male of this rare species, new to the Maine list, was found under moss. 


Stygnocoris rusticus (Fallén). 31 July, ’18; 8 Aug., 719. 
April, 1920 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 81 


This European species has recently been reported from Quebec and Nova 
Scotia. Its characters are discussed by Barber in one of his valuable papers 
on the Lygaeide,! where he makes the comment, ‘“The species has not yet been 
found within the United States, but it should occur in the mountainous parts 
of New England and New York.’’ Boreal forms are likely to occur anywhere 
in Maine, becoming restricted to mountainous regions as their range extends 
southward. 

TINGIDE. 

Coryihucha marmorata (Uhler). 31 July, ’19. 


Corythucha juglandis (Fitch). 10 Aug., ’19. 


Corythucha pyriformis, sp. nov. 


Membranous portions very clear hyaline, the surface shining; disc of pro- 
notum brown; dorsal veinlets of hood very slightly marked with brown; paranota 
with a single distinct dark brown spot before middle; median carina with a very 
indistinct brown spot; lateral carina and apex of angulate process white with a 
brownish tinge. Hemielytra with distinct dark brown basal and apical bands, 
the latter equal in width to one-third entire length of hemielytron, enclosing 
three or four large, almost entirely hyaline areoles, the apical row of areoles 
largely hyaline from apex of wing inwardly. Antenne, legs except tarsi, and 
edges of plates forming rostral groove yellow. 

Hood slightly higher than median carina and somewhat longer, its height 
one-half its length, its width not quite one-third width of entire pronotum 
(14-46); hood pyriform, slightly constricted, sides convergent anteriorly and 
but slightly concave as viewed from above, anterior lobe thus not distinctly 
marked off; dorsal areoles very large; hood as seen in profile very slightly rounded 
above except at ends, moderately arcuate as a whole. Median carina slightly 
shorter than hood (24-26), slightly and angulately arched, with two rows of 
areoles at middle, its height less than one-third its length (7-24). Lateral 
carine moderately developed, with three or four areoles, terminating far from 
base of hood. Paranota large, unusually expanded anteriorly and together 
widest well before middle. Costal margin of hemielytra nearly straight; 
tharginal spines of paranota and hemielytra few and rudimentary; discal eleva- 
tions of moderate size, with sharp dorsal edge, not strongly inflated; costal area 
largely triseriate; hemielytra broadly rounded at apex. Antenne with numerous 
sete. Length @ 4.08 mm.; width 2.34 mm. 

Holotype co’, Peaks Island, Maine, 31 July, 719, (G. A. Moore), in my 
collection. Paratype o&, Franconia, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), in 
Mrs. Slosson’s collection. 

This species is closely related to pruni Osborn and Drake, although by 
following Gibson’s key? strictly it runs to hoodiana Osborn and Drake. From 
the former it may be distinguished by the structure of paranota and hood, the 
slight development of marginal spines, and broader form. The latter, known 
only from Oregon, is described as larger (length 4.8 mm.), with strongly con- 
stricted hood. 

Melanorhopala clavaia Stal. 26 Aug., 19. 


1. Concerning Lygaeidz—No. 2. Jour. New York Ent. Soc., Vol. 26, 1918, p. 53. 
2. The Genus Corythucha Stal. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 44, 1918, p. 74. 





82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NABIDZ. 


Nabis subcoleoptratus Kirby. 29 July, ’18. 
Nabis ferus (Linné). 31 July, ’19. 
Nabis roseipennis (Reuter). 25 July, 18; 1 Aug., 719. 


There is difference of opinion concerning what I take to be the short-winged 
female of this species. Some are inclined to consider that such specimens 
represent the Nabis inscriptus of Kirby, as redefined by Reuter, but the only 
distinctive character given by the latter author, applicable to the female, is the 
short first antennal segment, and I have yet to see a specimen exhibiting this 
feature; moreover, Reuter states that imscriptus is very similar to brevis, from 
which it is distinguished by its smaller head and less prominent eyes, and, it 
would seem, its shorter first antennal segment. 

Nabis rufusculus (Reuter). 26 July, ’19. 

Certain of the commonest species of Nabis present perplexing difficulties 
in determination. It is hoped that the following key to the north-eastern 
species will aid in identification of specimens and serve to draw the attention 
of students to these interesting forms. Some time ago I was privileged to 
spend an evening with my friend H. G. Barber in the study of his collection 
and MS. notes on this group, and with his permission I have incorporated 
in this synopsis the pertinent results of that conference. Subsequent study 
has shown that Reuter’s subgeneric criteria are of great value in understanding 
the group, and that the male genital characters, emphasized by Reuter, should 
not be neglected. 


1. Body in large part shining black; head distinctly and obliquely narrowed 
behind eyes; front femora without spines; wing cell with hamus arising 
fromorigin of decurrent vein (Subgenus Nabicula Kirby); length 9-10.5 


TaD ce OME Ly Re OA Or Ze PRY RIN go en Ce ee subcoleoptratus Wirby. 
Body wholly or in large part pallid or brown; head parallel or nearly so 
[BYoORUAYGES cyt CcomMg rth Ls CMON BI Eis At SE AMnE ES AARP Re Cv 47 10.00 en Sead BER Pee OS AUS tT BA cy 2. 


2. Front femora with minute spines below; wing cell with hamus; connexivum 
more or less distinctly spotted; femora spotted, annulate at apex; tibiz 
annulate (Subg. Hoplistoscelis Reuter); length 6.4-7 mm..sordidus Reuter. 

Front femora without spines; connexivum usually not spotted ..................3. 

3. Femora with a subapical dark ring; wing cell without hamus; hind lobe of 

pronotum distinctly punctate (Subgenus Lasiomerus Reuter); length 


SOS rary 8) .255 eR tee Ce Woe OA Mende Rte y annulatus Reuter. 
Femora without ring; wing cell with hamus; hind lobe of pronotum almost 
or quite tm punctate 5 jo. y kets Weer sateen ae ee ee oD ope 


4. Form elongate; short-winged forms with hemielytra less than three times 
length of scutellum; first antennal segment generally about as long as 
head; hamus arising very near or at origin of decurrent vein; long-winged 
forms extremely rare (Subgenus Dolichonabis Reuter)...........0....:0ccccce 5. 

Form broader, more or less ovate; short-winged forms usually with much 
longer hemielytra; first antennal segment generally shorter than head; 
hamus arising from decurrent vein; long-winged forms common as a 
rine (Subeenus JVaprs Iatrenlle) iil Rae tid itll ke Oe ee ee 6. 

3. Bemerk. ueb. Nabiden, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belgique, Vol. 15, 1908, pp. 87-130. 








—— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 83 


5. Form very narrow; head about five times longer than wide between eyes; 
hemielytra in short-winged form rounded at apex, membrane lacking; 
iy Bet! eae bela OT U0 aa .....propinquus Reuter.. 

Form broader; head about three times longer than wide between eyes; 
shortened hemielytra truncate at apex, membrane present; length 
Say Ta 1100 REE CORR eae eke: eee CIEL 0 500 etd a limbatus Dahlbom. 

6. Hemielytra in long-winged form without three brown dots; undeveloped 

.hemielytra much shorter than abdomen; dorsal surface of abdomen dark 
brown, margin of connexivum and single or double median stripe pale; 
Retr earin, Ca) Panter eb CCIE RAL. ete dd tue odie Anal. flavomarginatus Scholz. 
Hemielytra in long-winged form with three brown dots, one on disc of 
corium, two on membranal suture; undeveloped hemielytra about as 
long as abdomen; dorsal surface of abdomen without median stripes....7. 
First antennal segment very slightly longer than anteocular portion of 
head; dorsal surface of abdomen black; tibize with black dots; copulatory 
hooks of male with large semicircular short-pointed blade and short 
Ee PRUNE CPIEEL Neti OR ek eV Pad sor ated ee ck cen satan inscriptus Kirby. 

First antennal segment much longer than anteocular portion of head....8. 

8. Colour gray; form narrow; markings of posterior surface of front and 
middle femora tending to become-a ‘transverse striping; tibiae 


“J 


‘ci TENG CUA GkS Bee echoes - dy aren Ue a Ve RAR taps ent ie Ronen Nena Aa | ae 
Colour reddish to dark brown; fore broader; femora conspicuously spot- 
ECD Sow CM EMC i hO SHUNIMLO oe cs .ccAucre-nsecte tess Scum seere teak foe ances. ees 10. 


9. Anterior femora extending beyond apex of head; copulatory hooks of 
male with large semicircular blade and stem broadened basally; 
gir iounts\0.45 a Sie gh 0 Ree Re ai RRO ee A eld cl ferus Linné. 
Anterior femora not reaching apex of head; arpuletoes hooks with small 
elongated blade and broad arcuate stem; length 6—-6.5 mm. (recently 
MALS RE (a VOL Whe oy Feit B00 0) 0125 a RR Oe ok ober bane Nene ACR brevis Scholz. 
10. Posterior tibiz dotted; colour dark brown; membrane in short-winged 
form with closed cells; hooks with small triangular blade and long, 
broad, undulated stem; length 6.5-8.5 mm................rosetpennis Reuter. 
Posterior tibize immaculate; colour pale reddish brown; membrane in 
short-winged form without closed cells; hooks with large, semicircular 
long-pointed blade and short stem; length 5.6—-7 mm...rufusculus Reuter’ 


ANTHOCORID. 
Genus Tetraphleps Fieber. 

Fieber, Wien. Ent. Monat., Vol. 4, 1860, p. 262, PI. 6, Fig. F; Id., Eur. Hem., 
1861, pp. 37-88, 135-136. 

Reuter, Monog. Anthoc., 1884, p. 56, 85. 

Slosson, Ent. News, Vol. 17, 1906, p. 326. 

Body finely pubescent; eyes slightly distant from pronotum; first rostral 
segment not extending beyond insertion of antenna; second antennal segment 
clavate, third and fourth fusiform. Sides of pronotum explanate and sud- 
denly curved inward anteriorly, extending more or less beyond level of base of 
pronotal collar. Membrane with four distinct veins. Metasternal canals 
nearly or quite straight, very slightly oblique, tending posteriorly, prominently 


84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


elevated and free apically, the longitudinal line extremely fine, very slightly 
curved, forming a right angle with the canal. / 

This genus is distinguished from Anthocoris Fallén especially by the ex- 
planate lateral margins of the pronotum, more distinctly punctate hemielytra, 
and the apical prominence of the metasternal canals. 


North American species of this palaearctic genus are here recorded for the 
first time, although Mrs. A. T. Slosson in her tenth Mount Washington list 
includes ‘‘Tetraphleps, n. sp.’”’ Finding an example of this genus among Mr. 
Moore’s material, I wrote Mrs. Slosson in regard to the matter, and I am in- 
debted to her kindness for the privilege of examining the specimen (determined 
as above by Heidemann) which served as a basis for the Mt. Washington record. 
This proves to be distinct from the Peaks’ Island specimen. Mr. Van Duzee 
has kindly sent for study an Ontario example, identical with the Peaks’ Island 
individual, which he had independently recognized as undescribed. Both 
species are distinct from the old world forms, and are characterized herewith. 


Tetraphleps americana, sp. nov. 


Dark piceous; head, pronotum, and scutellum concolorous; second antennal 
segment more or less distinctly paler at middle. Hemielytra light brown, 
variegated; apex of clavus, corium and embolium inwardly, most of cuneus, 
and the sutures and veins darker; membrane smoky brown, basal and two 
lateral spots, and vitte following veins white; membranal suture polished, 
broadly black from apex of clavus to origin of outer vein. Ventral surface and 
legs dark piceous; apices of femora, thoracic sterna, pleura, and epipleura (of 
hemielytra) paler. Rostrum piceous or black. 

Dorsal surface shining, with conspicuous slightly curled pale pubescence 
and a few long, erect black setz on head, pronotum, and scutellum. Head 
elongate (23-20 including eyes, excluding collar); vertex longitudinally rather 
convex, eyes moderately prominent, the transverse diameter of an eye not 
quite equal to one-half width between eyes (5-11); length of anteocular portion 
slightly more than twice the length of an eye, Juga strongly constricted before 
insertion of antenna, compressed and prominent at apex; anterior and of tylus 
rounded, apex of head thus bi-emarginate. Rostrum extending well beyond 
front coxe, second segment becoming slenderer before middle, more than twice 
length of third (80-14). Antennz with fine pale pubescence and rather numerous 
long erect sete, longer than head and pronotum together (52-45) ; first segment 
reaching middle of expanded portion of juga; second segment in length equal to 
width of head including eyes, enlarged in apical third; third almost cylindrical; 
fourth fusiform, thicker than second at apex; third and fourth equal in length, 
together longer than second (26-20). Pronotum obsoletely rugulose, with 
sparse, minute, but sharply distinct punctation posteriorly; length on median 
line two-fifths width at base; posterior margin broadly rounded at middle; 
lateral margins straight, strongly convergent, slightly rounded anteriorly; 
explanate portions very narrow, scarcely reflexed, reduced to a fine carina 
behind middle, extending anteriorly but little beyond level of base of collar. 
Scutellum polished, slightly tumid at base, transversely depressed just behind 
middle, transversely rugulose at apex. Hemielytra slightly narrower than 
abdomen at base of cuneus (9), apex of latter acute; length of membrane be- 


—s ~~ — CC 


fone 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 85 


yond level of cuneal apices distinctly less than length of cuneus; veins of mem- 
brane distinct, variable, connected apically by a very feeble arcuate vein. 
Length 2 3.35-3.67 mm.; width 1.39-1.50 mm 

Holotype.— 2, Peaks Island, Maine, 3 Aug., 1919, (G. A. Moore), in my 
collection. 

Paratype.— 2 , Ottawa, Canada, 1 Sept., 1905, (A. Gibson) (bears also 
label reading Gibson 7-21-12), in Van Duzee’s collection. 

This species is especially distinguished by the very narrow explanate margins 
of the pronotum, which do not extend forward to the middle of the pronotal 
collar and turn sharply inward and backward as they do in the palzarctic 
bicuspis Herrich-Schaeffer (vittatus Fieber). The proportions of antennal and 
rostral segments are somewhat different, the surface is more shining, and the 
fine pubescence of the dorsal aspect is twice as long in americana. Through 
the kindness of Mr. E. H. Gibson I have had for comparison a fine series of 
bicuspis, collected and determined by Montandon. 


Tetraphleps uniformis, sp. nov. 

Similar to americana except in the following characters: 

Colour almost uniform light brown, head a shade darker, hemielytra a 
shade lighter. Membrane light smoky brown, with a very vague paler area at 
base and one along middle portion only of each vein. Tibiz inwardly and 
apices of femora pale. 

Head excluding collar and including eyes as long as broad; the diameter 
of an eye distinctly less than one-half width of vertex (5-13) ; length of anteocular 
portion distinctly less than twice the length of an eye (12-8). Antenne long 
and slender, much longer than head and pronotum together (60—45); first seg- 
ment reaching almost to apex of juga; second segment longer than width of 
head including eyes (24-22). Pronotum distinctly transversely rugulose in 
basal area, the punctures here most extremely fine. Basal emargination very 
obtusely angulate, not rounded (possibly a variable character). Lateral ex- 
planate margins very narrow, but appreciably reflexed. Apex of cuneus nar- 
rowly rounded. Membrane long, its length beyond cuneal apices equal to length 
of cuneus. Length 2 3.68 mm.; width 1.46. 

Holotype.— 2 , Mt. Washington, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), in 
Mrs. Slosson’s collection. 

This species may be distinguished from americana by its pale, uniform 
coloration and by the proportions of head, antenne, and membrane. Probably 
the American forms will be found to occur on coniferous trees, since the European 
I. bicuspis is reported as frequenting firs and larches in England. 

Van Duzee has communicated to me his opinion that Provancher’s de- 
scription‘tof Teiraphleps canadensis seems to refer to a true Tetraphleps, although 
the specimen bearing this name in the Provancher collection is a species of 
Lyctocoris. The mention of hemielytra ‘‘A coin fort long’? and membrane 
“avec 4 nervures longitudinales trés distinctes’’ would favour this opinion, but 
on account of the omission of more important characters it is hardly possible 
to reach a certain conclusion. Provancher’s description is scarcely detailed 
enough for specific recognition, and even as far as it goes it fails to apply closely 
to either of the species characterized above. 

4. Pet. Faune Ent. Can., Vol 3, 1886, p. 90. 





86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Triphleps insidiosa var. tristicolor White. 29 July, ’18. New to the 
Maine list. 

MIRID&. 

Collaria meilleurtt Provancher. 29 July, 18; 1 Aug., ’19. 

Miris dolabratus (Linné). 24 July, 718. 

In his exhaustive accounts of this species,> Professor Osborn advances the 
hypothesis that it is an introduced form, having reached this country about 
1800, but it seems to me at least equally probable that it is truly holarctic. 
Horvath® includes dolabratus in his list of species which owe their presence 
here ‘‘non a une importation artificielle,’’ adducing divers general considerations 
not touched upon by Osborn. With reference to the five arguments proposed 
by the latter, we may note that the early records of Hemiptera.omit also many 
very common and certainly native forms and are in general too fragmentary 
to have much weight in the matter; that the indications of ‘‘a gradual west- 
ward and southward dispersal’ may possibly be correlated with the spread of 
interestin the Hemipterarather than with the movements of the species; and that 
the presence of dolabratus in the interior of British Columbia (Lillooet) and in 
wild parts of northern Maine (Traveller Mt.), according to records which I 
have published, is not very likely to be due to the introduction of cultivated 
grasses from Europe. The species occurs in Siberia, as well as in Europe, and 
we should await further evidence from the interior of British America and from 
Alaska before considering the question as séttled. 

Stenodema vicinum (Provancher). 24 July, ’18; 3 Aug., 719. 

Platytylellus insitivus (Say). 4 Aug., ’19. 

Pithanus maerkelii (Herrich-Schaeffer). 30 July, ’18; 31 July ,'19. 

Another species which may be either holarctic or introduced. 

Neurocoplus nubilus (Say). 31 July, ’18. 

Phytocoris lasiomerus Reuter. 3 Aug., '19. 

Phytocoris pallidicornis Reuter. 8 Aug., ‘19. 

Phytocoris eximius Reuter. 6 Aug., ‘19. 

Phytocoris tibialis Reuter. 3 Aug., 719. New to the Maine List. 

Phytocoris mundus Reuter, var. 31 July, ’18. 

Adelphocoris rapidus (Say). 31 July, ’19. 

Poeciloscytus basalis Reuter. 3 Aug., ’18. 

Capsus ater (Linné). 24 July, 718. 

Coccobaphes sanguinareus (Uhler). 10 Aug., ‘19. 

Lygus pratensis var. oblineatus (Say). 3 Aug., ’18. 

Lygus pabulinus var. signifer Reuter. 20 Vly, lee OLd Wile, . lo. 

Lygus confusus Knight. 10 Aug., 719. 

One male and two females of this species, hitherto known only from the 
single type and an associated female. Knight has studied and determined 
these specimens. 

Lygus communis Knight. 3 Aug., 719. 

Lygus omnivagus Knight. 27 July, ’18. 

Lygus belfraget Reuter. 2 Aug., ’18; 28 July, 19. 


5. The meadow plant bug, Bull. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., No. 276, 1919. The meadow 
plant bug, Miris dolabratus, Jour Agr. Research, Vol. 15, 1918, pp. 175-200. 

6. Rels. entre faunes Hém. Eur. et Am., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Vol. 6, 1908, pp. 
1-14. 





——— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 87 


The second specimen recorded has the clavus entirely dark and the apical 
dark spots of corium larger than usual though, as is characteristic of the species, 
they fail to reach the lateral margins. 

Lygus hirticulus Van Duzee. 29 July, 18. 

Camptobrochis nitens Reuter. 8 Aug., ‘19. 

Camptobrochis sp. 30 July, ’19. 

Determined by Knight, who is at work on the genus. 

Monalocoris filicis (Linné). 29 July, "18; 10 Aug., ’19. 

Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say). 30 July, 719. 

Dicyphus agilis (Uhler). 30 July, 18. 

Dicyphus famelicus (Uhler). 26 Aug., ’19. 

Strongylocoris stygicus (Say). 6 Aug., 719. 

Pilophorus amoenus Uhler. 31 July, ’18. 

Lopidea media (Say). 29 July, 719. 

Diaphnidia pellucida (Uhler). 30 July, 19; 4 Aug., ’18. 

Orthotylus flavosparsus (Sahlberg). 31 July, ‘18. 

Orthotylus cruciatus Van Duzee. 2 Aug., 18. 

Ilnacora malina (Uhler). 3 Aug., 719. 

Onychumenus decolor (Fallén). 26 July, ’19. 

Plagiognathus spp. 

Several species which cannot be determined at present. 

Campylomma verbasci (Meyer-Diir). 29 July, ’18. 

GERRID&. 
Gerris marginatus Say. 28 July, 718; 8 Aug., 719. 
Limnoporus rufoscutellatus (Latreille). 8 Aug., 719. 





NOTES ON THE LARVA AND PUPAE OF CERTAIN 
PLE ROPAORID SPECIES, (LEPID.).* 


BY J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., 
Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. 


In the vicinity of Chelsea, Que., a small village on the Gatineau River 
about nine miles north of Ottawa, I found the larve of four Pterophorid species 
quite abundant during the latter half of May, 1919. Two species, Pterophorus 
elotii Fern. and P. eupatoriit Fern., occurred on Eupatorium; two others, Ptero- 
phorus homodac:ylus Wik. and Trichoptilus lobidactylus Fitch. fed on the terminal 
buds of a Solidago species, the latter being very numerous, the former com- 
paratively rare. 

Dr. Dyar (1898, Psyche, VIII, 249) has already published notes on the 
larval and pupal stages of three of these species, viz., T. lobidactylus, P. elliotii, 
and P.eupaiorii; in the same paper he is inclined to doubt the specific distinctness 
of P. homodaciylus from P. elliotiii, which is not to be wondered at when the 
great similarity of the adults is taken into consideration. Dr. Dyar is correct 
in considering the larval description of homodactylus published by Fernald in 
his monograph of the Pterophoride (p. 41) to be that of elliot#i; both larva and 
pupa of the true homodactylus (the Solidago feeder), however, show excellent 
characters whereby they may be separated from elliotii and the two are un- 


doubtedly distinct species. 
April, 1920 


88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


I append my notes on the larve and pupe of all four species as they serve 
to amplify in some instances Dr. Dyar’s notes; the figures of the pupz show the 
very characteristic arrangement of tubercular sete and secondary hairs, a feature 
quite constant in each species. 


Trichoptilus lobidactylus Fitch. 

Larva (full-grown).—Head ochreous. Body cylindrical, green, with slightly 
darker mediodorsal line, due to the dorsal vessel showing throughtheintegument, 
and containing on each segment centrally a minute black dot; several other 
similar black points are scattered with more or less regularity over the integu- 
ment, the most constant being a single one ‘midway between tubercles II and 
III and another, rather linear in shape, before the spiracle. Subdorsally there 
is a series of large, brownish, rectangular, chitinous patches extending across 
the major portion of each segment and containing tubercles I and II which are 
represented by two long brownish sete, arising from the centre of each patch, 
very glutinous, swollen irregularly several times during their length and club- 
shaped at their tips; the posterior portion of each patch contains two minute, 
whitish, club-shaped sete. Tubercle III is represented on the abdominal 
segments by a single long brownish seta, a short anterior whitish one and a 
minute posterior hair (?IIIa of Dyar). Tubercle IV+V, directly below the 
spiracle, consists of an anterior shorter and a posterior longer clubbed white 
seta arising from a brownish base: there are usually also two further minute 
white clubbed hairs situated respectively on the ventral and on the posterior 
margins of this dark base. Ventral to the tubercles and on the posterior margin 
of each segment are generally several minute white clubbed hairs. A single 
white unclubbed hair arising from a dark base and surrounded by other minute 
hairs probably represents tubercle VI and two or three small hairs at the base 
of the prolegs constitute tubercle VII. 

On the thoracic segments the dorsal setae show some variation from that 
normally found on the abdominal segments; on the mesothorax tubercle I+II 
consists of two long sete and one minute white one whilst on the metathorax 
only a single long dorsal hair is found. On both segments tubercle III shows 
two long sete. The prothorax has a row of six long hairs along the anterior 
margin with a second row of six immediately behind these; the dorsal area 
corresponding to the prothoracic plate is covered with fine, minute, white, 
clubbed hairs. Ventrad and anterior to the spiracle is a tubercle bearing three 
hairs. All spiracles pale, brown-ringed. Length 10 mm. 

The arrangement of tubercular hairs as listed above differs in several points 
from Dr. Dyar’s figure of the fifth abdominal segment of this species (1899, 
Ent. Rec. XI, pl. 1, Fig. 1) but this is in the main due, I believe, to slight 1n- 
constancy in the number of small white secondary hairs which may occur on 
each primary tubercle; Dr. Dyar’s figure accentuates these secondary hairs, 
giving the impression that they are nearly as long as the primary, dark ones, 
which was far from the actual case in all specimens examined by me. 

Pupa (Fig. 1).—Rather bluntly truncate at apex with four short horns 
arising from the base of the antennal and eye-sheaths and a distinct sub-dorsal 
ridge extending as far as fourth abdominal segment. Colour green, with the 
horns and surrounding area extending over the prothorax vinous pink; a large, 

*Contributed from Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 


’ 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SY) 


pink, dorsal patch is also present on each of the third and fourth abdominal 
segments (not segments 4-5 as stated by Dr. Dyar). The wing-cases are 
darker green than the remainder of the pupal integument and _ possess three 
more or less complete parallel rows of minute white clubbed hairs; the sheaths 
of the legs and mouth-parts are not.very clearly differentiated and are well 
sprinkled with minute white warts or lenticles, particularly numerous on the 
eye caps. The tubercular sete of the larval stage are present, tubercles I and 
II being situated on the subdorsal ridge and particularly prominent on the 
pink-coloured segments. The prothoracic plate and the dorsal portions of the 
other thoracic segments are heavily sprinkled with small white lenticles; these 
lenticles on the abdominal segments are generally restricted to the area con- 
tiguous to the tubercular seta, this area being bounded posteriorly by a row 
of four or five short white clubbed hairs placed at regular intervals. The cephalic 
portion of the modified tenth abdominal plate contains a cluster of minute 
pinkish hairs and the cremaster is composed of a larger cluster of similarly 
coloured, glutinous hairs. 


Pterophorus homodactylus WIk. 


Larva (full-grown).—Head pale greenish ochreous. Body light green with 
dorsal ochreous line broken in the centre of each segment so that the anterior 
portion tends to form a short inverted Y, and the posterior portion, commencing 
as a fine line, thickens into a small elongate diamond-shaped patch, again narrow- 
ing at the rear of each segment. A broken, subdorsal, ochreous line is also 
present, situated dorsad to tubercle III and curved downward on the posterior 
portion of each segment; traces of a spiracular line are present on the thoracic 
segments. 


The hair arising from the tubercles is long, dull-white and slightly barbed; 
the normal arrangement of sete on an abdominal segment is as follows:— 
tubercles I and II are distinct but contiguous; I has four long subequal sete, 
II bears two similar ones and a further short posterior one, pointing backward. 
Tubercle III shows one long central seta and two shorter anterior ones, bent 
forward. On the first seven abdominal segments a single hair on the posterior 
margin of the segment dorsad to the spiracle probably represents IIla. Tubercle 
IV+V is very large and situated directly on the lateral flange; it bears about 
twelve hairs, mostly long. Directly behind them is a tubercle bearing two 
medium-sized hairs and two short ones; this is presumably IIIb of Dyar. 
Tubercle VI, below the flange, bears ten to twelve hairs and VII is represented 
by several hairs at the base of the prolegs. The thoracic segments show the 
usual modifications: on the mesothorax I+II bears three long, subequal hairs 
and one short anterior hair and on the metathorax this number is increased by 
a single moderately long hair; both segments show a single hair directly posterior 
to this group. Tubercle III shows four sete of which the central one is the 
longest; in line with the abdominal spiracles near the rear edge of the segment 
is a tubercle which bears one medium hair and one small hair pointing back- 
wards (?IIIb). The prothoracic plate is not well defined; two large patches of 
white hair project over the head; behind these are two long single hairs and 
on the posterior portion three tubercles, the central one bearing two hairs and 
each lateral one three. Two large lateral tubercles with numerous hairs are 


90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


present, the raised spiracle being situated posterior to the upper one near the 
rear margin of the segment. Length 14 mm. 

Pupa (Fig. 2).—Pale green, with long, white, subequal hairs; wing-cases 
smooth with fringe of short hair only on margin of primaries. The ends of the 
leg sheaths project free but unequally above the fifth and sixth abdominal 
segments; the inner sheaths (prothoracic legs) reach to the rear edge of the 
fifth segment, the outer ones (mesothoracic) to the middle of the sixth segment; 
beneath these a third pair (metathoracic) projects still further, reaching nearly 
to the rear edge of the segment. The antennal sheaths are slightly shorter 
than the prothoracic legs. Apex of pupa sloping gently forward to base of 
antenne where a distinct crescentic flange or ridge is formed; a distinct sub- 
dorsal ridge is present, becoming obsolete caudad to the second abdominal 
segment. There is a narrow, cream-coloured dorsal stripe, a broad subdorsal 
one along the ridge, encircling tubercles I and II, two pale broken lateral stripes, 
slightly downwardly oblique from front to rear, the lower one broader and cross- 
ing tubercle III, and a creamy stripe along the lateral flange. 


The tubercular sete are reduced in number as compared with those of the 
larval stage; two white hairs arise from both tubercles I and II, tubercle III 
shows a single hair; tubercles IV and V appear to have become separated, 
both being situated on the lateral flange, the former with two, the latter with 
two or three smaller hairs. The number of dorsal hairs is increased on the 
two posterior abdominal segments and on the thoracic ones tubercle III shows 
the usual two seta. There is on the prothorax a posterior row of eight sete 
crossing the segment, a single lateral hair and a fringe of hairs across the apex. 

Apart from the different arrangement of tubercular hairs and the distinct 
food plant, the larva may be readily differentiated from that of ellioiti by the 
distinctly spiculate nature of the hair, the dull white colour of the same and the 
fact that the hairs are finer, subequal and considerably shorter than those of 
elliciti; the pupa is recognized by the lack of all secondary hairs and the absence 
of any fine hairs on the wing cases, except the single row along the lateral margin. 
In the imago the best point of distinction seems to be the absence in the present 
species of the dark costal streak above the base of the incision on the primaries; 
the whole costal portion from base to apex is suffused with smoky brown but 
there is no trace of the distinct dark costal streak which is clearly visible in 
elliot; of course, in rubbed specimens an exact determination is most difficult, 


Pterophcrus elliotti Fern. 

Larva (full-grown).— Head pale ochreous. Body light green with long, 
white, shiny, non-spiculate hairs from the tubercles, the longest being about 
4 mm. in length. Except on the prothorax there is a distinct creamy dorsal 
line broken in the centre of each segment by a small, round dot of the ground 
colour; traces of a pale subdorsal line are visible crossing tubercles I and I, 
especially shortly before pupation; a somewhat broken pale lateral line midway 
between tubercles I and III and a similar spiracularline, broken on the posterior 
portion of each segment. Prothoracic plate indistinctly defined, the arrange- 
ment of sete on this segment being similar to that found in homodacrylus. On 
the other thoracic segments tubercle I+I1 bears two long, central hairs and 
three shorter ones, two anterior and one posterior. A single minute hairissituated 


CAN. 


_ . 
=NT., 


Witeseial Te 


SS eee ey 


seesan 


af 5 a3 
Beene De oe heed 


Ss ‘ * . 
SRY ys ; . Se ie eae 


Dein fe 2 as Clan Waa 


=< SSS 
= sess Sa ae 


Fig. 1.—Puna of Trichoptilus lobidactylus Fi-ch. 
““ Pterophorus homodactylus Wik. 


Fig. 2— “ 
Fig. 3.— ‘ 


“ Pierophorus elltoiti Fe-n. 
Fig. 4 se 


“ Plerophorus eupatorin,Fern, 


PLATE 





92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


directly posterior to this group. Tubercle III shows two long central setz, 
two minute posterior ones and three longer anterior ones; tubercle IV has four 
long central hairs and six or seven shorter ones arranged in a crescent around 
the edge; three short hairs are present on a level with the abdominal spiracle. 
On the abdominal segments tubercle I bears one long, shiny, smooth, central 
seta, three anterior shorter ones and one posterior one, very minute; tubercle 
II is represented by a central, long hair, two shorter posterior ones, pointing 
backward, and one very short anterior hair; tubercle III bears the same number 
of sete as tubercle I; tubercle 1V-+-V shows four long central hairs and about 
seven shorter ones, arranged in a semicircle around the ventral portion of the 
tubercle; posterior to this group two short hairs, pointing backward, probably 
represent tubercle IIIb; tubercle VI is a large one with about twelve hairs of 
which several are long; several hairs at the base of the prolegs represent tubercle 
VII. ‘ Length 14 mm. 

Pupa (Fig. 3).—Very similar to that of homodactylus, green with the same 
pale ochreous markings: the white hairs from the tubercles are, however, shorter 
and more numerous, the abdominal segments contain a short white centrodorsal 
hair, midway between tubercles I, and the wing cases, besides the lateral fringe 
of fine hair, bear several additional rows of still shorter hair; the sheaths of the 
two posterior pairs of legs are also of equal length. On the first three abdominal 
segments tubercle I is preceded by a patch of small, white secondary hair, and 
on these same segments it bears one long central white hair, one anterior shorter 
hair and a single very short posterior one; on the remaining abdominal segments 
both the secondary hairs and the anterior tubercular hair are absent. Tubercle 
II is distinctly laterad to I, is large and bears a long, central, white hair, and 
five shorter hairs arranged around the circumference; dorsad to tubercle II 
is a single short hair and laterad to same tubercle, situated in the downward 
angle of the first pale lateral line, are two small white hairs, one directed forward, 
the other backward; below these again are two further short hairs on a line 
with tubercle III; this tubercle is situated on the second lateral line and bears 
one long hair pointing forward and one short hair directed backward; anterior 
to III on the first three abdominal segments are two short hairs. Below the 
spiracle and slightly posterior to same‘is a small tubercle with three shoft white 
hairs (?11Ib) and below this on the flange IV+V appears as a large crescentic 
tubercle with about eight long white hairs. Three short hairs, well below the 
flange, apparently represent tubercle VI. The thoracic segments show the usual 
modifications as well as considerable secondary hair on the posterior dorsal 
portion of each segment. 
Pterophorus eupatorii Fern. 

Larva (full-grown).—Head pale reddish ochre. Body pale green, becoming 
dorsally broadly suffused with purple-red when fully developed; a narrow 
ochreous dorsal stripe slightly broken centrally on each segment by a triangular 
green dot; traces of a broad pale subdorsal band crossing tubercles I and II; 
a narrow lateral line midway between tubercles I and III, bent downward 
posteriorly; a broken spiracular line. The principal sete from tubercles I-III 
are blackish, very slightly spiculate, long and subequal. On the abdominal 
segments tubercles I and II are in line, contiguous, each with two long black 
setze, the former in addition bearing two shorter anterior hairs, the latter with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 03 


two similar posterior ones and two very minute ones situated one posteriorly 
end one anteriorly. Tubercle III bears two long black seta and one or two 
short white hairs. Behind the spiracle on the posterior margin of the segment 
is a minute white hair. Tubercle IV+V bears five long central white hairs 
and about the same number of shorter ones arranged as a rosette around the 
central hairs; two short white hairs directed backward are found posterior to 
this tubercle; VI is very similar in arrangement of seta to IV+V and VII is as 
usual represented by several hairs at base of prolegs. On the prothorax a fringe 
of white hairs overhangs the head; behind this is a row of five black hairs and 
behind this row again are six black hairs arising from three tubercles, the middle 
one of which is centro-dorsal. On the meso- and metathoracic segments tubercle 
I+I1 bears five long black hairs, and two or three short anterior white ones; 
posterior to this group are two short white hairs arising from a small tubercle; 
tubercle III has two long black hairs and several shorter white ones. Length 
13 mm. 

Dr. Dyar’s statement (Psyche, VIII, p. 250) that ewpatorii larve feed on 
the underside of the leaf, concealed, whereas elliotti larvee feed exposed on the 
upper side, was not verified by my observations; both species may be taken on 
either the upper or underside of the leaf, a favourite place being among the 
terminal half-opened leaf-buds. 

Pupa (Fig. 4).—Apple green with purple-red suffusion each side of a pale 
centro-dorsal stripe; the lateral portions below the subdorsal ridge prominently 
purple-red with two oblique pale lateral lines and a similar spiracular one. 
Subdorsal and subspiracular flanges well-developed. Wing sheaths with lateral 
fringe of hair and further rows of short hair along the antennal and leg sheaths 
as in elliotti. Tubercles I and II on abdominal segments each with five or six 
finely spiculate white hairs, arranged more or less longitudinally, the central 
hair being longest. Dorsad to tubercle II is a single minute hair; on the first 
three abdominal segments dorsally is a small tuft of short hair anterior to tubercle 
I. Tubercle III, situated on anterior portion of the lower lateral stripe, bears 
only a single short white seta; posterior to it are two short hairs near rear portion 
of segment and arranged in line parallel to the segmental incision. Tubercle 
IV+V, situated on the lateral flange, is prominent, with about twelve long white 
spiculate hairs, and immediately anterior to it and close to the spiracle are two 
minute hairs arising from a small tubercle. Tubercles VI and VII are each 
represented by a couple of short hairs. The thoracic segments show the usual 
modifications in respect to the number of tubercular sete. 





THE HOUSE CENTIPEDE IN CANADA. 

With reference to the records of the House Centipede in Canada, pub- 
lished in Can. Ent., Vol. LII, p. 8, the following may be of interest. While 
living on King St., in London, Ont., we had occasion to renovate a part of the 
house which had been used as a ‘“‘back kitchen.’’ This brought to light speci- 
mens of the House Centipede in large numbers, and I| killed more than a hundred 
of them. Some were pinned in a box and shown to Dr. Bethune, the rooms of 
the Entomological Society at that time being in London. No special notes were 
made as the occurrence was not thought to be unusual. 

A. C. BAKER. 


94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


SOME RECORDS OF CANADIAN MYRIOPODS. 


BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, 
Cambridge, Mass. 


These notes are based upon a small collection of chilopods and diplopods 
chiefly from the region of Ottawa and Quebec City, Canada, made by Mr. 
Frits Johansen and by him sent to me for identification. The collection is 
especially interesting in containing representatives. of two European diplopods 
not previously known to cccur in America, Blaniulus guttulatus and Julus fallax. 
It seems desirable to place on record this first known appearance of these forms 
on this side of the Atlantic, occasion heing also taken to list the other species 
represented in the collection. All specimens were collected in 1919. 


DIPLOPODA. 
1. Polydesmus moniliaris Koch. 

This is a comparatively common form in the eastern United States north- 
ward from Pennsylvania through New York and New England. In the col- 
lection are two specimens from Ottawa, and one from Quebec City. 

2. Polydesmus serratus Say. 

A species abundant in the United States in the eastern portion and west- 
ward to the Mississippi valley. Six specimens, adult males and females, 
were taken at Ottawa. 

3. Blaniulus guttulatus Bosc. 

This interesting julid occurs throughout Europe, but is most abundant in 
the western parts, as in France, Belgium and Germany. In those countries it 
has been regarded as an injurious form, attacking various vegetables such as 
beans, potatoes, beets, cucumbers and gourds.* Numerous specimens of this 
form were taken at Quebec City in Sept., 1919. 

4. Julus coeruleocinctus Wood. 

This species is abundant from Pennsylvania northward through New York 
and New England. In New York particularly it has frequently been accused 
or suspected of damaging vegetable crops. It is represented in the collection 
by specimens from Ottawa and Quebec City. 

5. Julus fallax Meinert. 

One adult female of this species was taken at Ottawa. It is a Common 
European form, well-known both upon the continent and in England and Ireland. 
It has also made its way by ship as far as New Zealand, from where I have a 
number of specimens. 

6. Parajulus canadensis Newport. 

One specimen from Ottawa. Described originally from Canada, this 
species has also been found to occur widely in the northeastern United States. 
7. Parajulus venustus Wood. 

In the collection is a male from Alexander Bay, Thousand Islands, N.Y., 
taken Sept. 1, 1919. It is somewhat darker than is usual in the more typical 
specimens from the middle western United States, and the gonopods are also 
slightly variant. 





*Cf. Latzel, Die Myriopoden der Ost.-Ung. Monarchis, pt, 2, 1884, p. 253, and J. Ritzema. 
Bos, Tierische Schadlinge and Nutzlinge, 1891, p. 663. 
April, 1920 f 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 95 


CHILOPODA. 
8. Linotaenia chionophila Wood. 

One specimen from Ottawa. This is one of the most common North 
American chilopods, abounding particularly in the northern sections. It is 
common in Alaska and the Pribiloff Is., etc. It is, I believe, not separable 
from the common European Linotaenia acuminatus Leach, the latter name 
having the priority, but it seems best not to merge the two for the present. 
9. Lithobius forficatus Linné. 

Two specimens from Ottawa. This is common im Europe as well as in 


North America. It occurs across the northern United States as far as the Sierra 
Nevada Mts.; but does not occur at present on the Pacific coast. 


10. Sonibius politus McNeil. 
An immature female from Ottawa and an adult male from Quebec City. 


Previously known from the north-central United States. 


11. Sigibius puritanus Chamberlin. 
One specimen from Quebec City. Common in New England. 


12. Bothropolys multidentatus Newport. 
One specimen from Alexander Bay, Thousand Islands, N.Y. A form 
common throughout the eastern section of the United States. 





A NEW SPECIES OF TYPHLOCYBA (HEMIPTERA HEMOPTERA, 
TYPHLOCYBIDZ®). 


BY. Re MAMELOGEH: 
Urbana. Til 


The type of the species described herein is in the collection of the State 
Natural History Survey of Illinois. 


Typhlocyba appendiculata, sp. n. 


Male and Female.—Whitish testaceous; greenish or yellowish testaceous 
in life. Elytra with a moderately large, poorly defined brownish or fuscous 
spot in each of the cells basad of the cross nervures except the costal cell, and 
sometimes with a brown streak along the anterior margin of the clavus on its 
basal half. Body unmarked. 

Male.—Hypopygium similar to that of guwerci Fitch, but the two elongate 
ventral processes are more attenuated at apices and each has a short, thorn-like 
lateral tooth some distance from apex which is directed laterad. 

Female.— Apex of sheath of ovipositor not blackened. 

Last ventral segment transverse apically. 

Length 3.5 mm. to apices of elytra. 

Tyre, male and allotype, Elizabeth, Ill., July 8, 1917. Paratype, male, 
Urbana, Ill., July 17, 1916, on oak. Collected by the writer. 

This species closely resembles guerci Fitch, but the spots on the elytra are 
larger and less clearly defined than in typical querci, the male hypopygium of 
the latter lacks the lateral tooth, and the apex of the sheath of the ovipositor 


in the female of guerci is deep black, 
April, 1920 


96 THI CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


DR. C. GORDON HEWITT. 


It is with the most profound regret that we have to record the death of Dr. 
C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist, who died at Ottawa on February 
29, 1920, of pneumonia, following a brief, but very severe attack of influenza. 
He had been attending the meetings of the Conservation Commission in Mon- 
treal, and was taken ill on the day of his return to Ottawa, February 20. 


By his death Canada has lost one of her ablest men of science, and the 
Department of Agriculture a most valuable servant, through whose wide knowl- 
edge of economic zoology, farsighted judgment and great administrative ability 
the Dominion Entomological Service has developed to a remarkable extent in its 
scope and activities since his appointment as Dominion Entomologist in 1909. 

An account of Dr. Hewitt’s life and work, and a list of his publications, 
will appear in our next tissue. 





ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH DIVISION OF FOREST INSECTS. 


Mr. Ralph Hopping, in charge of forest insect investigations in British 
Columbia for the Division of Forest Insects, is supervising control operations 
in the beetle-infested yellow pine of the Cold-water valley and the adjoining 
district west of Merritt and Canford, B.C. The work is undertaken in co- 
operation with the Prov. Forest Branch of British Columbia, the Dominion 
Forest Branch and local lumber companies. The control methods include 
modified logging operations, the salvage of the timber when this is feasible, 
and the burning of the slash. Mr. Hopping is having excellent success in organ- 
izing this important work, and we entertain great hopes that a large body of 
fine timber will be saved thereby. 





CORRECTION OF TWO GENERIC NAMES IN 
COLEOPTERA AND HYMENOPTERA. 


In the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 56, p. 139, 
et sequa, the writer made premature use of the generic name Coleomegilla, its 
proper publication in another journal having been delayed and finally omitted. 
The name should be credited to Dr. T. D. A. Cockerell, who supplied the writer 
with the following note in September, 1918: ‘‘Mr. Timberlake asks concerning 
the name in whichI have had in manuscript since 1906 for the genus typified 
by Megilla maculata DeGeer, the name Megilla being preoccupied. It is Coleo- 
megilla, and if we adopt it the species becomes Coleomegilla maculata.’ (Signed) 
T. D. A. Cockerell. 


On page 190 of the same Proceedings the writer proposed the new genus 


Brethesia for aSouth American Encyrtid. This name is preoccupied by Brethesia 
Schrottky, and Brethesiella is here proposed to take its place, with Brethesia 
latifrons as type, the two included species becoming Brethesiella latifrons and 
abnormicornis. 

P. H. TIMBERLAKE. 





Mailed April 30th, 1920. 





CaN. Ent., LII. PLATE III. 








Che Canadian Entomologist 








VoL. LIT. LONDON, MAY, 1920. No. 5 








CHARLES GORDON HEWITT. 


In the death of Charles Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist and Con- 
sulting Zoologist, the biological sciences have lost a leader of exceptional ability. 
Not only was he held in the highest esteem by his colleagues of the Dominion 
Entomological Service, but entomologists generally the world over appreciated 
his brilliant attainments and marked executive ability. Although eminent 
in entomology his studies were by no means confined to this science. A broad 
study of economic zoology from the national standpoint occupied a large share 
of his thoughts particularly during the last four or five years of his life. 


During his eleven years of office he developed the Dominion Entomological. 
Service from a very small division, with one assistant and a stenographer, 
attached to the Experimental Farms Branch, to an important separate Branch 
of the Department of Agriculture. This development of the Entomological 
Branch was his most important achievement and the organization he perfected 
_ will remain a tribute to his great ability and zeal. The broad development of 
the Entomological Branch is instanced in the establishment of important Divi- 
sions at Ottawa, such as the Division of Field Crop and Garden Insects, the 
Division of Forest Insects, the Division of Foreign Pests Suppression, and the 
Division of Systematic Entomology, all under the immediate direction of highly- 
qualified Chiefs. In addition to these divisions of the work special officers have 
been given charge of such lines of study as Natural Control Investigations, 
Insecticide Investigations, and Stored Product Insect Investigations. In the 
various provinces too, field or regional laboratories have been established with 
trained entomologists in charge, who study local problems and disseminate 
information of value to agriculturists, horticulturists, lumbermen and others. 


In 1909, Dr. Hewitt recognized the importance of legislation to prevent the 
introduction or spreading of insects, pests and diseases destructive to vegetation, 
and as a result Parliament passed the Destructive Insect and Pest Act in May, - 
1910. Under the regulations of this Act inspectors were appointed to deal 
with the threatened spread of the brown tail moth in the Maritime provinces, 
and provisions were made for the prohibition, fumigation or inspection of nursery 
stock at definite ports ofentry. Inaddition to the brown tailscouting work, whichhe 
developed in co-operation with the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
wick, he also arranged for the collection in Massachusetts and establishment in 
eastern Canada of thousands of parasitic and predaceous enemies of the brown 
tail and gipsy moths. Dr. Hewitt was keenly interested in medical entomology 
and accomplished much useful work on problems related to the house-fly, mos- 
quitoes, ticks and other animals which spread disease. 


He was the author of important books and memoirs. His chief published 
work is the well-known book on the house-fly of which there were two editions. 
A smaller book on the same subject appeared later as one of the Cambridge 


97 


98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Manuals of Science and Literature. His departmental publications consist 
of a series of annual reports (1910-1916), bulletins, and circulars, chief among 
the latter of which are those dealing with the Honey Bee and the Large Larch 
Sawfly. Very recently he completed an important work on the conservation 
of the wild life of Canada, the manuscript for which is now ready for the press. 
The publication in 1919 of the various parts of an important volume on the 
insects collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, was brought 
about under his direction. 


Dr. Hewitt’s reputation was by no means confined to Canada. In addition 
to a wide connection among scientific workers in England his outstanding abilities 
were soon recognized by entomologists in the United States, where economic 
entomology particularly has reached such a high development. In the year 
1913 he was honoured by being elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society 
of America. In 1915 he was elected President of the American Association of 
Economic Entomologists. In Canada, in 1913, he accepted the Presidency 
of the Entomological Society of Ontario and in the same year was elected a 
Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In the following year he was appointed 
Honorary treasurer of the latter society, which office he held at the time of his 
death. He was a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London, England; 
a corresponding member of the Zoological Society of London and Honorary 
Fellow of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, London, England. 
He was a recognized student of wild life preservation and rendered valued service 
in the capacity of Secretary of the Advisory Board on Wild Life Protection. 
In March, 1918, he was elected President of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club 
for the year 1918-19. 


The gold medal of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds was presented 
to Dr. Hewitt on March 12th, 1918, in grateful recognition of successful efforts 
in furthering the treaty between Canada and tle United States for the protection 
of migratory birds. 


A short time before his death he was chosen as the first President of the 
recently organized Institute of Professional Civil Servants. In addition he was 
President of the Ottawa Boys Home, an ardent supporter of the Boy Scout 
movement and a Councillor of the Ottawa Humane Society. 


Dr. Hewitt was born near Macclesfield, England, on February 23rd, 1885. 
He was the son of Thomas Henry Hewitt and of his wife Rachel Frost. He re- 
ceived his early education at the King Edward VI Grammar School, Maccles- 
field, afterwards entering Manchester University, from which institution he 
received the following degrees: B. Sc. in 1902; M. Sc. in 1903, D. Sc. in 1909. 
He obtained first-class honours in Zoology at Manchester University, and was 
university prize man and scholar. In 1902 he was appointed by his alma mater 
Assistant Lecturer in Zoology, and in 1904-9 occupied the position of Lecturer 
in Economic Zoology. In 1909 he left England for Canada, having received 
the appointment of Dominion Entomologist. In 1916, his title was changed to 
that of Dominion Entomologist and Consulting Zoologist. 

On October 11, 1911, Dr. Hewitt was married at Canning, N.S., to Elizabeth 
Borden, daughter of Surgeon General Sir Frederick Borden, K. C. M. G., Minister 
of Militia and Defence from 1896 to 1911. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 99 
‘ 

Dr. Hewitt’s eminence as a scientist and administrator was widely recognized. 
As an ardent student of wild life he was deeply interested in the development 
of game reserves, bird sanctuaries and all plans for the protection of wild life. 
The versatility of his interests in science, literature, art, music, and social welfare, 
combined with the charm of his fine character, had endeared him to many 
personal friends. His remarkable ability and well directed ambitions enabled 
him to accomplish more in the thirty-five years he lived than is compassed 

by most men in a long lifetime. 


Dr. Hewitt had attended the meetings of the Commission of Conservation, 
at Montreal, on February 18th and 19th, at which he presented an important 
paper on ‘“‘Fur Bearing Animals, their Economic Significance and Future.’ 


Soon after his return to Ottawa on the 20th he was taken seriously. ill with 
influenza; this soon developed into pleural pneumonia and he died about 11 
p.m., on February 29, 1920. 


The following resolution was passed at a recent meeting of the Council of 
the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


“The Council of the Entomological Society of Ontario have learnt with 
extreme regret of the unexpected death of Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, a former 
President -of the Society, and Dominion Entomologist, and desire to place on 
record their high appreciation of his eminence in this branch of Science and of the 
notable work that he carried on by establishing field laboratories with capable 
managers in all the Provinces of the Dominion, in addition to the activities 
which he directed at the central office in Ottawa. They feel that the Society 
and Entomological Science in Canada have sustained a great loss which can 
hardly be over-estimated. Their sorrow in this bereavement is shared by a 
large number of Dr. Hewitt’s friends in the United States as well as by all those 
who were associated with him in this country. 


They wish to convey to Mrs. Hewitt their tribute of sympathy with her in 
the great loss that she has sustained and their high appreciation of her late 
husband as a leader and friend.” 


The senate of his alma mater passed the following resolution: 


“The members of the senate desire to express their deep regret at the death 
of Dr. Charles Gordon Hewitt, formerly a student, graduate scholar, and lecturer 
in the University. He attained to great distinction by his researches in Ento- 
mology and by his great administrative abilities as chief entomologist in the 
Dominion of Canada. 


They feel that by his early death a career of great distinction has been pre~ 
maturely closed. They desire that a copy of this resolution be sent to his widow 
and to his father.”’ 


ARTHUR GIBSON, 


J. M. SwaIne. 


100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


THE;WRITINGS OF THE LATE C. GORDON HEWITT. 


COMPILED BY C. B. HUTCHINGS. 
Ottawa, Ont. 


1905—Note on the Buccal Pits of Peripatus. Memoirs and Proceedings of the 
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. Vol. L, Part 1. 


1906—The Cytological Aspect of the Parthenogenesis in Insects. ‘‘Memoirs 
and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 
Vols hart ait, 
Some Observations onthe Reproduction of the Hemiptera = Cryptocerata. 
The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 
An Abnormal Vermiform Appendix in the Rabbit. The Journal of 
Anatomy and Physiology, Vol. XL. 
A Preliminary Account of the Life-history of the Common House- Fly 
(Musca domestica L.). Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester 
Literary and Philosophical Society, Vol. LI, Part 1. 

1907—Ligia. Liverpool Marine Biology Committee Memoirs on Typical British 
Marine Plants and Animals, XIV. 
On the Life-History of the Root Maggot, Anthomyia radicum Al. 
Journal of Economic Biology, Vol. II, Part 2. 
The Structure, Development and Bionomics of the House-Fly, Musca 
domestica L. PartI. The Anatomy of the Fly. Quarterly Journal of 
Microscopical Science, Vol. LI, Part 3. 
Some Arthrostraca and other Invertebrata from St. Kilda. Annals of 
Scottish Natural History. 
A Contribution to a Flora of St. Kilda: Being a List of Certain Lichens, 
Mosses, Hepaticzee and Fresh-water Alge. Annals of Scottish Natural 
History. 
On the Bionomics of Certain Calyptrate Muscide and their Economic 
Significance, with Especial Reference to Flies Inhabiting Houses. Journal 
of Economic Biology. Vol. II, Part 3. 
House Flies. Reprinted from the Annual Report and Transactions of 
the Manchester Microscopical Society, 1907. 

1908—On a New Phytophagous Mite, Lohmannia insignis, Berl. var. dis- 
similis n. var., with notes on other species of economic importance. 
Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Su cesanne 
Society, Vol. LII, Part 1. 
On an Enchytreid Worm Injurious to the Seedlings of the arch: 
Journal of Economic Biology, Vol. III, Part 2. 
The Biology of House-flies in Rees to the Public Health. The 
Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health. 
The Structure, Development and Bionomics of the House-fly, Musca 
domestica L. Part I11—The Breeding Habits, Development and the 
Anatomy of the Larva. (Reprinted from Quarterly Journal of 
Microscopical Science, Vol. LII, Part 4.) 
The Large Larch Saw-fly, Nematus erichsonii. Journal of the Board 
of Agriculture, Vol. XV, No. 9. 
On the Tent-building Habits of the Ant Lasius niger L. in Japan. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 101 


Memoirs and Proceedings.of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical 
Society. Vol. LIII, Part 3. 


1909—Tent-building Habits of Ants. Ottawa Naturalist, XXIII, 168-170. 
The Structure, Development and Bionomics of the House-fly, Musca- 
domestica Linn. Part I1I—The Bionomics, Allies, Parasites, and the 
Relation of M. domestica to Human Disease. Quarterly Journal of 
Microscopic Science, LIV, Part 3, pp. 347-414 


1910—Importance of Entomology in the Development of Canada. Report 
of the Standing-Committee on Agriculture and Colonization, 1909-1910, 
pp. 17-54. 

House-flies and the Public Health. The Ottawa Naturalist, XXIV, pp. 
30-34. 

Insects Destructive to Canadian Forests. Report of the First Annual 
Meeting of the Commission of Conservation of Canada, pp. 142-151. 
The Brown-tail Moth in Canada. Census and Statistics Monthly, III, 
pp. 73-74. 

House-flies and their Allies. Fortieth Annual Report of the Entomo- 
logical Society of Ontario, pp. 30-36. 

The Larch Sawfly, Nematus erichsonii. Fortieth Annual Report, Ent. 
Soc. Ont., pp. 20-21. 

The Teaching of Insect Life and its Practical Importance. Magazine’ 
of the West Riding County Council Vacation Course, No. 3, pp. 10-13. 
Fruit Pests. Annual Report of the Pomological and Fruit-growing 
Society of the Province of Quebec, 1909, pp.100-109 

House-flies and Disease. Nature, LX XXIV, pp. 73-75 

The House-fly, Musca domestica L. 195 pp., Manchester, The Uni- 
versity Press. 
The Spruce Budworm. Canadian Forestry Journal, VI, p. 93. 


Report of the Dominion Entomologist. Annual Report of the Experi- 
mental Farms, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 223-250. . 


1911—Warbles in Cattle. Census and Statistics Monthly, Dept. Agric., Canada, 
Vol. IV, pp. 118-119. 
The More Injurious Insects of the Year 1910. Forty-First Ann. Rep. 
Ent. Soc. Ontario, pp. 27-29. 
The Destructive Insect and Pest Act, and Regulations Issued There- 
under. Bull. No. 7, Second Series, Exp. Farms, Dept. of Agric., Canada, 
13 pp. 
Some Observations on the Practical Importance of the Study of Para- 
sitic Insects. Forty-first Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., pp. 62-64. 
Notes on Insect Pests. Census and Statistics Monthly, Dept. Agric., 
Canada. Vol. IV, pp. 146-148. 
The House-fly in relation to Public Health. Public Health Journal of 
Canada. Vol. II, pp. 259-261. 
The Spruce Budworm and Larch Sawfly. Report Canadian Forestry 
Association, pp. 107-113. 


102 


1912— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


The Preparation of a Catalogue of the Insects of Canada. Can. Ent. 
Vol. XLIII, pp. 273-275. Also published in Ottawa Naturalist, Vol. 
XXV, pp. 83-86. . ; 

The Teaching of Insect Life and its Practical Importance. Ottawa 
Naturalist, Vol XXV, pp. 63-67. 

The Hessian Fly. Census and Statistics Monthly, Dept. Agric. Canada, 
Vol. IV, pp. 201-208. 


The Chinch Bug. Census and Statistics Monthly, Dept. Agric., Canada. 
Vol. IV, pp. 231-233. 

On Coelopisthia nematicida Pack., a Chalcid parasite of the Large Larch 
Sawfly, Lygaeonematus erichsonu Hartig. Can. Ent., Vol. XLIII, pp. 
297-303. 

Daniel William Coquillett. A Obituary Notice. Can. Ent., Vol. 
XLIII, pp. 311-312. 

Report of the Dominion Entomologist. Ann. Report Experimental 
Farms Dept. of Agric., Canada, pp. 207-235. 

The Sheep Maggot Fly. Census and Statistics Monthly. Dept. Agric., 
Canada. Vol. IV, pp. 323-324. 


The Transmission of Typhus Fever by Lice. Can: Ent., Vol. XLIV, 
pp. 103-104. 

Investigations on Forest Insects and Forest Protection. Can. Forestry 
Journ., Vol. VIII, pp. 35-38. 

The Honey Bee. A Guide to Apiculture in Canada. Bull. 69, Exptl. 
Farms, Dept. Agric., Canada; being Bull. 2, Division of Entomology; 
45 pp. P 
Observations on the Range of Flight of Flies. Repts. Local Government 
Board on Public Health and Med. Subjects, N.S., No. 66. Further 
Reports on Flies as Carriers of Infection. London, pp. 1-5. 

An account of the Bionomics and the Larve of the Flies Fannia cani- 
cularis L., and F. scalaris Fab., and their relation to Myiasis of the 
Intestinal and Urinary Tracts. Jbid. pp. 15-22. 

Control of Grasshoppers and Locusts. Census and Statistics Monthly. 
Dept. Agric., Canada, pp. 157-158. 

The Division of Entomology. Can. Ent., Vol. XLIV, pp. 267-269. 
Some of the Work of the Division of Entomology in 1911. Forty-second 
Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc., Ont., pp. 25-27. 

Insect Scourges of Mankind. Forty-second. Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc., 
Ont., pp. 46-50. 

Thrips Affecting Oats. Forty-second Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc., Ont., pp. 
63-65. 

The Large Larch Sawfly, with an Account of its Parasites, Other Natural 
Enemies and Means of Control. Bull. 10, Second Ser., Entom. Bull. 
5, Exptl. Farms, Dept. Agric., Canada, 42 pp.. 

Fannia (Homalomyia) canicularis Linn., and F.scalaris Fab. Parasitology, 
Vol. V, pp. 161-174. 

House-flies and how they spread disease. Cambridge Univ. Press. 
XII, pp. 122 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 103 


The International Congress of Entomology. Can. Ent., Vol. XLIV, pp. 
343-346. 
The Control of Insect Pests in Canada. Bull. 9. Sec. Ser., Ent. Bull. 
4, Exptl. Farms, Dept. Agric., Canada, 13 pp. 
Legislation in Canada to prevent the Introduction and Spread of Insects 
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Bull. 6, Exptl. Farms, Dept. Agric., Canada., 36 pp. 
Annual Report of Dominion Entomologist for year ending March 31, 
1912. 
1913—Report of the Dominion Entomologist. Ann. Rept. Exptl. Farms, 
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The Spring Grain Aphis or “Green Bug.’’ Can. Ent., Vol XLV, pp. 
77-80. 
The Imperial Bureau of Entomology. Can. Ent., Vol XEV, pp. 171— 
174. Science, n.s. Vol. XXXVII, No. 957, pp. 659-660; Journal 
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The Insect Food of Fresh-water Fishes; its Economic Importance in Re- 
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Review of Entomology Relating to Canada in 1912. 48rd Annual 
Report, Ent. Soc., Ont., pp. 34-37. 
Bibliography of Canadian Entomology for 1911. Trans. Royal Society 
of Canada. Third series, Vol. VI, Section IV, pp. 115-127. 
1914—The Occurrence of the Warble Fly (Hypoderma bovis De Geer) in Canada. 
Can. Ent., Vol. LXVI, pp. 1-2. 
On-the Predacious Habits of Scatophaga, a New Enemy of Musca do- 
mestica. Can. Ent., Vol. XLVI, pp. 2-3. 
Note on the Occurrence of the Felted Beech Coccus, (Crytococcus fag, 
Baereus Dougl.) in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent., Vol. XLVI, pp. 15-16. 
The Protection of Birds in and around Ottawa. Ottawa Naturalist, 
Vol. XXVII, pp. 161-171. 
Sterility in Oats caused by Thrips. Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol VII, pp. 211-218. 
Bibliography of Canadian Entomology for 1912—Trans. Roy. Can. Soc. 
III. Ser. Vol. VII, Sect. IV, pp. 161-173. 
The Occurrence of a Slug in the Human Stomach. Parasitology, Vol. 
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Observations on the Feeding Habits of the Stable Fly (Stomoxys cal- 
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37-42. 
The House Fly (Musca domestica L.). Its Structure, Habits, Develop- 
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The Loss from Insect Pests in Canada. Agr. Gaz. of Canada, Vol. I, 
No. 10, p. 765. 


104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


An Incessant War. Agr. Gaz. of Canada, Vol. I, No. 10, pp. 789-790. 
Further Observations on the Breeding Habits and Control of the House 
Fly, Musca domestica. Journal Econ. Ent., Vol. VII, pp. 281-289: 
The Canadian Entomological Service. Science, Vol. XX XIX, pp. 570-571. 
The Canadian Entomological Service. Agr. Gazette of Canada, Vol. I 
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Municipal League of Boston, Vol. V, No. 6, pp. 9-13. 
Instructions to Importers of Trees, Plants and other Nursery Stock into 
Canada. Entomological Circular No. 4. Dept. Agric. Canada, 11 pp.; 
also revised addition, 14 pp. 
Control of Insect Pests in Manitoba with Particular Reference to the 
Enemies of Horticulture and Forestry. Rept. 15th and 16th Ann. 
Convention Manitoba Hort. and Forestry Assn. Winnipeg, pp. 101-108. 
1915—A Forecast of the Work for 1915. Agr. Gaz. of Canada, Vol. XI, No. 1, 
Dp. hb ati 
House-fly Control. Agr. Gaz. of Canada, Vol. XI, No. 5, pp. 418-421. 
The Outbreak of the Western Army Cutworm in Southern Alberta. 
Agr. Gaz. of Can., Vol. II, No. 6, p. 521. 
The House Sparrow. Agr. Gaz. of Can., Vol II, No. 9, pp. 837-88. 
New Entomological Laboratories. Agr. Gaz. of Can., Vol. II, No. 12 


? 
k 


pp. 1146-49. 

The Protection of Birds. Sixth Annual Report Com. of Conservation, 
pp. 117-119. Bhi a 
Jean-Henri Fabre. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XLVII, No. 12, pp. 
381-83. 


A Contribution to the Knowledge of Canadian Ticks. Trans. Roy. 

Soc. Can. Ser. III, Vol. [X, pp. 225-239. 

Notes on the Pupation of the House-fly (Musca domestica) and its Mode 

of Over-wintering. Can. Ent., Vol. XLVII, pp. 73-78. 

Two Serious Fruit-Pests New to Canada. Agr. Gazette of Canada, 

Vol. II, No. 8, pp. 732-37. 

An Early Reference to the Relation of Insects to Disease. Can. Ent., 

Vol. XLVII, No. 12, pp. 396-99. 

Report of the Dominion Entomologist, year ending March 31, 1915. 
1916—A Review of Applied Entomology in the British Empire. Annals Ent. 

Soc. Amer., Vol. IX, No. 1. 

The Suppression of Two Insects Affecting Tope: Special Circular. 

The Introduction and Establishment in Canada of the Natural Enemies 

of the Brown Tail and Gipsy Moths. Agr. Gaz. of Canada, Vol. III, 

No. 1, pp. 20-21. 

Outline of Work Projected for 1916. Agr. Gaz. of Canada, Vol III, 

No. 5, pp. 400-402. 

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Vol. III, No. 12, pp. 1032-1036. 

The Conservation of Our Northern Mammals. 7th Annual Report 

‘Com. of Conservation, pp. 32-38. 


Teas 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 105 


Conservation of Birds and Mammals in Canada. Report on Con- 
servation of Fish, Birds and Game, pp. 140-149. 

Frances Marion Webster. An Obituary Notice. Canadian Entomolo- 
gist, Vol. XLVIII, No. 3, pp. 73-74. 

Geoffrey Meade Waldo. An Obituary Notice. Canadian Entomologist, 
Vol. XLVIII, No. 6, p. 196. 

Annual Report of Dominion Entomologist, year ending March 31, 1916. 


1917—The Introduction into Canada of the Ichneumon Fly. Mesoleius ten- 
thredinis, a Parasitic Enemy of the Larch Sawfly, Nematus erichsonit. 
Agr. Gaz. of Canada. Vol. IV, No. 5, pp. 355-357. 


Mr. Tom Wilson. An Obituary Notice. Agr. Gaz. of Can. Vol. 
IV, No. 6, pp. 450-51. 

The Discovery of the European Ermine Moth (Yponomeuta) on Nursery 
Stock Imported into Canada. Agr. Gaz. Canada, Vol. IV, No. 7, pp. 
552-54. 

Fur Resources of Northern Canada. Eighth Annual Report Com. of Con- 
servation, pp. 119-122. 

A Review on the Sarcophagide of North America. Canadian Ento- 
mologist, Vol. XLIX, No. 1, pp. 34-36 

Regulations Under the Destructive Insect and Pest Act. Cir. 10, Ent. 
Br., Dept. Agriculture. 

Protection of Crops. Leaflet No. 1, Ent. Br., Dept. Agr. 

Prepare to Protect Your Crops Next Season. Leaflet No. 2, Ent. Br., 
Dept. Agr. 
Report of the Dominion Entomologist, year ending March 31, 1917. 


1918—Some Results of Scientific Research on Insect Pests in Canada. Agr. 
Gaz. of Can. Vol. V, No. 2, pp. 128-131. 
- The Conservation of Wild Life in Canada in 1917. Ninth Annual Report 
Com. of Conservation, pp. 118-139. 

Regulations Under the Destructive Insect and Pest Act. Supps. 1 and 

2 to. Cir. 10, Ent: Br., Dept. Agr: 
To Prevent Waste of Coarse Flour, Meals and Cereals by Insect Pests. 

Special Circular. 
Rats and Mice.—Leaflet No. 7, Ent. Br., Dept. Agr. 


1919—Investigations of Mosquitoes in Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. 
Agr. Gaz. of Can., Vol. VI, No. 3, pp. 233-34. 
The Use of the Aeroplane in Entomological Work. Agr. Gaz. of Can., 
Vol. VI, No. 10, p. 877. 
The Need of Nation-wide Effort in Wild Life Conservation. 10th 
Annual Report of Com. of Conservation. 
The Coming Back of the Bison. Natural History, Vol. XIX, No. 6, 
pp. 553-565. 
Joint Annual Reports of Dominion Entomologist for Years Ending 
March 31st, 1918 and 1919. In press. 
The Conservation of Wild Life in Canada. A Memoir. Recently 
completed. Arrangements for publication unsettled. 


106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


THE IMPORTED CURRANT WoRM. 


BY L. CAESAR AND G. GARLICK, 
Guelph, Ontario. 


Pteronus ribesii Scop. 


As nearly everybody who is at all familiar with currants and gooseberries 
has seen the imported currant worm, no description of the insect referred to 
will be necessary other than to state that it is the common bluish-green cater- 
pillar with black head and numerous black spots on the body, commonly found 
feeding upon the foliage of gooseberries and some kinds of currants. 

It is not our intention in this article to give a full account of the life-history 
and habits of the insect, but rather to draw attention to some points of interest 
and value discovered in a study made by the junior author for the senior at 
Burlington, Ontario, in the year 1919. 

Host Plants.—The first point of interest to which we would call attention 
is that of host plants. In reading over the literature, especially books. on 
Economic Entomology, one finds such statements as ‘‘The imported currant 
worm feeds upon currants and gooseberries’’ without stating definitely whether 
there are any exceptions, or “It feeds upon all kinds of currants and goose- 
berries.’’ Our experiments show that such statements are inaccurate, for in 
no case have we been able to see any proof that it will feed upon black currant 
foliage. In the field, we occasionally found eggs upon black currant leaves, 
but in no case was there any sign of feeding. In cages, larve could not be 
forced by any means in our power to feed upon such foliage and further, the 
adults could not even be induced to lay eggs upon black currant leaves, though 
they readily laid upon the leaves of red currants. Moreover, growers informed 
us that they had never seen any injury to black currants by this species. We 
believe, therefore, that there is practically no doubt that black currants are 
immune and that the host plants are red and white currants and gooseberries. 
Whether there are any species of gooseberries immune or not, we have not yet 
been able to discover. 

Time of appearance of adults in spring.—Before beginning our study 
we supposed that adults never appeared until the leaves were fairly well ex- 
panded, hence it was a surprise to find females present in large numbers in 
April and laying eggs before the largest leaves were the size of a ten-cent piece, 
and when the majority of the buds had just burst. 

Parthenogenesis.—By cage experiments it was discovered that eggs were 
often laid by unmated females, and that these hatched just as well as fertilized 
eggs; in fact, in the later broods the females avoided the males as far as possible 
and appeared to lay more eggs when unmated. The adults derived from these 
unfertilized eggs were, in every case, males. -This shows, therefore, that though 
mating is not necessary for the hatching of eggs, it is necessary for the perpetua- 
tion of the race. 

Length of pre-oviposition period.—In the case of most of our common 
insects, a period of several days elapses from the time the adults appear until 
eggs are laid. The imported currant worm and several other allied saw-flies 


are exceptions to this. In the case of the former insect, oviposition begins in a 
May, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 107 


few hours after the emergence of the adults. In one instance where careful 
record was made of the time, the period was only one hour and five minutes. 

Where eggs are laid.—The spring adults with very few exceptions lay 
their eggs in a chain-like arrangement along the main ribs or veins on the under 
surface of the leaves, the leaves chosen being almost always situated in the 
central, and lower part of the bush. Females of later generations are not so 
particular where they lay their eggs and sometimes place them almost indis- 
criminately over the leaves. This choosing in spring of the central part of the 
plant for oviposition is from the standpoint of control an important matter; 
because, when the eggs are hatched the young larve feed on the leaves nearby, 
eating at first little round holes in them and later devouring the whole leaf. 
They continue to feed gregariously in the central part of the bush until they 
are half grown, or even more. When the foliage is dense they have often eaten 
most of the leaves in this part of the bush before any but a close observer would 
notice that they are present. Accordingly, when they desert the central area 
~and disperse over the outer leaves, they quickly do a very great deal of damage 
to the plant, especially as they feed ravenously and continue to eat all day 
long. Hence the fruit grower who delays spraying until he sees the insects at 
work on the outer leaves is likely to be late to kill them before they completely 
strip his plants. 

Number of broods a year.—It is usually stated that there are only two 
broods. Our experiments however, show that in 1919 there was a regular 
spring brood followed by a partial second and a partial third brood, the latter 
two over-lapping greatly. The second brood of larve began to hatch from the 
eggs about a week before red currants were ripe, and hatching continued for 
fully a month. The third brood began to hatch a little more than two weeks 
after the fruit ripened. Adults which produced this brood continued to emerge 
in cages up into September. Fully half of the larve from the first brood re- 
mained in their cocoons throughout the year and did not transform into pupze 
and adults to produce a second brood. The same thing was true of larve of 
the second brood. | 

Fortunately the second and third broods appear to be of little importance, 

for from some not clearly demonstrated reason, the great majority of the larve 
of these two broods died soon after hatching. Therefore, by destroying the 
first brood but little fear may be felt from the second and third. 
. Natural methods of control.—Two kinds of parasites were discovered, 
one a Braconid and the other a Cynipid. In addition to this numerous larve 
and eggs were destroyed by Aphis lions and ladybird larve. Another factor 
in control is the heat of the soil, which destroys many larve that fall upon it 
accidentally or when seeking pupation quarters; and as mentioned above, large 
numbers of larve of the second brood for some unknown_reason died soon after 
hatching. In addition to this may be mentioned the fact that unfertilized 
eggs produced only males. 

Artificial methods of control.—There is scarcely any insect easier to 
poison than this. We discovered that as small a quantity as one-half pound of 
arsenate of lead paste in 40 gallons of water would kill small larve. Our recom- 
mendations are, however, to spray the bushes thoroughly with from one to 
two pounds of arsenate of lead paste, or from one-half to one pound of arsenate 


108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


of lead powder in 40 gallons of water. Apply the liquid as soon as the leaves 
are well developed on currants or just before the red currants come into bloom, 
and take special precautions to spray thoroughly the central and lower part 
of the bush; because this is where the young larve feed for a week or more after 
hatching. If Bordeaux mixture is used, arsenate of lime, a little weaker than 
either of the above strengths of arsenate of lead, may be used, or Paris green 
may be substituted at the strength of not more than one-quarter of an ounce 
to 40 gallons of the Bordeaux. Usually one good spraying is quite sufficient. 
If a second one is given, it should be about eight or ten days after the first, or 
‘soon after the red currants are well set. 

It may be worth mentioning in closing that Bordeaux mixture is a most 
valuable fungicide for currants, both red and black, and has the effect of pre- 
venting the foliage from dropping prematurely. In this respect it is much 
superior to lime-sulphur or the soda-sulphur compounds, and also to any of 
the sulphur or Bordeaux dusts that the writers are familiar with. 


EAST KOOTENAY DIPTERA. TIPULIDA—I. 


BY*Ce8. D. GARRET: 
Cranbrook, B.€. 


Under the admirable leadership of Dr. C. P. Alexander I have been doing 
some work on the Kootenay Tipulidae. The work has but started, but small 
as itis, the list of specimens is of some interest, for it contains three forms hitherto 
unknown from Canada. These are Dicranoptycha sobrina Will., Tipula dorso- 
lineata Doane and Rhaphidolabis neomexicana Al. The last is interesting, hav- 
ing been previously taken only at two localities in Colorado and one in New 
Mexico. The capture of Stygeropis fuscipennis Lw. also upsets the view that 
it is only a late season flyer, since in the Kootenays it is on the wing from May 
7th until July 14th. 

It is unfortunate that most of the captures have been females only, as these 
are, in many cases, difficult to determine, but later males will probably be 
taken, and doubtful names verified or corrected. 

The list as it stands is as follows:— 

Dicranomyia concinna Will. possibly D. venusta Bergroth, April 28......3,500 feet 


4 sp. near: alterata O:S, 09. only:;, Sept. 262i. ccnl. Gee ogo0er 
Dicranoptycha sobrina O.S. @ only. June 23, 719. July 3 to Aug. 

20, 18sec a ee eae tee 3,500 “* 
Geranomyia canadensis Western. Dead...........cccccccccceesseeseeeceeccscecenteeenseees 6,000 ‘ 
Helobia hybrida Mg. May 2..........0.ccccfcccccscstssesereeeees wh Roe ERAS OW. slat AVA: 3,500 “ 
Limnophila ultima OS. 1Oct: 2012s. dale ee ae ce er 3,500 “ 
Nephrotoma erythrophrys Will. Jume 26... im cisocccedik ccgteveetst se secetederdeveeseocets 3,500 ‘ 
Rhaplidolabis neomexicana Al. . : July 2h i iccepee tates heh ea leterd ee 3,500 ‘ 
Stygeropis fuscipennis Lw. May 7 to 20; July 14.0.0... eee 4,000 ‘ 
ees angustipennis Lw. ‘May 8'to June 160. nite. eles 3790044 

dorsolineata .Doane,., Aug. 540 Septr4nis 1a. alse hae. Jel 4,000 ‘ 
‘f sp. probably fragilina Al. @ only. 29 Sept. to Oct. 29.......... 3,500 ‘ 
‘‘-gp. close to’subienwicormis Doane. July 20.:...0......ie ices 3,500 “ 
‘ty. 6p.-probably 'tenaria dhwi8 -May-:22 voice. oil... ci mada 3,200. 
iS. «isp. females ionly.: (| t(AsowD5nirab.ccn ada. Ai@ial. tet iene 3,500 . { 
oO sp. females:onlys0 WMlay 29 e.n ieee sees cea eee ee 3, D00Se8 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 109 


NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA). PART IX. 


BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, 
Urbana, Illinois. 


The majority of the species considered in this part were secured by Dr. 
P. W. Claassen in Estes Park, Colorado. Others were taken by Messrs. Frison, 
Lindley and McAtee. The writer is indebted to all the above gentlemen for 
the privilege of studying this material. Unless stated otherwise, the types of 
the species are preserved in the writer’s collection. 


Elliptera coloradensis, new species. 

General coloration dark brown, the mesonotal praescutum brownish black; 
wings grayish subhyaline, the cord and outer end of cell 1st M? indistinctly seamed 
with brownish gray; cell 1st M? closed; Sc? located before the origin of Rs. 

Female.—Length 8 mm.; wing 10 mm. 

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, the flagellar seg- 
ments oval. Head dark brown. 

Pronotum obscure brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow 
with three broad, brownish black stripes that are practically confluent, restrict- 
ing the ground-colour to the humeral region and the lateral margins; scutum 
yellow, each lobe with two confluent brownish black areas; scutellum obscure 
yellow; postnotum dark brown. Pleura brownish yellow, the mesepisternum 
darker; mesosternum between the fore and middle coxe brownish black. Halteres 
pale, the knobs a little darkened. Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellow; 
remainder of the legs dark brown, the femora paler basally. Wings grayish 
subhyaline, the costal region indistinctly more yellowish; cord and outer end 
of cell 1st M? narrowly seamed with brownish gray; veins dark brown; stigma 
lacking. Venation: Sc rather short, Sc! ending about opposite two-thirds the 
length of Rs, Sc? located before the origin of Rs; R pale at the apex; R! bent 
suddenly cephalad at the tip so that cell R! is widened at its outer end; deflec- 
tion of R** slightly angulated; r-m oblique in position; cell /st M? closed, a 
little shorter than vein M1 beyond it; basal deflection of Cu just before the 
fork of M. 

Abdomen dark brown, the pleural integuments paler, the genital se;;ment 
paler. Ovipositor with the valves elongate. 

Habitat.—Colorado. 

Holotype— °, Fall River, Estes Park, August 24, 1919, (P. W. Claassen), 


Erioptera (Erioptera) subseptemtrionis, new species. 

Male.—Length 4.5 mm.; wing 6 mm. 

Similar to E. septemtrionis O.S., differing as follows: 

General coloration dark brown, the lateral margins of the praescutum and 
two stripes on the thoracic pleura paler. Legs dark brown, the femoral bases 
paler. Wings darker with the stigma much more distinct; veins straighter, 
M**, M3 and Cu! showing little tendency to bend toward the wing-tip as in 
E. septemtrionis. Male hypopygium with the spine of the inner pleural ap 
pendage much longer than in septemtrionis, appressed to the appendege and 
almost straight; the blade of this appendage is flattened and without a concave 
depression formed by a short, lateral ridge as in septemtrionis. 


Habitat.—Colorado. 
May, 1920 


110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Holotype—o, Fall River, Estes Park, August 24, 1919, (P. W. Claassen). 
Paratopotypes—2 ©o’s. 
Dicranota montana, new species. 

General coloration gray, the mesonotal praescutum with three brown 
stripes; wings pale brown, the stigma dark brown; a faint brown cloud at r-m; 
cell M! present; cell 1st M? open by the atrophy of m. 

Male.—Length 9.38 mm.; wing 9.2 mm. 

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne rather elongate, dark brown, 
the flagellar segments somewhat incrassated on their inner face. Head dark 
brown, presumably gray pruinose in dry specimens. 

Mesonotal praescutum gray with three conspicuous, dark brown stripes; 
scutal lobes dark brown; remainder of the mesonotum and the pleura dark brown. 
Halteres pale, the knobs slightly darker. Legs with the coxe dark brown 
basally, paler brown apically; trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of the 
legs dark brown, the femoral bases more yellowish. Wings with a pale brownish 
tinge; stigma oval, dark brown; a faint brownish cloud at the deflection of 
R® and r-m; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc! ending opposite 7; Rs short, 
strongly arcuated, angulated or weakly spurred beyond the base; R?‘**4 equal 
to or shorter than r-m; R?** before 7 longer than this cross-vein; outer deflection 
of R? close to the tip of R'; deflection of R® short to very short; cell M! present; 
cell 1st M? open by the atrophy of m. 

Abdomen dark brown, the pleural integument pale with a linear brown 
mark opposite each segment. Male hypopygium with the pleurites short and 
stout, the outer angles slightly produced; pleural appendage bifid, the outer 
arm short, fleshy, with numerous sete, the inner arm longer, flattened into a 
yellowish chitinized blade. Penis-guard a broad depressed structure, the caudal 
margin produced into three short points. 

Habitat.—Colorado. 

Holotype—<, Fall River, Estes Park, August 24, 1919, (P. W. Claassen). 

Paratopotypes—3 o’s. 

Nephrotoma sphagnicola, new species. 

Close to N. incurva (Lw.); occipital spot broadly subtriangular; mesonotal 
scutum trivittate, there being a narrow,black, median stripe in addition to the 
marks on the scutal lobes; thoracic pleura indistinctly spotted with reddish 
brown. 

Female.—Length 13.5-14 mm.; wing 10.5-11.8 mm 

Frontal prolongation of the head yellow, the dorso-median line black; 
nasus long, black; palpi dull yellow, the last segment passing into brownish. 
Antenne with the first segment brown, more reddish beneath; second segment 
pale; flagellum black 'Head broad, bright orange, the occipital mark broadly 
rounded or subtriangular, rather indistinct; a small brown spot on either side 
of the vertical tubercle, adjoining the inner margin of the eye; genz tinged wth 
dark brown. 

Pronotum dull yellow. Mesonotum pale orange-yellow with three black 
stripes, the median stripe very broad in front, narrowed behind; lateral stripes 
short, straight, not connected with the rounded velvety spot laterad of their 
anterior ends; scutum trivittate with black, a distinct, black, median vitta, in 
addition to the triangular black areas on the scutal lobes; scutellum brownish, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 111 


paler on the sides, with a narrow, blackish median vitta; postnotum orange- 
yellow, the median area brownish, broader on the posterior portion Pleura 
yellow, indistinctly spotted with reddish brown; a narrow, almost black line 
immediately before the base of the halteres, Legs with the coxe dull yellow, 
indistinctly brown at the base; trochanters dull yellow; femora dull brownish 
yellow, the tips darker; tibia brown, the tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark 
brown. Wings with a faint yellowish tinge, the costal area but little brighter; 
stigma dark brown; a narrow brown seam along the cord, passing along both 
branches of Cu to the wing-margin; tip of the wing narrowly darkened; a pale 
vitreous area in cell /s¢ R! before the stigma. Venation: cell M* broadly sessile; 
m-cu present, located just before the fork of M. 

Abdominal tergites obscure yellow; segment one with a black basal ring; 
other segments with the caudal margin blackened, this broadest on segments 
two to four, more or less produced cephalad medially so as to be almost con- 
tinuous along the dorso-median line; the black caudal margin is narrow and 
less distinct on the succeeding segments; lateral margins of the segments broadly 
dark brown; sternites yellow. Ovipositor with the tergal valves very long and 
slender, acute, greatly exceeding the sternal valves. 

Habitat.—Illinois. 

Holotype— ¢ , Antioch, Lake Co., June 5, 1919, (T. H. Frison). 

Paratopotype— @. 

Type in the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey. 

This species was submitted to Dr. Dietz for his expert opinion and he 
agrees that the fly is undescribed, most closely related to N. incurva (Lw.), 
from which it may be told by the diagnostic characters given above. The types 
were secured by Mr. Frison in a sphagnum bog, associated with other species 
of Tipulide of northern affinities (Limnophila poetica O.S., Tipula serta Lw., 
Tipula senega Alex., and others). 

Tipula claasseni, new species. 

Head and thorax brownish black; wings grayish subhyaline, the base and 
subcostal cell yellowish; abdominal tergites orange-yellow, trivittate with dark 
brown; ovipositor with the valves short and fleshy. 

Female.—Length 11.8-12 mm.; wing 13-14 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head rather short, narrowly dark brown above, 
obscure yellowish on the sides; nasus distinct. Antenne short, dark brown, 
the second scapal segment a little paler. Head dark brownish black, paler 
on the sides of the vertex and on the postgene. 

Thorax, in alcohol, dark brownish black, in dry specimens possibly prui- 
nose, the dorso-pleural membranes obscure yellow. Halteres light brown. 
Legs with the coxe and trochanters brownish black; femora reddish, narrowly 
tipped with dark brown; tibize brown, the tips slightly darker; tarsi brownish 
black. Wings grayish subhyaline, the base strongly yellow; cells C and, espe- 
cially, Sc, light yellow; stigma small, brown; a conspicuous obliterative area 
before the stigma in cell /s¢ R! and another in the end of cell R that crosses 
vein M‘ and almost fills cell {st M?. Venation: Rs long, longer than R* but 
shorter than R?; R?*3 a little longer-than r-m; deflection of R*** short or practically 
obliterated, the 7-m cross-vein correspondingly lengthened; cell {st M? small, 
pentagonal; petiole of cell M7 a little longer than m; m-cu short. 


112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Abdominal tergites orange-yellow with three conspicuous brownish black 
stripes, on the subterminal segments the entire sclerites are darkened; basal 
sternites yellow, the others passing into brown. Ovipositor with all the valves 
short and blunt, somewhat as in the bicornis and collaris groups of the genus. 

Habitat.—Colorado. 

Holotype— @, Lawn Lake, Estes Park, altitude 11,000 feet, August 27, 
1919, (P. W. Claassen). 

Paratopotype— @ . 

This curious fly might well be mistaken for a male, but the specimens are 
undoubtedly females. Somewhat similar structures are found in the collaris 
and bicornis groups. The species is respectfully dedicated to the collector, Dr. 
P. W. Claassen. 


SUMMARY OF WOOD’S MYRIAPODA PAPERS. 


BY HORACE GUNTHROP, 
Washburn College, Topeka, Kansas. 

We note by Science! that Dr. Horatio C. Wood, emeritus professor of 
materia medica, pharmacy and general therapeutics in the Medical School of 
the University of Pennsylvania, died January 3, last, at the age of 79. Before 
taking up the study of medicine, he was interested in natural history, and was a 
worker in the Academy of Natural Sciences, publishing several papers in the 
Insecta, and nine on the closely related group Myriapoda. In these latter we 
have by far the most extensive work done in this country on this group by any 
individual up to his time, and these papers must rank as the foundation on 
which all work on the Myriapoda has since been built. 

The first of these papers (1)? was a preliminary report on the genus Scolo- 
pendra, and describes four species as new. The next year he issued a general 
catalogue of the Chilopoda (2) in which two new genera and twenty-nine new 
species are included. In the following year three papers appeared, the first on 
the Polydesmidz (3) includes the descriptions of ten new species, the second 
one on the Julide (4), fourteen new species, and the last (5), two new genera 
and the same number of species. In 1865 appeared his ‘‘Myriapoda of North 
America” (6), in which there are eighteen genera and ninety-two species listed, 
three of the latter being classed as new. This is an extensive monograph illus- 
trated with numerous cuts and three plates, two of which are coloured. It 
discusses the external structure, and brings the systematic side of the subject 
up to date, reviewing the work of all earlier writers with the notable exceptions 
of C. L. Koch and Saussure, whose writings must have been unknown to Wood, 
judging from omissions and the resulting synonyms. The same year he published 
the one paper he wrote on foreign material (7), describing a new genus (Oligaspis) 
and species (O. puncticeps) from Port Natal, and a single new species (Glomeris 
bicolor) from Hong Kong. His work on the group closed with two short papers 
published in 1867, the first one (8) describing four new species from Texas, and 
the second (9), six new species from Illinois and California. He retained his 
interest in insects for some time after this, but after 1875 cellular botany and 
medicine filled all his time. 

1. Vol. 51:106-107. Ja 30, 1920. 


2. Numbers in parenthesis refer to bibliography at end. 
May, 1920 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 113 


In all, Dr Wood described four new genera (Bothropolys, Opisthemega, 
Octoglena and Brachycybe) from the United States, and one foreign genus, and 
a total of seventy-two species from this country, and two from elsewhere, mak- 
ing a grand total of five genera and seventy-four species of Myriapoda to be 
placed to his credit. 

The following is a list of the new species described by Wood from the 
United States :-— 


Chilopoda— Diplopoda— 

Cermatia lincect. Octoglena bivirgata. 
Lithobius bilabiatus. Brachycybe lecontit. 
- paucidens. Julus venustus. 

Bothropolys nobilis. ‘ pilosiscuta. 

ia xantt. ‘*  oregonensis. 

r. bipunctatus. ‘“  ammaculatus. 

Scolopendra castaneticeps. ‘“ canaliculatus. 

ks polymorpha. “ laqueatus. 

th parva. ‘  milesit. 

‘4 byssina. ‘“ cinereifrons. 

in longipes. ‘*  caeruleocinctus. 

Py copeana. ‘* hortensis. 

" bispinipes. ‘*  virgatus. 
Cryptops asperipes. * C@estus. 
Opisthemega postica. ‘*  diversifrons. 


ie spinicauda. Spirobolus spinigerus. 
Scolopocryptops gracilis. i UNnCcigerUus. 
ey spinicauda. hj angusticeps. 
zr lanatipes. Spirostrephon caesioannulatus. 
Geophilus cephalicus. Polydesmus trimaculatus. 
i brevicornis. ; corrugatus. 
Zi laevis. : bifidus. 
te bipuncticeps. x crassicutis. 
Mecistocephalus quadratus. a cerasinus. 
+ fulvus. ° eruca. 
ir melanonotus. a placidus. 
- limatus. ‘. floridus (var?) 
Sirigamia gracilis. , haydenianus. 
1 inermis. Ai hispidipes. 
ze bothriopus. * seliger. 
bidens. m impurus. 
FY laevipes. * dissectus. 
" taentopsis. 
maculaticeps. 
: laticeps. 
Mi cephalica. 
2% parviceps. 
F, epileptica. 
i chionophila. 


walker. 


114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Horatio C. Woop. 


(1) 1861. Descriptions of new species of Scolopendra in the collection of the 
Academy. Proc. Phita. Acad., pp. 10-15. 
(2) 1863. On the Chilopoda of North America, with catalogue of all the speci- 
mens in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Jour. Phila. 
Acad: me Be, Nol: V;, pp, 5-52, 
(3) 1864. Descriptions of new species of North American Polydesmide. 
Proc. Phila. Acad., pp. 6-10. 
(4) 1864. Description of new species of North American Julide. Proc. Phila. 
Acad.,, pp. 10-15. 
(5) 1864. Description of new genera and species of North American Myriapoda. 
Proc. Phila. Acad., pp. 186—187. 
(6) 1865. On the Myriapoda of North America. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 
Vol. XIII, pp. 137-248, pls. I-III. 
) 1865. New Polyzoniide, Gervais. Proc. Phila. Acad., pp. 172-173. 
) 1867. Descriptions of new species of Texan Myriapoda. Proc. Phila. 
Acad., pp. 42-44. 
(9) 1867. Notes on a collection of California Myriapoda, with descriptions 
of new Eastern species. Proc. Phila. Acad., pp. 127-180. 





NOTES ON SOME MOSQUITOES NEW TO CANADA. 


BY ERIC HEARLE, 
Guelph, Ont. 


Psorophora sayi Dyar and Knab. 


This beautiful insect has not previously been recorded from Canada, 
although it is reported from the Atlantic and Gulf states, the Mississippi Valley, 
Cuba and the Bahamas. 

The single specimen obtained by the writer was taken near Jordan, On- 
tario, on August 8rd, 1916. It was in woods, attempting to bite at 8.30 in the 
morning. With it were a number of Aedes canadensis. 

This is a very distinctive mosquito; in the sunlight most of the scales give 
off vivid purple reflections. The hind tibiz and some of the hind tarsal segments 
have many erect, dark purple scales which give a brush-like appearance to 
these parts. The apices of the hind legs are white: the two distal tarsal seg- 
ments and part of the preceding one being entirely white-scaled. The abdomen 
is dark-scaled, the scales having violet reflections. At the apex of each seg- 
‘ment, on eachside, there is a lateral yellow triangular patch. The venter is 
vellow-scaled. 

Aedes triseriatus Say. 

There is no previous Canadian record of this very interesting little mos- 
quito. Howard, Dyar and Knab give its distribution as the United States 
east of the Rocky Mountains. 

The writer found the species to be a fairly common one in woods in Southern 
Ontario. Females only were taken and these were found to bite fiercely during 
the day, but collections made after nightfall gave no specimens. Quickness of 
movement and a highly-strung sense of danger characterizes the species which 


is a very illusive one. 
May, 1920 


5 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST i 
The writer's specimens were taken at Jordan, Ontario, on August 3rd, 
1916. Dr. E. M. Walker kindly loaned for examination specimens of males 
and larve of triseriatus taken by him at De Grassi Point, Ontario. The larve 
were obtained from a tree-hole on July 4th, 1917, and the males bear the date 
June 23, 1917. These were reared from larve taken from the same tree-hole. 
Aedes triseriatus is a small black and white mosquito in which the markings 
are very characteristic. The mesonotum has a broad band of dark brown 
scales running from base to apex and covering the central half. The sides are 
pure-white scaled. The abdomen is black-scaled dorsally, except for white 
spots laterally at the base of each segment. The venter is white-scaled, except 
for apical black bands on the posterior segments. The legs are black and the 
wings are clothed with black scales. 


Aedes aldrichi Dyar and Knab. 


While investigating the mosquito problem of the Fraser Valley, B.C. 
during 1919, the writer found Aedes aldrichi to be the dominant mosquito of that 
district... Previous to this it had been known only from Montana and Idaho. 

The extensive development of this species in the Fraser Valley is apparently 
dependant upon the fluctuation of the river. In years of high freshet, the 
cotton-wood bottom lands around the river become flooded and aldrichi is 
extremely abundant. The adults bite very viciously and are so small that 
they can penetrate ordinary screening with comparative ease. 

Swarming of males was observed at six p.m. on July 12th, 1919, at Dewdney, 
B.C. Four or five dozen individuals were hovering in a swarm three or four feet 
from the ground. The swarm was composed almost entirely of males and was 
in a place well protected by willow growth. 

This small grayish Aedes has the thorax clothed with yellowish-gray to 
pale straw-coloured scales. There is a broad median divided stripe of dark 
brown scales, and two short lateral markings of the same colour. The abdomen 
is black, with crisp white basal bands narrowed in the-centre and broadening 
laterally in the posterior segments to form broad triangular patches. The legs 
are black, and the wings are entirely black-scaled. ; 

Specimens were taken at Mission, B.C., between June 13th and August 
3rd. They were found throughout the valley from Hope to Ruskin. 


Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. 


It is surprising that there are no previous Canadian records of this mosquito, 
as the writer found it to be fairly common in some parts of Southern Ontario. 
Specimens were taken at St. Catharines, Ontario, on August 24, 1916, and at 
Jordan, Ontario, on August 4, 1916. At the latter place quadrimaculatus was 
very abundant. It was not found at Guelph, where occidentalis is the common 
Anopheline. 

A. quadrimaculatus is a gray-brown species in which the brown mesonotum 
is clothed with yellowish hair scales: the abdomen is grayish-brown and has 
many silky, pale hairs. The legs, proboscis and palpi are uniformly dark- 
scaled, save for yellow scales at the knees and the apices of the tibiae. The 
wings are marked with four dark spots, these being at the forks of the second 
and fourth veins, at the base of the second vein and at the cross-veins. The 
wing fringe is uniformly dark-scaled. 


116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Anopheles occidentalis and A. walkeri somewhat resemble this species, but 
the former has a yellow coppery patch on the wing fringe, at the apex; and the 
latter has less distinct black spots on the wings and has white rings on the 
palpi. 


REMOVING POLLEN FROM BEES. 


It is well known to all persons who have made a collection of bees that a 
large proportion of specimens in some genera—notably Andrenide and Mega- 
chiide—are so heavily loaded with pollen that their beauty as cabinet speci- 
mens is much impaired, and also that some of the characters which need to be 
examined in order to identify them properly are covered and concealed. 

Last season I experimented to find some practical and easy way to remove 
the pollen without injury to the specimens, and I succeeded so well that I thought 
that some of your readers would like to know about it. 

I take a wide-mouthed bottle holding some five or six ounces and fill it 
about two-thirds full of gasoline, drop the bees in and cork tightly and shake 
vigorously for two or three minutes, then pour off the liquid into another bottle 
and empty the bees out on to a sheet of blotting paper. In a few minutes 
the gasoline will all evaporate and leave the bees perfectly clean. When wholly 
dried out they should be examined with a lens, and if not clean give them an- 
other bath of fresh gasoline This second bath will rarely be necessary 
if thoroughly done the first time In case some very shaggy species should not 
look fluffy enough, a little brushing with a small, soft paint brush will com- 
pletely restore the natural appearance Some pollens are more difficult than 
others to remove’ That of viburnum is the worst I have seen yet, but it will 
come off. I am sure that any one who will give this plan a thorough trial will 
be more than satisfied. Old dried specimens cannot be cleaned. 

N.B.—Do not fear to shake vigorously. You cannot injure them, and it 
is necessary to shake well in order to rinse them completely. 

E. J. SmirH, SHERBORN, MAss. 


So — 


CONCERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN. 
CICADELLIDA (HEMIP.). 


BY GEO. W. BARBER, 
U.S. Bureau of Entcmology, (*) Washington, D.C. 


Some time ago a study was pursued to determine what relation the dis- 
tribution of N. A. Cicadellide had to the life zones of N. A. fauna. It was 
soon found, however, that under our present knowledge of the distribution of 
the insects of this family, such a study would lead to considerable confusion, 
and it was, therefore, discontinued for the present. 

Certain information did develop, however, concerning the distribution of 
the Cicadellide, and it is here presented as perhaps adding something to our 
conception of this family: 

Undoubtedly some localities in the distribution of the species have been 
overlooked, but an endeavor has been made to know the distribution of each 
species so far as it has been recorded in literature. 


*Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. 
May, 1920 








THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1TF 


The Cicadellidz is represented in America north of Mexico, by 70 genera 
through which are distributed some 773 species now held to be distinct. On 
the whole, very little has been done to determine the fauna of any given locality. 
Several lists, however, have been published and for at least six states the family 
has been collected extensively and recorded. There may be mentioned the 
New York and Maine lists by Prof. Osborn, the Tennessee list by De Long, 
the Wisconsin list by Saunders and De Long, the Missouri list by Gibson and 
Cogan, and the South Carolina list of Lathrop. In addition to these more 
extensive lists there have been several minor lists, which need not be mentioned 
here. 

Of the 773 recognized species, some 294 have been recorded from but one 
locality, the locality of the type and apparently never recovered. The localities 
of these follow: 


SPSS Gk pecs bL ees Vea ictebes se. 1 SE GNI Stee wo aot bak ee 19 
SUP ODO 17 ae eae eer ee) 1 WV ISG resdies d ey cr ahi. tne 12 
EATERS Ne OS SN anak ins: 1 VOW ey eae bie 4 
2, Gi tag OES) ORS RO 5 WNEKANSAS IN. cee ek J oi ee 1 
ete rt td Nk pote 1 SGERAS Oli akice kt ee ee 
FN I ce he Sc ee Clue ts Men ae etiast PR ARISAS Tk AL oe, Dee 3 
+: DO (USS ae Rn Oo ee 3 NMe@vadal. 0.4.03. hcea ee eal 3 
(FEES OS Son ag ee ener 2 RS tae? het ule eee 6 
eC ee hse eS AS AR Sr A 3 “ColocaGo. eo. Lene oko eee 62 
ERR ery es EER DE bel de Se 2 IN WMiexie@o44.. 0 Chaat 6 
5p CR GE en Sone GILT ss Oe Ui 1 APIFONEN shai cecal koe ie 
enraged 2 Ey) Bo 6 Calif? Ge tee ae eee ee 70 
ear ee eet vote dole nati a bee 3 Washing tons: cto a eee 4 
REA Pas, 9S cots: 20 Oresont: sl eee a eee 4 
ELS) Tyla oo Sate Sot Be RR Pe 4 Canada 910i ug) a tee A] 
ES Od es Se aa ar id Ee 2, Wanitobay.c.2) ee eee 1 
UES Jha | Gy ee ae ee 5 Wanewmisds hon eo eee ee 1 
Meee ok eh a 1 Plaskas ng i ee: . en 5 
CETUS 5c, se Ae 1 Greenland )2 ic. lhc Gilet. 2s eee 1 
Total—294. 


The number of species in addition to the above list that have been recorded 
from certain of the General Geographical regions may be summed up in the 
following list: 

Generally distributed throughout the U.S. and Canada... i. 82 
meseraliy distributed throughout the’ U > Sui. .iiis.5..20 i ke 


Seneeivacnnoligh Adlantic States.s.. 00.40.2041...) ide ine aaa nme acon 33 
Seemetaliy turoueh Northern States... ..5.56.....! 4. iar, Relegenaabee ee ave aa eae Ane 72 
ne generally East of the Rocky Mountains). :....0.00....cccccsceeeeereeeee trees 134 
A throven the Southern States.) "sy2 tierce eae 52 

i % i ‘* Middle Western States or great plain region. 25 

rs < West of the Miss. River... Wee eee heres 5 

“ cS through Rocky Mountain Region.......... IMMER ceed oe 60 

i mit Uh cue South West...........0.. 5 0 eee eee, res Se 27 

z + ie site orth: West... x). ..2,5..- einen At erecta eee pas: 3 


ithe: bP aetic: slope. ..',..)..4.1.-1saee PS setter pins Pe aie! KY 


Lis THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


The number of species that have been recorded from the several states, 


territories and provinces is here enumerated: 


UCR Daalenpsean mena? Dos lee 74 IY Bivato Pane tears ORES SUNN ae ta Oe 8 
VW EEMONCS. | 1 28 pe eo oss 6 IN, aD Se eae Neeser ee 8 
1 ECW aie NT ater? oe OS 62 Sl Pe Or ee i eras aia 12 
| CN 1 FCA aes ore A 5 Wie Tits ec coe eke oe tie eee ee 39 
SOIT ea ea Re eM eo ice 14 Kans: 4520 2s ene eck ac ae eee 107 
ING ee ee eee Nae 209 (@)) Fel Genin abel Gia re ae OR. ia 3 
Rerniee atom ace a ST 2S 143 TPexassia 1 PAet he ek ee eee 73 
TSE, | eRe Sh gee GeMeis eee aa  a e aaE 123 TIN) AVILES: eo. ee eet tier Mcgee eam 41 
| CVSS Fk ak i oi Se a ney RR Ap 1 ee NV ee ae a ee See 70 
IME sao AR ce RS ie RNA a le han 46 COLO ke Mikal ioc ene 268 
Ly Caras GRO AS ee TERN aS a agga igen 65 Vie ae rns, or Sees t 
EE EAR Se On a tte 17 Mianit: 3 (2a a Se rhea c 
PPO? 6 es We Geet Se Fe tN arnt te he cs) cee vem ry AM Ra ar ott Neale 61 
Siac oe DIR St et oe BR EE ie, ara a 121 fos) Fok, eee reece Perm Mes at RLS 3 
CSAS ie OE, EN Rg ae 40 Nevada . at. cea oe oe eee 8 
LETT ae ce Iie eC, oR ey Nese 8p 128 Orevon Gs i. tata ae eee 11 
GLO eae a UO MS BOONE TRC eter eam Ue 89 Washi els Us ae eae 2A 
“Ts EET A ae RD CRS ae re 2 Calil Sonn shee ace Or one anaes 178 
BCT EUIOICY. 5. este Wont be ec ee 15 Mexicox he tinh ere eee 15 
“I Sin MS ee Ai its aa ta a ier er 242 Quebec Nees cane nasa eee eee 94 
5. Je RSA lan aa I RC ae a ett RTE 12 (Ql newct stom spec Acme rhe Pern Ie RE. 121 
"LES SBD sl i Be UN Rae Be aN 40 Alaskal iis Miatiene tale Be tee Le tt 
[TVG SNARE REE A SG edt 27 Og BSR a a 11 Manitoba oeicec case oe 6 
TE sci Maas ie OO ie ANE ate a an eM 63 Wane isd. tet. 4 ae ee toet ee 19 
“SITS CDSS RE ame i ee ts Ot OP nan ia ea 208 Brit Colts ore Lae he ee 43 
eatelat rar er eo kh en Sk OPM 43 Greenlandic) tc oe ae 1 
LCS STN Ge acetate COR ne ea STS Sa 161 Nova Scotiaze: wit eee 4 
“NLC GUM IE a RDI oy aes 155 Newtoundlands: 343 woot teee 1 
Net St AR oe PRR yd DR RA CH IE 9 


From the figures presented above, the most striking fact that will be ap- 
parent is not the number of species found in any one region, but the meagre 
information that we have concerning the Cicadellid fauna of the majority of 
the states and provinces. The value of state and even local lists is here quite 
apparent, through the service that they render in extending the known dis- 
tribution of species. 


It is quite evident that certain sections accommodate a considerably larger 
number of species of Cicadellidae than others whose climatic conditions are less 
varied, but it may be estimated that nearly all of the states should give from 
150 to over 250 species. Considering the meagre collecting that appears to 
have been done in certain parts of our territory the total number of living 
species of this group will undoubtedly be found to be greatly in excess of one 
thousand. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 119 


A NEW LEAF-CUTTING BEE FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, 
Boulder, Colorado. 


Some time ago Mr. P. H. Timberlake requested me to examine the status 
of a megachile now common at Honolulu, but considered to have been intro- 
duced from some place not determined. It was very much like M. palmarum 
Perkins, also common in the Hawaiian Islands, but evidently distinct. A few 
days ago he sent me a long series of this bee, and after prolonged study and 
comparisons, I can only regard it as undescribed. It belongs to the subgenus 
Eutricharea Thomson (Paramegachile Friese), and is very much like the European 
M. argentate Fabr.* Bees of this type are very widely distributed over the 
world, so I confidently expected to locate the Hawaiian insect in Japan, China, 
the Phillipines, Australia, or elsewhere. It is very like M. ertme Mosc., from 
New Guinea, but has dusky wings. Superficially, it might be taken for any one 
of about a dozen species, but it agrees with none. It may have come from one 
of the other Pacific islands, as Samoa or Tohitic, and it is perhaps significant that a 
Tahihan Lithurgus has been introduced into Oahu. It is a fact, however, that 
endemic species of this group of megachile occur in very remote places, and there 
is no apparent reason why they should not exist in the Hawaiian Islands. M. 
palmarum is said by Perkins to occur probably in all the islands, and it is quite 
possible that the new species has existed on one of the islands, though perhaps 
more recently brought to Oahu. 


Megachile timberlakei, n. sp. 

Male (Type).—Length 8-8.5 mm.; black, parallel-sided, with large head, 
simple antenne, spined anterior coxe and simple anterior tarsi. Face and front 
densely covered with light yellow to creamy-white hair; mandibles black, hairy 
at base; antenne slender, black; vertex with long dark fuscous hair; cheeks 
above with light yellowish hair, but below it is long and pure white; hair on 
thorax above and upper part of sides ochreous, varying to paler, beneath pure 
white; mesothorax and scutellum dull and very finely punctured; a band of 
tomentum along hind margin of scutellum; tegule black; wings dusky with 
black nervures; legs black, with white hair, yellowish on inner side of basitarsi 
first four abdominal segments with pale yellowish hair-bands, and narrow curved 
bands in the depressions; upper surface of sixth segment densely covered with 
white tomentum; apical keel emarginate, with irregular denticles on each side; 
fifth ventral segment and anterior femora in front more or less pallid, brownish. 


Female.—Length 10-10.5 mm.; supraclypeal area and middle of clypeus 
exposed; much dark fuscous hair on mesothorax and scutellum; ventral scopa 
pure white, black on last segment. 

Type male, Kaimulai, Oahu (Timberlake). Also from Honolulu and Makua, 
Oahu. 

“Compared with M. palmarum received from Dr. Perkins, the male differs 
by the denticulate and less deeply emarginate keel of sixth abdominal segment, 
the more oblique sub-basal bands of abdomen, and the fulvous or subochraceous 

*In Friese’s Die Bienen Europa’s there is a curious error in the key, in which the scopa of 
M. argentata is said to be entirely white. It is black on the last segment, as is correctly stated 


in Friese’s description. 
May, 1920 


120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 

tint of the hair on thorax above, with a distinct band behind scutellum and a 
fainter one in front. The hind tibize of palmarum are larger and more robust, 
and much less densely white—hairy. In the female, the pure white ventral 
scope, black on last segment, is distinctive. A palmarum received from Dr. 
Perkins has the scopa pale reddish, black on last segment; one from Mr. Timber- 
lake has it creamy-white, black on last segment and sides of penultimate. In 
his description, Perkins states that the hair of the female is cinereous, with little 
or no fulvous tinge, and is sparse on clypeus. This agrees with palmarum as 
here recognized, but his account of the ventral scopa is more suggestive of 
timberlakei. Possibly he had the two females mixed, but his type must be con- 
sidered to be the male, which is described at length. The clypeus in taemberlaket 
has a large and dense brush of inwardly-directed hairs on each side, but there is 
little of this in palmarum. 


A PLEA FOR DEFINITIVENESS. 


‘I should like to bring to the attention of contributors to the Canadian 
Entomologist a matter which is worthy of consideration, especially to the 
systematist. In looking over many numbers of the ‘‘Entomologist’”’ I have 
noted numerous headings such as “‘A Canadian Trigonalys.’’ The point which 
I would like to bring out is that, to the student who is not familiar with the 
family to which the genus Trigonalys belongs, nothing is conveyed: that is, 
he is utterly ‘‘at sea’’ as to the family discussed. Would not the interest in 
these various genera and families be greatly increased if authors were to give 
not only the genus and family, but also the name of the superfamily and order 
under discussion. A great service would be rendered students taking up a 
family for study if they could quickly locate all the literature on a family, and 
a great many synonymous names might be avoided. After all, it must be 
remembered that the aim of every author is to place his findings in such a position 
that they will be readily available to others, and his work is judged largely by 
his ability to do this. The above example was selected at random, and it 
happens that it is but a mild example of hundreds of cases. A specialist should 
bearin mind that everyone is not up-to-date in his particular field, but a great 
deal more interest would be taken if greater definition were given. 


C. HowarpD CURRAN. 


Mailed May 25th, 1920. 


Che Canadian Cntomolonist 








Vot. LII. LONDON, JUNE anp JULY, 1920. No. 6 








POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
FRAGMENTS IN THE LIFE-HABITs OF MANITOBA INsEcrs—II. 


BY NORMAN CRIDDLE, 
Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Treesbank, Man, 


In a Province such as Manitoba, which is comparatively new agriculturally, 
we are continually experiencing insect outbreaks involving species not hitherto 
known to be obnoxious. The insects concerned are always native to the country 
and frequently owe their increase to the development of agriculture, which 
has been the means of placing new food supplies at their disposal. In other 
instances the insects have doubtless multiplied abnormally in the past but 
owing to the lack of observers at such times, their abundance apparently did not 
attract attention. Two such outbreaks have occurred in Manitoba within the 
last few years and though my notes relating to them are by no means complete 
they seem, however, sufficient to indicate the general habits of the insects con- 
cerned, and have, therefore, been brought together for publication under the 
above heading. 

THE BROME-GRASS CUTWORM. 


(Trachea fanitima cerivana Smith}. 


The larve of this insect are unobstrusive in their general habits and might 
pass unnoticed were it not for the fact that they gather in the sheaves of Brome- 
grass (B. enermis) to hide. The caterpillars are naturally shaken out of these 
sheaves at harvest time and in consequence attract attention as they crawl 
about the bottoms of the racks when the grass is being threshed. 


The Brome-grass Cutworm is a surface feeder which hides under, or in, 
‘any convenient object, such as hay, etc., during the day and comes out to feed 
at night. It attacks the,young shoots, or tender leaves, of various succulent 
grasses but shows a marked preference for brome-grass. The larve first attract 
attention about the midd!e of September when they gather into the grass sheaves 
which have been cut for seed purposes. Apparently the insects enter the sheaves 
with the object of securing shelter rather than for hibernating purposes, as they 
still continue to feed at night, though not very extensively. By the middle of 
October the caterpillars have attained a similar size and have finished feeding 
for the year. At this date, most of them leave the sheaves that are standing 
upright but they may still be found beneath those lying down or under any other 
conveniently placed object. They are now often partly buried in the soil show- 
ing that the time of hibernation has arrived. 

In the spring, larve still remain in the vicinity of their hiding places and 
appear to eat comparatively little. They are, however, active by the time 
farming operations commence and continue to feed until they pupate in early 
May. A description of the caterpillars as they are met with in autumn follows : 


121 


22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Length 26 mm. Head light brown notably reticulated with darker brown; 
on either side of the median suture is a rather wide dark brown irregular band 
extending from the vertex to near tip of clypeus the latter being margined with 
the same shade of colour; ocelli and mandibles black. Body, ground colour 
dull pinkish-white, closely marbled above with blackish-brown, giving the whole 
body a dark appearance; dorsal stripe narrow, pinkish-white, distinct on all 
segments; lateral stripe similar to dorsal one but less distinct. Stigmatal band 
pale, rather ill defined: spiracles yellowish, black rimmed. Thoracic shield 
brown divided by dorsal and lateral stripes. Tubercles indistinctly blackish, 
I, II, 111 and IV of similar size, IV immediately behind the centre of spiracle 
on segment six, tubercle V smaller than IV close to spiracle and in a line with 
its upper side; the other tubercles similar in size to III. Anal plate pinkish- 
brown. Thoracic feet yellowish-brown; prolegs concolorous with venter; crotches 
reddish. 


Moths commenced to emerge in captivity on June 5 and the last to appear 
in my cages was on June 7. Outside, they have been collected from the begin- 
ning to the end of that month but were commonest during the first two weeks. 
The moths are of the usual cutworm size with pale gray primaries showing a 
brownish area on the middle portion; the head and thorax are also gray while 
the abdomen and secondaries are dul! brown. 


The economic importance of the Brome-grass Cutworm lies chiefly in its 
relation to the production of the grass upon which it feeds. Observation, 
combined with reports from threshermen in various parts of the province, show 
that the insect occurs in large numbers over a wide area. The moths have also 
been taken in Saskatchewan and Alberta. It is, therefore, probable that the 
larvee will be found to occur in equal numbers on the brome-grass fields of Sask- 
atchewan and perhaps in Alberta also. In Manitoba the insects are usually so 
abundant in the sheaves at threshing time that they cause considerable annoy- 
ance by getting into the seed while the racks frequently present a mass of craw- 
ling caterpillars. When one views a field of brome-grass inhabited by these 
insects, however, the actual damage done to the plants appears to be remarkably 
small considering the number of larva present. This is probably due to the 
vigorous growth of the grass after harvest which thus largely overcomes the 
insect’s attack upon it. The species is not, therefore, a serious menace at the 
present time though the damage it does is probably much in excess of the usual 
estimates. Should it increase to still greater numbers, however, the loss would 
have an important bearing on the pasture situation of the west, brome-grass 
being recognized as one of the most valuable fodder plants of that region. 

We know of no actual means of suppressing this pest but the following 
suggestions might be of advantage in attempting its control: 

(1) Plough affected fields in July and cultivate them later on to prevent 
further growth; thus starving the young caterpillars. 

(2) Destroy the insects shaken,into the racks. 

(3) Feed brome-grass straw and burn the refuse around where the crop 
has been threshed. This will kill a large number of the cutworms which drop 
to the ground while the sheaves are being handled and which hibernate in the 
vicinity amid the chaff, etc., scattered round by the thrashing operations. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 123 


THE Earty AsPEN-LEAF CURLER. 
(Proteopteryx oregonana Wlshm.) 3 

The years 1917-18 were noteworthy, in an entomological sense, owing 
to the abundance of three microlepidopterous leaf-curling larva all of which 
attacked aspen poplar, Populus tremuloides. One of these insects has already 
been dealt with,* while the habits of a second are described below. 

The larval habits of the Early Aspen-leaf Curler are similar in many respects 
to those of other leaf-curling species but unlike the other two prevalent during 
the period mentioned above, complete their life the same season that they hatch 
from eggs, instead of hibernating, while the moths differ by emerging from over- 
wintering pup very early in the spring. In 1918, they were on the wing in 
millions by the end of March. 

The moths are of a dull blackish-brown colour above, indistinctly barred 
with darker tints, the secondaries being lighter. They may be met with at any 
time during the day when they rise from the leaves as one walks through the 
woods. Usually, however, the time of greatest activity is towards evening, 
approximately an hour before sunset until dark. It is then that they rise in 
large swarms and fly backward and forward over the tops of the trees. This 
is when the air is still. A very light breeze, however, is sufficient to force them 
downward. It is.due to the wind that they gather in the shelter of the woods 
and drop sufficiently close to the ground to be watched with ease. Observed 
under such circumstances they were seen to fly around the lower trees in a similar 
manner to their movement about the higher ones but in addition to the general 
habits on the wing they were also found to possess another one which consisted 
of alighting upon a twig a foot or more from its extremity and then running to 
the top where they would remain stationary fora few momentsas if attempting to 
secure nourishment from the bud, after which they would arise again to join 
the flying swarm. The moths continued in their evening activities, whenever 
the atmosphere was sufficiently warm, for more than a week before oviposition 
commenced and remained in large congregations throughout most of the egg- 
laying period. ; 

The eggs are flat, scale-like objects, of a dark clay-yellow and thus resemble 
very closely certain marks always present upon the twigs. They are usually 
deposited singly but occasionally three or more may be found slightly over- 
lapping each other. In 1918, eggs were deposited from April 6 to approximately 
the 20th. They are always found upon the smaller twigs and there seems to 
be some attempt made to place them around the scars or buds where they are less 
detected. With calm weather most of the eggs are laid on the higher trees but 
otherwise they may be found comparatively close to the ground on quite small 
trees, or near the tips of the lower branches of larger ones. It is due to these 
habits that certain clumps of trees may be almost entirely defoliated later on, 
while others in the same neighborhood escape with comparatively small injury. 

Larve usually begin to emerge towards the end of April and are numerous 
a few days later. When they first appear the caterpillars are somewhat flattened 
objects with a head exceeding the body in width. They are dull yellowish in 
colour, with a black head and dark but duller thoracic shield. The larvae 
_ become of normal cylindrical shape after moulting and change very little in colour 
_ *The Agricultural Gazette of Canada, Vol.5, No. 11,1918. 


124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


throughout their further stages. When mature they may be briefly described 
as follows: 


Length about 14 mm.; body dull white; head shining black; thoracic shield 
widely margined on sides and narrowly posteriorly with black; thoracic legs 
dull black; prolegs whitish. Tubercles large, flat, but difficult to define on ac- 
count of the pale colour. 


In 1918 the trees were still without leaves at the time the larvae commenced 
to appear though here and there, odd buds had burst sufficiently to enable the 
young caterpillars to obtain a certain amount of food, a majority, however, 
being obliged to remain without it for some days longer. The spring of 1918, 
however, had been an abnormally early one and in. consequence, induced an 
early hatching of the larve besides causing the leaves to appear before their 
usual time. Thus the larve had already commenced to curl the leaves when 
the weather suddenly changed from extreme heat to severe cold the effect being 
to kill the latter and in consequence entirely cut off the insects’ food supply. 
The result was naturally disastrous to the caterpillars and caused a great many 
to die of starvation. It is possible that the mortality may have been due to 
cold also, but from the fact that large numbers of larve were observed crawling 
about in search of food afterwards, the evidence indicates that lack of it was the 
principal cause of death. The threatened devastation of the poplar leaves in 
1918 was thus reduced, by the meteorological condition alone, to comparative 
insignificance though sufficient larvae survived to provide various local out- 
breaks the following year. 


In 1919, larvae appeared soon after the poplars began to leaf out and by 
May 12 had curled 50 per cent. of the leaves on certain clumps of trees. The 
insects developed very quickly. By May 27 many had become fully mature 
and were dropping from the trees in large numbers. To observe the falling of 
the caterpillars when they are about to pupate, is a very interesting incident; 
the larve apparently prepare themselves for the drop by crawling to the edge 
of their shelter and fastening themselves firmly to the leaf by means of a silken 
thread. Here they remain until a breeze sweeps through the trees when the 
shaking causes them to loosen their hold and they come down in a regular shower, 
the web affording just enough check to prevent a direct fall. As the insects 
reach the dead herbage the rattle sounds not unlike that of a sudden shower of 
rain but so quickly the larve wriggle out of sight that unless careful watch is 
kept they are apt to entirely escape detection. These showers of caterpillars 
may continue intermittently for several hours there being an absolute lull in 
activity between the gusts of wind, though there is little doubt that they would 
let themselves down in any case should the weather remain calm. The larve 
at the time they drop, are quite devoid of internal colour matter such as that 
provided by food, and present a dull white appearance with a brownish head 
and a small patch of the same colour on the front portion of the sides of the 
thoracic shield. 


Pupation takes place below the dead leaves usually a short distance in the 
soil. The pupal stage lasts from early June until the following spring, or ap- 
proximately 10 months. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 125 


The parasitic enemies of the Early Aspen-leaf Curler are numerous but have 
not been studied. Of the predacious enemies there are a number. One large beetle, 
Calosoma frigidum, was met with everywhere and was observed to be active 
both by day and night. Running briskly up the trees or flying from branch to 
branch, it searched diligently for the leaf-curlers which it devoured with evident 
relish. Its larva is not a climber but is equally useful as it is able to seek out 
and devour the pupe which are buried below the dead leaves. The increase 
of this Calosoma beetle has been very marked during the outbreak of leaf- 
curlers doubtless due to the abundance of caterpillars upon which it feeds. 

Several birds have been observed to eat the leaf-curlers; these embrace the 
Rose-breasted Grossbeak, Red-eyed Vireo and Cedar Bird but the time of their 
activity in this regard is short owing to the fact that the caterpillars season 
has ended before many of the birds commence to nest. It is, therefore, those 
species which are passing through during migration that we can look to as being 
of most use as destroyers of the Early Aspen-leaf Curler. 


A NEW TORTRICID MOTH FROM NOVA SCOTIA, (LEPIDOPTERA). 
BY AUGUST BUSCK, 
Washington, D. C. 


Caceecia hewittana, new species. 


Labial palpi, face and head light reddish ochreous. Thorax light brown. 
The ground colour of the fore wings varies in different specimens from light ochre- 
ous, often with a reddish tint, to dark brown, and is faintly reticulated with 
thin dark brown transverse lines; a dark-brown, outwardly oblique, transverse 
fascia from before the middle of costa to just before tornus is normally attenuated 
on the upper part of the cell and broadens out towards the dorsal edge; a large dark 
brown triangular costal spot at apical third is sometimes more or less connected 
with the fascia; extreme apex and upper part of termen blackish brown; the males 
with a narrow costal fold from base to apical third. Hind wings dark fuscous 
with apex golden ochreous, cilia golden ochreous with a dark fuscous basal line 
parallel to the edge of the wing. Undersides of both fore and hind wings light 
fuscous with the costal termen edges broadly golden ochreous. Abdomen dark 
fuscous with ochreous underside and anal tuft. Legs golden ochreous. 

Alar expanse: 16-20 mm. 

Habitat: Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 

Type and paratypes in National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada, and 
in the United States National Museum, (Type ‘No. 22667). 

Described at the request of Mr. Arthur Gibson, from a large series which he 
bred from raspberry received from Mrs. S. J. Harrington. 

Named in honour of the late Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt. 

Species is typical of the genus and nearest to Cacoecia fractivittana Clemens 
but smaller, (especialy the females, there being no striking dissimilarity in the 
sexes as in Clemens species) and darker in colour. The male genitalia are typical 
for the genus, with well developed spoon-shaped uncus, hook-like gnathus, 
absence of socii, well-defined unarmed transtilla and short broad harps. The 
tegumen is noticeably narrower, the top of the harps more pointed and the aedoe- 


agus more pointed than in Cacoecia fractivittana Clemens. 
June, 1920 


126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN SAPROMYZIDZ: (DIPTERA). 


BY J. R. MALLOCH, 
Urbana, I}], 


Some of the species described herein have been 1n my possession for some 
vears, while others were recently submitted for identification by Mr. W. L. 
McAtee, in connection with the preparation of a paper on the species occurring 
in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., and by Mr. €. W. Johnson. The location 
of the type specimens is stated in the paper. 


Minettia punctifer, sp. n. 


Female.—Testaceous yellow, shining, thoracic dorsum densely yellowish 
pruinescent. Antenne and palpi yellow; frons opaque, paler on orbital stripes 
and ocellar triangle than on interfrontalia; ocellar spot black. Thoracic dorsum 
with a pale brown dot at base of each hair and bristle. Abdomen with a black 
spot in centre of each tergite from 2 to 5 inclusive and a smaller spot on each 
side of the apical two or three tergites. Legs pale. Wings clear. 

Frons a little longer than wide, with two strong backwardly directed orbital 
bristles on each side; arista with very short hairs; parafacial and cheek verv 
narrow. Thorax with three pairs of dorsocentrals, one pair of strong pre- 
scutellar acrostichals, and a moderately strong intra-alar bristle. Hind femur 
and hind tibia without preapical bristle. Last section of fourth vein about 1.75 
as long as preceding section. 

Length 2 mm. 

Type.—Fort Lauderdale, Fla., February 18, 1919, (A. Wetmore). Type in 
collection of U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey. 


Sapromyza nubilifera, sp. n. 

Male and Female.—Testaceous yellow, shining. Both cross-veins broadly 
infuscated. 

Similar in all respects to nubila Melander in cephalic and thoracic details, 
differing in the male only as follows: Apical sternite with a series of short black 
setulae on apical margin, which are absent in nubila; hind tibia and hind meta- 
tarsus with long, fine hairs on anterior surface, which are absent in wubila; 
Hind femur in both sexes without fine hairs on antero- and postero-ventral 
surfaces, the latter especially lacking these, which are present in nubila. 

Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Type.—Male, and one male paratype, Monticello, Ill., June 21, 1914. 
Allotype, Monticello, Il., June 28, 1914. Paratypes, two males, Mahomet, 
Iil., August 6, 1914; two males and two females, Urbana, Ill., June 17, 1916; 
one male and one female, same locality, June 20, 1915; one male and one female, 
same locality, June 23, 1916 (Hart and Malloch). 

Type in collection of Illinois Natura! History Survey. 





Sapromyza fuscibasis, sp. n. 

Male and Female.—Yellow testaceous, shining. Each wing with 6 brown 
spots as follows: on each cross-vein, at apices of veins 2,3 and 4, and on last 
section of 3 beyond cross-vein; base of third vcin dark brown. All hairs and 
bristles black. 


June, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 127 


Arista short-haired above and’ below; lateral facial hairs weak; ocellar 
and postvertical bristles strong. Thorax with 3 pairs of strong dorsocentrals 
and very strong acrostichals, of which two pairs are proximad of the anterior 
pair of dorsocentrals. Abdomen in male stout; eighth tergite with two curved 
downwardly projecting processes at apex of each lateral extension, one of them 
-with numerous microscopic black points on apical half. Hind femora with or 
without a weak preapical antero-ventral bristle; hind tibia in male normal. 

Length 3.75—4.25 mm. 

Type.—Male and two male paratypes, White Heath, Ill., July 11, 1915, 
(J. R. Malloch). Allotype, and one male and two female paratypes, Summer, 
Iil., August 2, 1914, (C. A. Hart). Paratypes, one female, St. Joseph, IIl., 
June 27, 1915; one male, Dubois, Ill., August 8, 1917, (J. R. Malloch); one 
male, Urbana, IIl., September 15, 1891, (J. Marten); two females, Plummer’s 
Island, Md., June 28, 1914, and September 13, 1914; (W. L. McAtee). 

Type in collection of Illinois Natural History Survey. 


Sapromyza (Sapromyzosoma) citreifrons, sp. n. 


Male.—Pale yellowish testaceous, almost stramineous, the frons. and at 
times the entire head lemon yellow. Wings marked as in fuscibasis, but the 
spot at apex of second vein is almost indistinguishable, and the base of third 
vein is pale. Bristles on dorsum of head, thorax, and abdomen brown, the 
hairs and bristles on sides of head and thorax and on legs yellow. 


Head very large, the frons slightly swollen, parafacial in profile wider than 
third antennal segment; arista with short hairs; cheek about half as high as 
eye, the marginal hairs long, curled. Thorax with 4 pairs of dorsocentrals 
which decrease very much in size anteriorly; acrostichals small but distinct, 
about 6 pairs, not carried proximad of the anterior dorsocentrals. Abdomen 
short, constricted at apex, when the hypopygium is concealed the basal portion, 
eighth tergite, appears spherical; lateral extension of eighth tergite with a short, 
broad, apically rounded terminal process. Bristles on fore coxz and postero- 
ventral surface of fore femora remarkably long and slender; mid femur with a 
very long slender bristle at base on ventral surface; hind tibia normal. 

Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Type.—Savanna, Ill., June 13, 1917. Paratypes, Cobden, Ill., May 9, 
1918, (J. R. Malloch). Five males. 


Sapromyza occidentalis, sp. n. 


Male and Female.—Similar to fraterna Loew and noiéata Fallen in colour, 
the entire body being yellowish testaceous including the legs, and each wing 
with 7 brown spots. 

Differs from the above two species in having the thorax with 4 pairs of 
dorsocentral bristles, the acrostichals much weaker and regular in size; and the 
hind femur without a preapical antero-ventral bristle. The hypopygium of the 
male differs in structure from that of fraierna. 

Length 3.5—-4 mm. 

Type.—Male, and allotype and five male paratypes, Pasadena, Cal., (coll. 
Aldrich). One male paratype, Laguna Beach, southern California, (Baker). 

Type in collection of Dr. Aldrich. 


128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Sapromyza pernotata, sp. n. 

Male.—Similar to fraterna in colour and markings. 

Differs in structure of the male hypopygium from fraterna, the thoracic 
chaetotaxy being the same. The eighth tergite has the lateral extension with 
a short process the apex of which is produced in the form of a slightly forwardly 
directed sharp thorn at its anterior angle, while in fraterna this tergite has a 
broader process which has a backwardly directed, curved sharp thorn at apex 
anteriorly. The small furcate process mesad of the above process is differently 
shaped in the two species. In fraterna there are two subequal thorns, while in 
pernotata on is much larger than the other. 

Length 4 mm. 


Type and one male paratype.—Cedar Lake, IIl., August 4, 1906, in a 
tamarack bog. 


Type in collection of Illinois State Natural History Survey. 


Sapromyza imitatrix, sp. n. 

This and the next species belong to the same group as bispina Loew, which 
contains species with the following characters: Entire body and legs yellowish 
testaceous, wings unmarked, the cross-veins usually darker than the others, 
but the adjoining membrane not infuscated; arista with short hairs; thorax 
with 4 pairs of strong dorsocentra!s and weili-developed acrostichals; hind tibia 
of male with soft erect hairs on antero- or postero-ventral surface or on both; 
and the apical abdominal sternite with two long slender processes. 

Male.—Differs from bispina in having the processes of apical sternite 
almost uniform in width, rounded at apices; the hind femur with long, fine hairs 
on entire length of both antero- and postero-ventral surfaces, and the hind 
tibia with long, fine hairs from base to well beyond middle on postero-ventral 
surface, while the antero-ventral surface is bare. 

Female.—Differs from bispina in having the prosternum bare, and the 
hind femur with a long setulose hair near apex on postero-ventral surface. 

Length 4—4.5 mm. 

Type.—Male, and one male paratype, Clementon, N.J., May 30, 1895. 
Allotype, Anglesea, N.J., July 19, 1891. Paratypes, one male, Riverton, N. J., 
July 7; one female, DaCosta, N.J., June 4, (C. W. Johnson). 

Type in collection of C. W. Johnson. 


Sapromyza fratercula, sp. n. 

Male.—Differs from «amitatrix in having the hind femur with very few 
sparse hairs on postero-ventral surface, and those on antero-ventral longer 
and stronger on apical half and almost absent on basal; the hind tibia with 
fewer hairs on postero-ventral surface and some at base on antero-ventral; the 
eighth tergite with a slight ridge on lateral extension posteriorly; and the small, 
median thorn at base of the large, slender forwardly directed hypopygial pro- 
cess furcate instead of simple. 

Length 5 mm. 

Type and two male paratypes, Powderville, Mont., June 15, 1916, (R. 
Kellogg and M. Hanna). Type in collection of U. S. Bureau of Biological 
Survey. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 129 


SOME NEW SPECIES OF LONCHASIDAE FROM AMERICA (DIPTERA). 


BY J. R. MALLOCH, 
Urbana, III. 


The species described in this paper belong to the genus Lonchea which 
contains a large number of forms which superficially resemble each other very 
closely, but which upon examination are easily separated in most cases by 
means of characters usually ignored by systematists. In the descriptions here 
presented I have introduced some of the most useful of those characters, and 
as I have in preparation a key to the species occurring in America and Canada, 
I have not made a lengthy comparison of allied forms in this paper, depending 
upon the publication of the key to make the relations clear. 


Lonchza aterrima, sp. n. 


Male.—Glossy black, without any evident bluish tinge. Frons opaque 
black, upper orbits shining, subgranulose, not glossy; antenne black. Wings 
slightly brownish, veins brown. Calyptre brownish, fringes fuscous. Legs 
black, basal two or three tarsal segments yellowish. Halteres black. 

Eves bare; frons at vertex a little less than one-fifth of the head-width, 
narrower anteriorly; marginal and interfrontal hairs long, the latter in two series; 
frontal lunule bare; third antennal segment about 1.5 as long as wide; second 
segment of arista nearly twice as long as thick; hairs on cheek long, not dense. 
Thoracic bristles not very strong, those on scutellum not much more conspicuous 
than the numerous marginal hairs; two or three hairs at base of stigmatal bristle; 
pteropleura bare. Hind femur without any outstanding antero-ventral bristle 
near apex; hind tarsus with the basal segment slightly incrassated. 

Female.—Frons broader than in male, at vertex one-third of the head- 
width, the interfrontalia with the hairs more irregularly arranged and more 
numerous; third antennal segment broader than in male. Ovipositor very 
distinctly broader than in any other described American species, acute at apex, 
the apical hairs very short. 

Length 3.5—4 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Type, male, and allotype, Orono, Me., May 19, 1912, (H. M. Parshley). 
Paratypes, two females, Mt. Washington, N. H., July 4 and 6, 1914, alpine 
garden, and 2,500 feet altitude (C. W. Johnson). Type and allotype collection 
of Boston Society of Natural History. 

This species belongs to the subgenus Earomyia. 


Lonchzea hirta, sp. n. 


Male.—Glossy black, thoracic dorsum with faint violet and blue reflections, 
abdomen distinctly bluish. Tarsi yellowish testaceous, apical two and part of 
third segment fuscous. Wings whitish, distinctly infuscated at bases, veins 
very pale, darkened at apices. Calyptre brown, fringes fuscous. Halteres 
black. 

Eyes with sparse, almost indistinguishable short hairs; frons at vertex 
about one-fourth of the head-width, narrowed anteriorly, with numerous long 
erect hairs, some hairs caudad of the orbital bristle; third antennal segment at 
least three times as long as its greatest width; cheek with dense, erect, stiff black 


hairs of a uniform length. Dorsum of thorax with longer and more dense hairs 
June, 1920 


130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


than in other species; scutellum with numerous hairs on apical half of disc; 
several hairs at base of stigmatal bristle; pteropleura with one or two long hairs 
“in centre. Abdomen more densely haired than in other species. Inner cross- 
vein below apex of auxiliary; last section of fourth vein distinctly sinuous. 
Hairs on posterior surface of mid and fore femora long and rather dense; hind 
femur with a series of fine hairs on antero-ventral surface but no bristles. 

Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Type.—Briggsville, North Adams, Mass., June 18, 1906. Paratypes, 
same locality as type, June 19, and North Adams, Mass., June 18 (C. W. John- 
son). Three males. Type in collection of Boston Society of Natural History. 


Lonchea affinis, sp. n. 

Male.—Similar to hirta in colour, the wings yellowish, with pale bases. 
Frons not so densely haired, the cheeks especially more sparsely haired; third 
antennal segment barely three times as long as its greatest width. Thorax 
and abdomen less densely haired than in /irta; pteropleura bare. Venation as 
in hirta, the last section of fourth vein not so noticeably sinuous. 

~ Female.—Similar to the male in colour. 

Eyes separated by about one-third of the head-width at vertex, slightly 
less anteriorly; frons shining, minutely granulose, with a slight carina in centre 
as in male; sometimes one or two hairs present caudad of the orbital bristle. 
Ovipositor with two exceptionally long hairs on upper side near apex. Inner 
cross-vein beyond apex of aulixiary vein. 

_ Length 4-5 mm. 

Type.—Male, Mt. Washington, N.H., Alpine Garden, July 4, 1914. Allo- 
type, Glen House, N.H., June 13, 1916. Paratypes, male, Mt. Everest, Mass., 
June 27, male, North Adams, Mass., June 15; male, Bashbish Falls, Mass., 
June 28, 1912; female, South West Harbor, Me., July 13, 1918 (C. W. Johnson). 
Type in collection of Boston Society of Natural History. 


Lonchea ruficornis, sp. n. 


Female.—Black, shining; thorax slightly, abdomen distinctly bluish. 
Antenne rufous orange, third segment narrowly brownish on upper margin 
and apex. Wings clear, veins yellow. Legs black, tarsi yellowish testaceous, 
slightly infuscated on apical segment. Calyptre white, fringes concolorous. 
Halteres black, stems yellowish. 

Frons a little over one-third of the head-width, shining, but not glossy, 
the surface except the upper part of orbits with microscopic diagonal stria; ocellar 
triangle glossy; anterior ocellus not caudad of orbital bristles; frontal hairs 
strong and numerous, absent from a large subtriangular area in front of ocelli; 
parafacials and cheeks microscopically diagonally striate, the cheeks with dense 
stiff uniform black hairs; third antennal segment about three times as long as 
broad. Thorax with short decumbent hairs, the bristles not long; several hairs 
at base of stigmatal bristle; pteropleura bare. Ovipositor stout, the preapical 
dorsal hairs short. Legs normal. Second costal division about one-eighth as 
long as first; last sections of veins 3 and 4 parallel. 

Length 5 mm. 

Type.-—Savanna, IIl., June 14, 1917, (J. R. Malloch). Type in collection 
Illinois Natural History Survey. : 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Tat 


Lonchea angustitarsis, sp.°n. 





Female.—Black, glossy, with very faint bluish reflections. Frons shining, 

upper orbits and ocellar triangle glossy; antenne black. Legs entirely black. 
Wings clear. Calyptra brown, fringes fuscous. Halteres black. 
: Frons a little less than one-third of the head-width, microscopically granu- 
lose, with sparse hairs on the interfrontalia; orbital bristle proximad of the 
anterior ocellus; lunule with some hairs; third antennal segment about 2.5 as 
long as broad; cheek with moderately long, sparse setulose hairs; palpi not much 
broadened. Thoracic bristles much longer and stronger than the hairs; some 
hairs on margin of scutellum between the bristles; stigmatal bristle simple. 
Legs slender, the tarsi much more so than in allied species; hind femora without 
antero-ventral preapical bristle. Veins 3 and 4 parallel apically. 

Length 3 mm. 

Type.—Echo Lake, Mt. Desert Me., July 12, 1918, (C. W. Johnson). 
Type in collection of Boston Society of Natural History. 


Lonchea nigrociliata, sp. n. 

Female.—Differs from the preceding species in having the tarsi yellowish 
testaceous, with the'apical one or two segments fuscous, and the wings yellowish. 

Frons slightly broader than in angustitursis, subopaque, and with more 
numerous interfrontal hairs; frontal lunule bare; third antennal segment broad, 
its length about twice as great as its breadth; cheek as in preceding species. 
Legs stouter than in that species, the hind tarsi slightly thickened; hind femur 
without preapical antero-ventral bristle. Second costal division much shorter 
than in angustitarsis, the inner cross-vein but little beyond apex of auxiliary 
whereas in the other species it is almost below apex of first vein. 

Length 3.5 mm. 

Type.—South West Harbour, Me., July 11, 1918, (C. W. Johnson). 


Lonchza aberrans, sp. n. 


Male and Female.—Similar in colour to nigrociliaia. 

Frons of male with two series of long hairs on centre of interfrontalia, of 
female with a few hairs in addition to the two series; frontal lunule bare; third 
antennal segment but little longer than broad, about 1.5 at most; cheek as in 
nizrociliata. Upper part of orbits microscopically diagonally striate, with a 
silky appearance which is quite different from the broader glossy orbits of 
nigrociliata. Thorax as in that species but usually there are no hairs between 
the apical scutellar bristles. Legs as in migrociliata, Second costal division 
shorter than in that species, the inner cross-vein almost below apex of first. 
Ovipositor very slender, the apical hairs very short. 

Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Type.—Female, Parker, III., April 17, 1914, (Hart and Malloch). Allo- 
type, Algonquin, IIl., May 4, 1895, (Nason). Paratypes, male, Carlinville, 
Ill., determined as polita Say by Williston, (C. Robertson); female, Spruce 
Brook, Newfoundland, August 8-12 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.); one male and 
-one female, reared from heads of bull thistle, Elphinstone, Man., 
collected July 27, 1906, emerged in laboratory February 25. 1907, (W. A. 
Burman). Type in collection of Illinois State Natural History Survey. 


This and the preceding species belong to the subgenus Earomyia. 


By, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Lonchza pleuriseta, sp. n. 

Male and Female.—Glossy black, without a pronounced blue tinge. Orbits 
above, and upper half of frons shining, lower part of latter becoming whitish 
tomentose and densely so at anterior margin; face, parafacials, and cheeks 
densely white tomentose; antenne and palpi black. Legs black, tarsi more or 
less broadly reddish yellow at bases. Wings clear, veins brown, paler basally. 
Calyptre gray, fringes black. Halteres black. 

Eyes densely hairy, the hairs on male much longer than those no female; 
third antennal segment about twice as long as wide, its apex almost at mouth- 
margin; cheek from margin of mouth to lower margin of eye wider than third 
antennal segment, with rather dense, erect, fine hairs; frons of male about twice 
as long as width at vertex, narrowed a little anteriorly, the surface with rather 
long hairs, some hairs above orbital bristle; frons of female about one-third of 
the head-width, the hairs as in male but shorter; dorsum of thorax with rather 
dense hairs; scutellum with numerous hairs on disc and some long setulose hairs 
on margin, which are almost as long as the marginal bristles; pteropleura with 
some setulose hairs in centre. Second costal division over half as long as first; 
inner cross-vein well in front of apex of first vein; veins 3 and 4 subparallel. 

Length 4—5 mm. 

Type.—Male, allotype, and 11 paratypes, Fort Snelling, Minn., April 28, 
1920, (R. N. Chapman). Reared from puparia found under bark of dead oak 
tree, April 21, 1920. Type in collection of University of Minnesota. 


Lonchzea ursina, sp. n. 

Male.—Differs from the preceding species in having the frons narrower 
and with longer hairs, the third antennal segment narrowed at apex, the cheeks 
narrower and with more sparse, longer setulose hairs, thoracic dorsum with 
longer and denser hairs, pteropleura bare. 

Length 4—5 mm. 

Type and one paratype.—Naknek Lake, Alaska, (J. S. Hine). Type in 
collection of Professor Hine. 





A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PISSODES (COLEOPTERA). 
BY RALPH HOPFING, 
Division of Forest Insects, Dominion Entomological Branch, 

Up to the present time only four species of Pissodes have been recognized 
from California.* Two of these are coast species, Pissodes barberi Hopk. and 
P. radiate Hopk. The former from Humboldt County probably breeds on the 
Sitka spruce, the latter is known to breed on the Monterey pine and Knobcone 
pine. The remaining two are found in the high mountains of the State. One, 
Pissodes californicus Hopk., breeding on the western yellow pine (Pinus pon- 
derosa Laws.), and the other, Pissodes yosemite Hopk., breeding on Pinus pon- 
derosa Laws., Pinus lambertiana Dougl. and Pinus monticola Don. 

None of the California species mentioned above have been found breeding 
on the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Doug!.). The only species mentioned as 
breeding on lodgepole pine in Dr. Hopkins’ monograph of the genus are Pissodes 


*Contributions toward a monograph of the Bark-Weevils of the genus Pissodes, by A. D. 
Hopkins, Tech. Series, No. 20, Pt. 1, U. S. Dept. Agr, Nov. 11, 1911. 


June, 1920 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 133 


webbi Hopk. from Arizona and New Mexico and Pissodes murrayane Hopk. 
from Oregon. 


The work of Pissodes in California has been observed by the writer to 
consist of two distinct methods of attack either on the stem just above and 
below the ground, as in the attacks of P. yosemite, or in the terminals of the 
stem and limbs, as in Pissodes terminalis, sp. nov., described below. It is very 
doubtful whether any Californian species employs both methods of attack. 
At present P. terminalis seems to be the only Californian species attacking the 
terminals. 


Pissodes terminalis, sp. nov. 


The general colour is yellow-brown. The elytral interspaces three and five 
are broader than two and four and distinctly elevated, especially interspace 
three. The strie have deep, irregularly spaced 
punctures which are often obliterated by the scales. 
The elytra have yellow-scaled anterior spots and a 
more or less fused posterior band of white and yellow 
scales near the vertex of the declivity, the white 
scales extending to the sutural median line and covering 
the first and second interspaces to the scutellum. The 
apices of the elytra are covered with yellow scales. 
The white scales also extend across the median 
portion of the femora of both the middle and pos- 
terior pair of legs. The pronotum is densely covered 
with scales, those on the marginal half forming a white 
band which is sometimes fused with the pronotal 
spot. The basal angles are sub-rectangular, the 
margin of the pronotum slightly rounded basally 
and gradually restricted anteriorly toward the head. 
Pronotum distinctly not as wide as the elytra. 
GitH. The beak is moderate in length, stout and distinct- 


Fig. 15. ly red in colour. Eye spots distinct and linear. 
Pissodes terminalis, sp. nov. 





Length 5.5 mm. to 6.3 mm. 

Host tree.—Pinus contorta Dougl. 

Distribution.—Sierra Nevada Mts. from Kern to Lassen Counties, Cali- 
fornia. Type locality, Chester, Plumas Co., California. 

Type.—o and @ in the collection of the author where the species is repre- 
sented by a series of 10 specimens. Paratypes are in the collection of the Ento- 
mological Branch at Ottawa, and the collection of the California Academy of 
Sciences at San Francisco. The distribution of the scales is more like P. schwar:1 
than that of any other species, except that the posterior band does not stop at 
the second interspace. Dr. Hopkins’ key brings it nearer to Pissodes fasciatus 
Lec., from which it differs in the distinctly elevated third interspace. The 
accompanying illustration was drawn by my son, George Hopping. 

The work of this beetle was first noticed by the writer in 1907 in Kern 
County, California, near Cannel Mdws. at an elevation of about 7,000 feet. 
Later it was found distributed from the region of Mt. Whitney to Lassen County, 


134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


California. The most epidemic of its depredations, however, was near Chester 
in Plumas Co. Here large areas of poles and saplings in lodgepole pine stands 
had seriously suffered from its attacks. While the terminals of the limbs were 
often infested the general attack was on the terminal of the stem. Depreda- 
tions had continued in many trees for three successive years. This resulted 
in giving the trees a squat appearance, caused by curtailing the height growth 
with a consequent stimulation of lateral growth. Some areas of reproduction 
around Chester were badly infested by the fungus Peridermium harknessit. 
These areas were almost devoid of Pissodes attacks, and in the infested areas 
where infection from fungus was slight the Pissodes attacks were largely in the 


healthy trees. The termina! is generally killed down to and sometimes in- 
cluding the first whorl of branches. The larve mine the centre of pith of the 
terminal, each terminal producing from one to six adult weevils. The trans- 
formations take place in the fall, the adult apparently hibernating through the 
winter in the larval gallery. In many places the larve were heavily parasitized 
by a small dipterous insect. 





AN INTERESTING OTIORHYNCHIDE WEEVIL FROM VANCOUVER 
ISVAND: (COLEOPTERA). 


BY H. F. WICKHAM, 
Iowa City, Iowa. 


Several years ago, I received from Mr. A. W. Hanham, of Duncan’s, B.C., 
a few specimens of a weevil different from anything that I had seen in the North 
American fauna. It had much the appearance of some of the European species 
of Otiorhynchus and because of the general obscurity of the classification of 
the Otiorhynchide I did not feel at all sure as to its place in the system. Nothing 
in the Le Conte and Horn ‘‘Rhynchophora”’ matched it very well, either specifi- 
cally or generically, and I put it aside as something new, to be described later. 
Not long ago, after seeing some specimens of Phvmatinus gemmatus Lec., from 
Oregon, I was satisfied that the Vancouver Island species was pretty closely 
related, and wrote out a description referring the supposed novelty to the same 
genus, but fortunately discovered at almost the last moment that Dr. W. Dwight 
Pierce had already named a specimen from Oak Point, Wash., Panscopus (Phy- 
matinus) sulcirostris. The Vancouver Island examples agree with his description 
in nearly every respect, and I do not think that there can be any reasonable 
doubt as to their specific identity. However, as it is likely to figure in economic 
literature as a foe to flower gardens of British Columbia and the adjacent regions, 
I am allowing my description to stand, under the specific name that he has 
used, Phymatinus sulcirosiris Pierce. 


Form only moderately stout, hardly elongate, sides subparallel. Head 
rather narrow, eyes slightly oblique, broadly oval, prominent, limited behind 
by a groove. Rostrum moderately long, squarish in section at base, the height 


and breadth at that point being about equal, thence gradually and regularly 
June, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 135 


becoming about one-half wider to the tip, punctuation close, rather fine but 
deep and more or less confluent, extending well back on to the interocular area, 
median impressed line deep at middle, becoming evanescent between the eyes 
and just before the rostral apex. Vertex very finely and sparsely punctate. 
Above each eye is a band of pearly scales. Scrobes anteriorly visible from ‘above, 
broad, becoming wider and shallower posteriorly, the deeper median portion 
directed against the lower border of the eye. Antennae rather stout, scape 
reaching about to the middle of the eye, funicle a little longer, second joint about 
one-half longer than the first, third to sixth subequal, each about as long as 
wide, seventh a little longer and heavier, club oval, pointed, slightly annulate, 
pubescent except at base. Prothorax barely longer than wide, moderately 
convex longitudinally as well as transversely, apex truncate, about three-fifths 
as wideas the base, which is feebly bisinuate, sides divergent but nearly straight 
to the point of greatest width a little in front of the middle, thence subparallel 
but slightly concave to the base. Disk closely clothed with pearly scales through 
which protrude moderate sized mostly scattered granules, each with a median 
puncture. Middle line distinctly but not strongly canaliculate. | Scutellum 
minute, transverse, scaly. Elytra conjointly slightly arcuately emarginate at 
base, wider just behind the obliquely rounded humeri, thence nearly parallel 
sided to behind the middle, whence they are arcuately narrowed to the apex. 
Disk convex, strongly declivous behind, densely covered with pearly scales 
and with rows of granules like those on the prothorax. Beneath roughly and, 
in general, closely and rugosely punctured, a patch of scales on each side of the 
metasternum and of the second abdominal segment. Middle and hind legs 
with an incomplete femoral annulus beyond the middle, more pronounced on 
the hind pair. Tarsi hairy above, first three joints golden pubescent beneath, 
third joint broad, bilobed. Claws simple, approximate at base and only slightly 
divergent. Length, excluding rostrum 9.50 mm., of rostrum about 1.75 mm. 
Width across elytra 4.20 mm. 


Compared with P. gemmatus Lec., this species is similar in a general way, 
but that insect has the beak carinate instead of grooved, the antenne more 
slender, the legs uniformly scaly and the elytral granules smaller as well as 
differently arranged. In P. sulcirostris the elytral vestiture is mostly condensed 
into an irregular curved band extending from the humerus to a point near the 
suture a little behind the middle, and a large, irregular patch before and extend- 
ing to the apex. 


The specimens communicated to the National Collection of insects at 
Ottawa, and to myself, were all sent by Mr. Hanham, who, however, informs 
me that he did not capture them himself. They were found at Quamichan 
Lake, nearby. and were handed to him by his neighbor, Mrs. Ethel A. Leather, 
who found them first early in May, 1916, feeding upon the leaves of Lilium 
pardalinum, in the broad light of warm and sunny days. She found many 
hundreds of the beetles, most of which were destroyed, and, on digging about 
the roots of the lilies, quantities of the larvae and a few pupe. There is every 
likelihood that the species may reappear as a pest of some importance along the 
north Pacific coast. 


136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


SOME NOTES ON THE ERIOPHYIDZ: (ACARINA) 
IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. 


BY R. GLENDENNING, 
Duncan, B.C. 


In 1908 the writer noticed an infection of Big Bud on some black currant 
bushes that had been imported from England to a nursery on Vancouver Island. 
The affected bushes were destroyed, but in 1914 this pest was again noticed on 
bushes in a private garden which had been supplied from this nursery. 

Upon the attention of the Dominion Entomological Branch being called 
to this through their Field Officer for British Columbia, Mr. R. C. Treherne, 
this officer and the late Dr. Hewitt visited the affection, and a thorough inspec- 
tion was arranged for and made under the Provincial Department of Agricul- 
ture. This resulted in the finding and destroying of nearly eight hundred bushes 
which had been distributed from the nursery to various places on Vancouver 
Island. The possibility of the pest spreading to the various wild species of 
Ribes was not lost sight of; but it was not until 1916 that some bushes of Ribes 
bracteosum Dougl. (the wild black currant frequent by stream sides on the 
Pacific slope) were quite accidentally noticed to be affected. 

These had apparently become affected by cuttings of infected bushes 
being placed, by a farmer for rooting purposes, in the sandy alluvium of a stream 
bed about one-half mile up stream; some of the cuttings being afterwards washed 
out by a flood. These bushes are still bearing the affection, though the mite is 
not making much headway. 

Big Bud, I might here state for the benefit of those unacquainted with the 
pest, is caused by a true mite, which living hidden in the tightly-folded buds 
of the black currant sucks the juices therefrom, causing the buds to swell, be- 
come spherical instead of pointed, and finally to drop off during the summer 
without having expanded properly. Many hundred mites are located in one 
bud, and when the adult stage is reached in spring the mites migrate to the 
new buds. The result is partial, or in unchecked cases, total defoliation of the 
bushes; and from the fact that the mites are hidden in the buds for the greater 
part of the year and are so small when they do come out, intelligent spraying is 
very difficult and burning the affected bushes is usually resorted to, to get rid 
of this pest. This was the first record of this pest in N. America. 

At Agassiz, on the Mainland, the frequent affection of the native hazel 
(Corylus californica Rose) with a similar mite was noticed; the pest having a 
good hold on this plant which is very common in some parts of the Fraser Valley, 
and eventuallytwo other native shrubs were noticed affected with the same mite, 
namely, Ribes lacustre, a very spiny gooseberry-like shrub, and Ribes bracteosum, 
the wild black currant—the same species that became affected on Vancouver 
Island with the escaped European mite. 

A very interesting point is here raised by these discoveries regarding the 
specific identity of the mites on these plants, both in British Columbia and 
England. In England four species are commonly mentioned in reference 
books, namely, Eriophyes avellana, E. ribis, E. grossularie, and E. pyri, being 
named from their respective hosts. The last named, £. pyri, the common 
Pear leaf blister mite does not now interest us. The other three are not con- 


sidered specifically distinct by some authorities in England and the finding of 
June, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 137 


the native hazel, gooseberry and currant as above mentioned, all affected by a 
mite which has every appearance of being the same, lends colour to the proba- 
bility that the three forms found in England are not good species and would be 
transferable from one host to another. That this is what happens at Agassiz 
I have very little doubt. 

In 1906 the late George Massee conducted some experiments at Wisley 
Gardens, England, with a view to testing the possibility of transferring the mite 
on the hazel, (C. avellana) to the cultivated black currant. The plan of his 
experiment, with which the writer had the pleasure of assisting, was to plant 
alternate bushes of infected hazels and clean black currants at a distance of 
about four feet and to observe if by ordinary means the mite on the hazel would 
attach itself to the currants. 

Although the result of the experiment pointed to the immunity of the cur- 
rant from the hazel mite the test was not sufficiently long or thorough for positive 
proof on that point. 

That the hazel C. californica is the original and chief host of this pest in 
British Columbia there is little doubt. It is the exception and not the rule to 
find a bush of Ribes affected. On the South-eastern portion of Vancouver 
Island, where the hazel is quite scarce, I have never found the mite on either 
this shrub or on any Ribes sp. (with the exception of the previously-mentioned 
instance where the European mite had escaped), while at Agassiz the hazel is 
very common and is everywhere badly affected, in some cases 75% of the buds 
being arrested in development by the work of the mite. 

Some European hazels on the Dominion Experimental Farm at Agassiz 
were also found to be affected by bud mites; whether imported with them on 
recent migrants from the neighboring woods it would be difficult to say. 

The fact that this pest, which apparently lives on both hazel and currant, 
and is strongly entrenched in the Lower Fraser Valley, will have a retarding 
influence on the planting of these districts with small fruits, especially black 
currants; and it would certainly be folly to let any large acreage be planted until 
more investigational work has been done on this pest, and the fact that it will 
not affect the cultivated varieties of black currant and gooseberry has been 
proven beyond all doubt. 


NEW RHOPALOCERA FROM THE FAR EAST. 


BY WARO NAKAHARA, A.M., PH.D. 
Elmhurst, Long Island, N.Y. 


Leptidia inornata, n. sp. 

Related to L. amurensis Mén.; both wings broader; upperside of fore wing 
devoid of the apical dark patch. 

Male.—Wings broad, much broader than in L. amurensis; rounded at the 
apex. Upperside soft silky white, without markings except a dark suffusion 
along the anterior margin toward the base of the fore wing. Underside similar 
to the upperside in fore wing; hind wing with two nebular groups of dark atoms 
in the limbal area; the larger one extending from the 2nd to the 4th interspace, 
paralleling the hind margin, and the other, smaller one from the anterior angle 


obliquely toward the middle of the 5th interspace. 
June, 1920 


138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Expanse.—17¢ inches. 

Holotype.— 2, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, July 18, 1916, (S. Kuwayama). 
Type in the collection of the author. 
: On account of its broad wings, this species resembles a certain form of 
Pieris napi L., and in fact it has often been so identified. In his list of the 
butterflies of Hokkaido, Mr. S. Kuwayama refers to this species as P. napi 
saying that it is not rare in that Island, but not found in the Main Island of 
Japan. In reality, this species belong to the genus Leptidia, as can be easily 
told by the small size of the discal cells of the wings. 


Polygonia asakurai, n. sp. 


Very close to P. c-album L.; black markings above generally heavier; a 
distinct black belt in the limbal area of hind wing; the white mark in middle of 
hind wing beneath V-shaped, with its arms widely open. 

Male.—Fore wing above fulvous with an elongated black patch across the 
cell and at the end a larger patch of similar shape; an elongated sub-apical 
patch on the costa and one on the inner margin well separated; a row of three 
round spots running from the inner margin toward the lower end of the sub- 
apical patch, the first spot, which is cut by the vein II, being the largest; outer 
border blackish brown. Hind wing fulvous with three conspicuous black 
patches of about the same size in the discal area; a row of black spots forming a 
belt in the limbal area, running from the costal margin toward the anal angle; 
this belt and the dark brown outer border enclose a submarginal row of fulvous 
spots. Underside marbled with various shades of brown and ochre, and streaked 
with fine dark brown lines; the discal band across the wings irregular and in- 
distinct. Fore wing with a grayish white patch on the costa externally to the 
discal band; a row of elongated olivaceous spots before the outer margin. The 
similar olivaceous spots less distinct in hind wing; a limbal series of round 
olivaceous spots; the discal band marked with an interrupted wavy black line 
on each side; the white mark in the middle V-shaped, with its arms of about 
equal length opening widely to form an angle of about 135 degrees. 

Expanse.—13/, inches. 

Holotype—— 2, Horisha, Formosa, (K. Asakura), April 23, 1919. Type in 
the author’s collection. 

Oeneis pseudosatyra, n. sp. 

Related to O. nanna Mén.; wings wood brown; eye-spots pupiled with 
purplish white. Hind wing beneath without eye-spots; an ill-defined dark 
wavy belt accompanied by a grayish cloud: across the wing; no grayish markings 
in the basal area. 

Male.—Upperside of fore wing wood brown, darker toward the base; an eye- 
spot, pupiled with purplish white, in the 2nd, and a larger one in the 5th inter- 
space; brownish ring around the eye-spot indistinct. Hind wing similarly 
coloured, with four eye-spots similar to those of fore wing, the eye-spot in the 
4th interspace much smaller than others, the one in the 2nd interspace being 
the largest. Underside a little lighter. Fore wing with the eye-spots of the 
upperside repeated; a faint dark submarginal line, and another one across the 
limbal area; a short, dark bar at the end of the cell; a grayish patch at the apex, 
whence it extends in a very narrow line half way along the outer margin. Hind 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 139 


wing with an irregular dark brown belt, accompanied externally by a grayish 
nebular band, running from the middle of the costal margin to the anal angle; 
the row of eye-spots of the upperside replaced by a dark, regularly wavy sub- 
marginal belt; a grayish patch on the anterior angle, extending for a short 
distance along the anterior margin; another grayish patch at the end of the 
cell; the outer margin narrowly bordered with grayish. 

Expanse.—1 4/s inches. 

Holotype.—c’, Horisha, Formosa, August 13, 1919, (KK. Asakura). Type 
in the collection of the author. 

The wood brown colour of the wing, closely resembling that of Satyrus 
marks this species very well in the genus Oeneis. This singular species of Oenets 
forms an exception in this genus of ‘‘Arctics,’” on account of its occurrence in 
subtropical territory. 





A NEW APHODIUS FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
(COLEOPTERA-SCARABAEID£E). 


BY RICHARD T. GARNETT, 
Oakland, California, 


Aphodius canadensis, sp. nov. 


Form moderately elongate and convex, twice as long as wide, (form similar 
to that of A. aleutus var. ursinus Motsch.); black, shining, side margins of thorax 
a faint reddish-brown (wider at anterior angle), front margin of thorax narrowly 
yellow, sides of head with a faint brownish lustre, femora piceous, tibiz rufo- 
piceous, tarsi paler. Antenne rufo-testaceous, the club darker; palpi pale. 
Head moderately convex, an elevated tubercle at middle, and a small flattened 
tubercle on each side at the angulation of the clypeal suture; the suture elevated 
on each side from the angulation to the lateral margin; surface punctulate, 
more finely at middle, coarser on the sides and base; clypeus broadly and deeply 
emarginate, the angles on each side obtuse and rounded, the sides arcuate, the 
genz more prominent than the eyes, fimbriate laterally, the fimbriations longer 
beneath the gene, plainly visible from above. Thorax convex, broader at base 
than apex, narrowly margined, not explanate, sides slightly arcuate and finely 
fimbriate; hind angles broadly rounded, apical margin straight, base arcuate; 
disc finely closely punctate, intermixed on basal half and at sides with small 
cribrations; basal line distinct. Scutellum small, the base moderately closely 
punctured, the apex smooth. Elytra a little wider behind the middle, slightly 
narrower than the thorax at their junction, epipleurz fimbriate on the basal 
third; disc glabrous, coarsely striate, the striz strongly densely punctured on 
the basal three-quarters, less strongly apically; intervals nearly flat and finely 
closely punctured. Abdomen closely punctured, the punctures bearing rather 
coarse hairs. Mesosternum very prominently carinate between the coxa, 
opaque and alutaceous in front. Anterior tibia punctate on the anterior face, 
the punctures setigerous and placed in a straight line from base to apex and 
nearer the outer edge; also a few terminal and lateral punctures; acutely tri- 
dentate, distinctly crenate above the basal tooth. First joint of anterior tarsus 


equal to the second. Posterior tibia stout, the posterior marginal fimbriations 
June, 1920; 


140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


long and unequal. First joint of hind tarsus equal to the following three. 
Length (.24 inch) 6 mm., width (.12 inch) 3 mm. 

Type and paratype in the author’s collection, collected at Cranbrook, 
British Columbia, July 12, 1919, and May 14, 1919, by Mr. C. B. Garrett. 
Four other paratypes of the same lot were studied, three from Cranbrook and 
one from Crow’s Nest, B.C., secured between April 17, 1915, and May 14, 1919. 
Two of these are in the collection of C. B. Garrett, one is deposited in the collec- 
tion of the California Academy of Sciences, and one in that of Dr. E. C. Van 
Dyke. Taking the entire series into consideration the length varies from 6-7'/2 
mm. The carination of the mesosternum in two of the specimens was less 
pronounced than in the others, but nevertheless distinct. 

This species has the form and general appearance of A. aleutus var. ursinus 
Motsch., and probably has been confused with it in collections. The long and 
unequal fimbriation of the hind tibia and thecarinate mesosternum, however, 
serve to easily distinguish this from wrsinus as well as from other black, shining 
species. According to the characters given by Dr. Horn* this would fit into 
Group 1-b with rubeolus, stercorosus, and the more recently described troglodytes 
and campestris, from which it is easily distinguishable, having an entirely dif- 
ferent facies, colour, size, etc. An examination of boreal and Alaskan material 
in the cabinet of Dr. Van Dyke was made and no form parallel in structure 
could be found. 

A key to this Group 1-b revised to date follows:— 


J. \ omaller—-3—5 mm.; above not black, varying in colour... oci¢4< eece 2 

—  lLarger—6-7!/. mm.; more robust; black, head tuberculate; posterior 

tibia stout; sides of thorax with large and small punctures. British 

MBit dey Het coe Geeks Cress Aiea e Me ree ONL Seas Sn, Rega A. canadensts, sp. nov. 

2. Posterior tibia stout; first joint of hind tarsus not as long as the next 

three; head not tuberculate; 314-5 mm. Middle States to Missour1 

Texas, also.rare in Massachusetts......¢..........0.:.:..-00:004. 7ubeolus Beauy: 

Sat Me OSuehOn Wubi Tat Mer, SIOTICET ic.) 12. es, sdk ss ecamee caved ctecadites Uy Tee a tnee tee eee Sy 

3. Sides of thorax with. large and small punctures intermixed; 3!/-4//4 mm. 

All east of Mississippi and north to Dakota.................2 A. stercorosus Mels. 

— Sides of thorax finely punctulate, without coarse punctures....................... 4 

4. Elytral intervals smooth; head and thorax reddish or pale chestnut brown; 

elytra brownish yellow. 3 mm. Sarasota, Fla. From beneath cow 

GLGp PUNISH scale ances each eee aera a ae. A. campestris Blatch. 

Elytral intervals with sparse fine punctures; colour honey yellow or reddish 
yellow. 3-3.8mm. Crescent City, Fla. From tortoise 

DOTAMAO WISE ieee yng hoy he eek pga See ce Renee A. troglodytes Hubbard. 


Mr. Garrett, to whom I am indebted for my specimens of A. canadensis, 
says that it is found rather abundantly at Cranbrook, which is in the south- 
eastern part of British Columbia. 

Of the five species mentioned in the key to the group A. campestris Blatchley 
is the only one I have not examined. The characters given in the table will 
serve to separate it from A. troglodytes Hubbard, although the punctuation of 


*Dr. John Horn, Monograph of Aphodiini of U. S., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 14, 1887, 
pp. 1-110, 


—— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 141 


the elytral intervals in the latter is sometimes very fine and a good magnifica- 
tion is necessary. Judging by their descriptions: there is little to choose be- 
tween these two species except their different habits. Greater differences might 
be noted if the descriptions of both species were not so abbreviated. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GRouP I-B. 

Aphodius rubeolus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 90. 

A. stercorosus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. 2, 1844, 136. 

A. troglodytes Hubbard, Insect Life, 1894, p. 312. 

A. campestris Blatchley, Canadian Ent., Vol. 44, 1912, p. 330. 

A. canadensis, sp. nov. 


NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN CRANE-FLIES FROM 
TROPICAL AMERICA (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA). 


BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, 
Urbana, III. 


The majority of the new species described herein as new were secured by 
Mr. Herbert S. Parish along the Amazon River. The new Teucholabis was 
secured by Prof. Hine in Guatemala, and sent to me through the kindness of 
Dr. Kennedy. The new species are preserved in the collection of the author. 


Teucholabis pabulatoria, sp. n. 


Size very small (wing under 4 mm.); head gray; general coloration reddish 
yellow; pleura with an appressed gray pubescence; wings hyaline, the stigma 
small and ill-defined; Sc: ending just beyond the origin of Rs; Re+3 in alignment 
with Rs; cell Rs very wide at the wing-margin. 

Male.—Length 3.6 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. 

Female.—Length 3.8 mm.; wing 3.7 mm. 

Rostrum reddish brown; palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scapal 
segments dark brown, sparsely pruinose; flagellum broken. Head light gray. 

Pronotum reddish yellow. Mesonotum reddish brown, the prascutum 
without distinct stripes. Pleura reddish yellow, the ventral sclerites with a 
heavy, grayish white pubescence. MHalteres light brown, the large knobs dark 
brown. Legs with the coxe reddish, sparsely pruinose; trochanters dull yellow; 
femora yellow, the tips broadly dark brownish black; tibiz brownish yellow, 
the tips narrowly dark brown; metatarsi light brown, the apical third blackened; 
remainder of the tarsi black. Wings hyaline, the stigma barely indicated, 
brown; veins dark brown. The microscopic trichie on the wing-disk are here 
larger than is usual in the genus. Venation: Sc short, Sci ending a short dis- 
tance beyond the origin of Rs, Sce a short distance from the tip of Sci, located 
before the origin of the sector; Ri beyond 7 very short, the tip pale; Rs long, 
gently arcuated, in alignment with and subequal! to R23; 7 in alignment with 
the deflection of Ras; cell Ks very wide at the wing-margin; R4+s bending strongly 
to the wing-tip; inner end of cell /s¢ M2 lying a short distance proximad of the 
inner ends of cells Rs and Rs; basal deflection of Mi+2 and the outer deflection 
of Ms almost obliterated; basal deflection of Cui a short distance beyond the 
fork of M. 


Abdomen brown, the sternites paler. Male hypopygium with the pleurites 
June, 1920 


142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


short, the tips projecting far beyond the very simple chitinized, pleural appen- 
dages which are situated on the inner face; these appendages are two.in number, 
one appearing as a slender, cylindrical, chitinized arm, the other appendage 
appears as a flattened plate which runs out into a small, chitinized point. From 
the hypopygium projects a long, slender rod, pale, the tip enlarged and slightly 
blackened. The homologies of this rod cannot be told from the materia! at 
hand. 

Habitat.—Guatemala. 

Holotype.—, Gualan, January 13, 1905, (J. S. Hine). 

Alloiype.— @. 

The types were taken from the mouth of a female damsel-fly (Heierina 
tricolor Burm.) by Dr. C. H. Kennedy. By the writer’s key to the American 
species of Teucholabis (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 40, pp. 235-239; 1914), 
Teucholabis pabulatoria will run to T. jocosa Alexander from which it is readily 
told by its small size, the very different coloration of the thorax, and the venation. 


Erioptera (Mesocyphona) cladophora, sp. n. 


Generally similar to E. annulipes Williston; tibiz with four brown bands; 
2nd Anal vein strongly sinuous and with a spur before its tip. 

Male.—Length 2.8 mm.; wing 2.8 mm. 

Female.—Length 3.5 mm.; wing 3.5-3.6 mm. 

Generally similar to E. annulipes, differing as follows: 

Most of the femora with four brown bands; tibize with four narrow brown 
bands, alternating with four subequal white areas; metatarsi with the base and 
apex dark brown; tarsal segments three to five and the end of the second dark 
brown. Wings with a faint brownish tinge; large whitish subhyaline areas 
occupy the ends of all the cells along the wing-margin; similar white areas in 
the ends of cells R and M and before the large spur of the 2nd Anal vein in cell 
Ist A; small brown spots at the ends of all the longitudinal veins; a narrow, 
dark brown seam along the cord; veins dark brown. Venation: Generally as 
in E. annulipes but the 2nd Anal vein is very remarkably distinct; very strongly 
bisinuous, almost as in the genera Helobia and Symplectomor pha, before the last 
curve with a strong spur that juts into cell /st A, this spur directed cephalad 
and basad, in some specimens almost attaining vein /st A and thus appearing 
as a supernumerary cross-vein in cell 7st A (as in the genus Discobola); this spur 
is surrounded by a dark seam. Male hypopygium with two long, slender 
pleural appendages, the outermost bifid almost to the base and thus appearing 
as two separate appendages; inner appendage longest and more strongly curved 
than in the others; gonapophyses appearing as a long, slender, slightly-incurved 
rod with the apex blackened., ; 

Habitat.—Brazil. 

Holotype.— co’, Manaos, October 31, 1919, (H. S. Parish). 

Allotopotype.— 2, November 4, 1919. 

Paratopotypes.—11 o&’s 9’s, October 22-31, 1919. 


Sigmatomera amazonica Westwood. 
1881 Sigmatomera Amazonica, Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Londen, part 


9 


3, pp. 366, 367; pl. 17. Fig. 3. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 143 


The female sex of this beautiful crane-fly has never been described. One 
specimen was taken at Flores, Brazil, November 12, 1919, by Mr. H. S. Parish 
and may be described as allotypic. 

Allotype.— 2, length 11.5 mm.; wing 11.8 mm. 


Rostrum and palpi very small, dark brown. Front obscure yellow. 
Antenne black, the flagellar segments subcylindrical, feebly constricted beyond 
mid-length. Head moderately large, the vertex very narrow between the eyes 
and here with a sparse gray bloom; remainder of the head dark brownish black. 


Thorax shiny black, the dorso-pleural membranes obscure yellow. Legs 
with the cox shiny black, the fore coxz rufous apically; trochanters rufous; 
femora rufous, narrowly blackened basally and with the tips broadly black; 
tibiee black, the bases a little paler; tarsi brownish black. | Wings as in the male; 
cell 1st Ms open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M3. 


Abdomen reddish, the seventh and succeeding segments black. Ovi- 
positor with the tergal valves rather short and slender arising from a long basal 
shield, the apex dilated into a compressed tridentate blade, the ventral tooth 
larger and more flattened; from near the base of the tergal valves on the outer 
side, a pencil of long, curved, yellow bristles that are directed caudad and laterad; 
sternal valves of the ovipositor longer than the tergal valves, originating op- 
posite the base of the dorsal shield, the tips acute. 


Subgenus Polymerodes, subg. n 


Characters as in Polymera, s.s., but the tibial spurs lacking. Venation 
reduced, cell MM, lacking and cell MW; small, not longer than its petiole. 


Type of the subgenus.—Polymera (Polymerodes) parishi, sp. n. 


This new group is necessitated for the reception of three small species of 
Polymera in which the tibial spurs are quite lacking. In the typical subgenus 
the tibial spurs are long and visible even with a hand-lens. It is very difficult 
to classify such forms since the females invariably run out to the genus Evioptera 
by means of the existing keys. The males have the beautiful bi-nodose antenne 
of the typical subgenus. The species, besides the type, that are referable to 
this subgenus are P. conjuncta Alexander and P. conjunctoides Alexander. 


The three known species may be separated by means of the appended key: 


1. Size larger (wing of the male 4 mm. or over); antenna conspicuously 
annulated, the base and apex of each flagellar segment light yellow, 
the remainder of the segment black; thoracic pleura with a very broad, 
black stripe that almost covers the entire region.................. parishi, sp. n. 

Size small (wing of the male less than 4 mm.); antenne uniformly black; 
pleura uniformly pale or with a narrow dark stripe................... nee 

2. Thoracic pleura with a narrow but distinct black longitudinal 
“Es lielah 4s 0 op Satie se she hE ODERE AI AE ONL conjunctoides Alexander. 

Thoracic pleura without a Histack neck stripe, the pleura being approxi- 
mately concolorous with the dorsum......................... conjuncta Alexander. 


Polymera (Polymerodes) parishi, sp. n. 


Flagellar segments black, annulated with yellow; thoracic pleura largely 
black. 


° 


144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 4-4.5 mm. 

Generally similar to P. conjuncia Alexander, differing as follows: 

Size larger. Antennal flagellum with the individual segments distinctly 
annulated, black with the base narrowly, the apex more broadly, light yellow; 
each flagellar segment is binodose, the nodes with very long, outspreading 
verticils. The thoracic pleura has a very broad, brownish black stripe that 
extends to the abdomen; thoracic sternum also brownish black, the space be- 
tween this and the pleura only slightly paler. Wings with a strong brown tinge; 
vein Sc shorter; Ro,3 shorter than that section of R; beyond ry. Abdomen black. 

Habitat.—Brazil. 

Holotype.-— co, Manaos, November 4, 1919, (H. S. Parish). 

Paratopoiype.—A badly-broken o, October 31, 1919. 


Eriocera amazonicola, sp. n. 

General coloration orange-yellow; antennal flagellum brownish black, the 
scutal lobes and posterior half of the mesonotal prescutum brownish; wings 
yellow, narrowly cross-banded and longitudinally streaked with brown, this 
including a narrow apical margin. 

Male.—Wing 9.3 mm. 

Female.—Length 12 mm.; wing 10.8 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head reddish brown; palpi obscure brownish 
yellow. Antenne with the scape fiery orange; flagellum dark brownish black, 


only the extreme base of the first flagellar segment brighter. Head fiery orange, _ 


the frontal tubercle moderately large and with a slight, impressed, median line. 

Mesonotum obscure yellow, the prascutum behind and the scutal lobes 
more brownish; scutellum and postnotum more orange-yellow. Pleura yellow. 
Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters 
yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly dark brown; tibiz obscure 
brownish testaceous, the tips very narrowly darker brown; tarsi dark brown. 
Wings with a strong yellowish tinge, most conspicuous in the costal region and 
at the wing-base; anal cells more grayish; conspicuous brown seams at the origin 
of Rs, extending to beyond midlength of the vein; along the cord, extending as 
a narrow cross-band from the stigma to the posterior margin of the wing; a 
narrow seam around the wing-tip; veins R1,;, M3, Ci, the outer end of cell /st 
Ms, Cu and 2nd A narrowly margined with brown; veins light yellow, darkened 
in the brown areas. Venation: Rs long; r just beyond the fork of Ro,s; inner 
ends of cells R; and /st M, in oblique alignment; cell /st M2 rather small, sub- 
rectangular, shorter than the veins beyond it; basal deflection of Cu just beyond 
the fork of M. 

Abdomen with the tergites fiery orange, segments five and six darker 
basally; sternites orange-yellow. Ovipositor with the valves elongate, chitinized. 

' Habitat.—Brazil. 

Holotype.— 9 , Manaos, November 4, 1919, (H. S. Parish). 

Allotype.—o&, Flores, November 12, 1919. 

The male specimen is in poor condition, having been badly eaten by ants. 
The hypopygium is of the Eriocera-type but the penis-guard is very long and 
exserted, somewhat as in E. longistyla Alexander. 





ee 


Ss = 7 > 
oo ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 145 


UNDESCRIBED AFRICAN CRANE-FLIES IN THE BRITISH 
MUSEUM. (TIPULIDA:, DIPTERA). 


BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, 
Urbana, III. 


For the past several years the writer has been engaged in preparing a 
monographic revision of the crane-flies of the Ethiopian Region. The collec- 
tions of many of the museums in America, Europe and South Africa have been 
generously loaned me for study in the continuation of this work. . The largest 
collections of tropical African Tipulide available are those of the British Museum 
(Natural History), and I would express my sincere thanks to Mr. F. W. Edwards 
for his kindness in sending me this material. The Limnobiine of this collection 
are discussed in another paper; part of the Tipuline are described in this article. 


Genus Habromastix Skuse. 
Habromastix edwardsiana, sp. n. 


General coloration rusty-brown; wings pale brown, cells C and Sc and the 
wing-apex dark brown; a pale area before and beyond the stigma; fusion of 
M; and Ci extensive; abdomen black, ringed with obscure yellow. 


Male—Length 10.5 mm.; wing 10.4 mm.; antenna 10.3 mm. _ Hing leg, 
femur 6.3 mm.; tibia 9 mm. 

Female.—Length 10.3 mm.; wing 10.2 mm. 

Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Head vertical in position, the frontal 
prolongation very short. Antenne pale brownish yellow, brightest basally, 
the outer segments darker; scapal segments small; first flagellar segment en- 
larged basallv; flagellar segments clothed with a long, erect pubescence and 
provided with a few, very tiny, black verticils. Vertex bright brown; head 
between the eyes broad. 

Mesonotal prescutum rusty-brown without stripes; remainder of the 
mesonotum a little darker. Pleura pale brown, the mesepimeron a little brighter. 
Halteres pale brown, the base of the stem brighter, the knobs dark brown. 
Legs with the coxe and trochanters brownish yellow; femora and tibize pale 
yellowish brown, the tips conspicuously blackened, the latter very narrowly; 
tarsi yellowish brown, only the distal segments darkened. Wings with a strong, 
brownish tinge; cells C and Sc dark brown; stigma dark brown; apices of cells 
R, and R; strongly darkened; cross-veins and deflections of veins indistinctly 
seamed with brown; a conspicuous whitish area before the stigma in cell 2nd R,; 
and a smaller, but similar, area beyond the stigma in the base of cell Ro; cells 
in the vicinity of /sé M, indistinctly centred with paler; veins dark brown. 
Venation: Rs strongly arcuated at origin; tip of R; somewhat indistinct; basal 
deflection of Rs nearly as long as 7; cell /st Ms pentagonal; petiole of cell M, 
about equal to m; basal deflection of Cu; just beyond the fork of M, the fusion 
of M; and Cu, being a little shorter than the basal deflection of Mj,.. 

“Abdomen with the first segment vellow; remaining segments with the 
basal and apical thirds black, the middle third obscure yellow, producing a 
narrow, pale-ringed appearance; eighth and ninth segments black. In the 
female, the abdomen is almost uniformly drak brown in colour and greatly dis- 


tended with eggs. Male hypopygium of an unusually generalized structure, 
June, 1920 


146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


not unlike that occurring in the subfamily Limnobiine; ninth tergite almost 
straight across the caudal margin; pleurites subcylindrical, each with two 
pleural appendages, borne at the apex; the outer appendage is flattened, pale, 
elongate-oval in outline; inner appendage flattened, clothed with conspicuous 
dense hairs; on the dorsal face before the tip produced into a long, blackened 
point that extends beyond the other parts of this appendage; pleural suture 
indicated only beneath, straight. Ninth sternite membranous, the caudal 
margin with a deep, rounded, median notch. Penis-guard a simple, cylindrical 
rod. Anal tube conspicuous, pale. Ovipositor with the tergal valves com- 
pressed, strongly upcurved, the tips subacute; sternal valves very compressed 
and flattened, the tips obtusely rounded. 


Habitat.—Ashanti. 


Holotype.— o, Obuasi, June 20, 1907, (Dr. W. M. Graham), B. M. No. 
1908-245. 

Alloiopotype.— 2, in the copula with the male. 

The types were caught in dense bush on a leaf. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Habromastix riedeliana, sp. n. 


Antenne moderately elongated; mesonotum yellowish red, unmarked with 
darker; wings pale brown, the costal region slightly darker; fusion of MJ, and 
Cu; punctiform; abdomen yellow, striped longitudinally with black. 

Male.—Length about 11.8 mm.; wing 11.5 mm. Hing Jeg, femur 7.5 mm.; 
tibia 9.7 mm. 

Female.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 11.5 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head short but evident, brownish yellow; 
nasus lacking; palpi short, dark brown. Antennz moderately elongate, in the 
male, if bent backward, extending about to mid-length of the abdomen; but 
nine flagellar segments; scape and basal swelling of the first flagellar segment 
yellow, remainder of the flagellum dark brown, clothed with a dense, erect, 
pale pubescence; verticils short and sparse. Head brownish, covered with a 
pale pollen; no vertical tubercle; vertex between the comparatively small eyes 
broad. | 

Mesonotum light yellowish red without darker markings. Pleura obscure 
yellow. Halteres long and slender, pale yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs 
with the coxe and trochanters yellow; femora yellow basally, the outer half 
pale brown, the tips dark brown; tibie pale brown, the tips narrowly dark 
brown; tarsi brown. Wings with a pale brownish tinge, the costal and sub- 
costal cells, and the stigma, slightly darker brown; veins indistinctly seamed 
with brown; an indistinct whitish spot before the stigma in cell /st R, and an- 
other crossing cell /st Ms; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs rather short and 
feebly arcuated, about equal to Roe,;; cell Ro large, veins R, and R; divergent; 
cell 1st Mz rather small, pentagonal; petiole of cell 17, about one-half longer than 
m,; fusion of Ms; and Cu; very slight, almost punctiform. 

Abdomen yellow, heavily lined with black; basal tergite yellowish brown; 
second tergite yellow with brown median and lateral stripes; tergites three to 
seven with the conspicuous median and lateral stripes broadly connected apically 
so that only the sides at the base are of the obscure yellow ground-colour. Eighth 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 147 


segment entirely black; hypopygium reddish. Abdomen of female dark, dis- 
tended with eggs; ovipositor reddish horn-colour. Male hypopygium somewhat 
as in H. edwardsiana; ninth tergite with a shallow median notch and broader 
and slightly deeper lateral notches. Sterno-pleurite prolonged considerably 
beyond the level of the tergite, the pleural appendages borne at the apex; outer 
appendage slender, pale; inner appendage a flattened blade with the apex bifid, 
the base rounded and tumid, densely hairy. Ninth sternite with a very deep 
and narrow U-shaped median notch. Eighth sternite witha very low V-shaped 
notch, the margin unarmed. Ovipositor with the tergal valves comparatively 
slender;sternal valves long, compressed, the tips obtuse. 

Habitat.—Nyasaland. 

Holotype-— oo, Mt. Mlanje, January 6, 1913, (S. A. Neave). 

Allotype.— 9 , January, February, 1914, (J. B. Davey). 

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology 1913-236, 1915-58. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Genus 7ipula Linneus. 
Tipula (Tipulodina) milanjii, sp. n. 

Coloration orange-yellow; preescutum and scutum largely shiny black; legs 
black, the tibiz with a broad whitish ring beyond the base; wings brownish 
yellow, stigma oval, dark brown; abdomen orange-yellow, the tergites ringed 
caudally with velvety black. 

Female.—Length about 26.5 mm.; wing about 21.5 mm.; abdomen alone, 
19.2 mm. Fore leg, femur 10.7 mm.; tibia 13.3 mm.; metatarsus, 9.8 mm.; 
2nd tarsal segment 3.1 mm.; 3rd to,fifth tarsal segments 3 mm. Hind leg, femur 
13.8 mm.; tibia 15 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head rather short, clear orange-yellow; nasus 
short and stout; mouth-parts and palpi brown. Antenne with the scapal seg- 
ments fiery orange; flagellar segments cylindrical, dark brown; verticils rather 
short. Head fiery orange; a small black spot on the ventral side adjoining the 
inner margin of the eye; vertex broad, eyes small. 

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotum yellow, the prescutum with three broad, 
shiny black stripes, the narrow interspaces opaque velvety-black so the dorsum 
appears to be almost entirely black, only the lateral regions of the ground colour; 
scutal lobes shiny black; scutellum clear light yellow, the lateral wings brown; 
postnotum light yellow. Pleura light orange-yellow. Mesosternum a little 
-infuscated. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem narrowly pale. Legs 
with the coxe and trochanters orange-yellow; femora dark brownish black, 
the extreme base brighter; tibia black with a rather broad (1.7 mm.) whitish 
ring just beyond the base; tarsi brownish black; metatarsi much shorter than 
tibia; femora slightly enlarged apically; claws of female simple, empodia pale. 
Wings rather broad, with a pale brownish yellow suffusion; cell C light brown, 
cell Sc dark brown; stigma dark brown, oval; indistinct brown seams along the 
cord; veins dark brownish black. Venation: Rs rather short, slightly arcuated; 
RK short, about one-half the length of Ry.3; m-cu very short but present. 

Abdomen with tergites one to five orange-yellow; segments two to five 
with the posterior margins deep velvety-black and sending a paler brown band 
cephalad to the anterior margin of the segments; tergites six and seven similar 


148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


but the basal half entirely dark brown; eight and nine orange; sternites generally 
similar, segments two to five with a brown posterior band, reduced to a triangle 
on the second and third segments, the second segment with an additional brown 
band near midlength; segments six and seven dark brown, the caudal margin 
very narrowly yellow. Ovipositor with the tergal valves long and slender, 
the tips curved a little ventrad; sternal valves compressed, the tips broadly 
rounded. ; 


Habitat.—N yasaland. 


Holotype.— 2, Mt. Mlanje, November 21, 1912, (S. A. Neave). 

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee 1913-394. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

This magnificent crane-fly is apparently related to the much smaller and less 
brightly coloured 7ipulodina kinangopensis Riedel (British East Africa) and is 
referred, provisionally, at least, to the subgenus Tipulodina Enderlein. The 
white tibial bands in the present species suggest that this reference is correct 
although the two African forms are very much more brightly coloured than the 
numerous Oriental species as known. TJipula milanjii in its general appearance 
suggests a large and handsome species of Nephrotoma. 


Tipula silinda, sp. n. 

Allied to 7. jocosa; mesonotal prescutum yellow with three yellowish 
stripes that are margined with brown; lateral and anterior margins of the pre- 
scutum dark brown; postnotum yellow, the caudal margin dark.brown including 
a dark brown spot above the base of the halteres; pleura yellow, faintly marked 
with brown; legs yellow, tips of the femora broadly blackened; wings brownish 
subhyaline, a darker brown spot at arculus, stigma dark brown, brown seams 
along the cord; whitish obliterative areas beyond the arculus and before the 
stigma; cell /s¢ M. ample; abdomen brownish yellow, margined sublaterally 
with dark brown. . 

Female—Length 25 mm.; wing 22.5 mm.; abdomen alone, 17.8 mm. Fore 
leg, femur 14.5 mm.; tibia 17.8 mm.; metatarsus 16.2 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head brownish yellow; mouth-parts and palpi 
brown. Antenne with the scape and basal two or three flagellar segments 
yellow, the remainder of the flagellum passing into dark brown; verticils long 
and conspicuous. Head obscure brown. 

Pronotal scutum light brown; scutellum more yellowish. Mesonotal 
prescutum obscure yellow, the three stripes concolorous and evident only by 
their brown margins; median stripe with the lateral margins ill-defined at mid- 
length and with a broad, brown median stripe; lateral stripes with the brown 
margins distinct, the lateral margin broader than the proximal; at the anterior 
ends of the lateral stripes a large, rounded, dark brown spot; anterior margin 
of the prescutum narrowly dark brown; scutum obscure yellow anteriorly, 
dark brown posteriorly, this colour confluent across the median line; scutellum 
with the median area yellow, narrowly margined caudally with brown, the 
lateral wings of the scutellum similarly yellow but here margined anteriorly 
with brown; postnotum with the median sclerite yellow with two indistinct 
brown lines, the caudal margin with two dark brown spots; lateral sclerites of 
the postnotum yellow, the dorsal anterior margin brown, extending to beneath 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 149 


the wing-root; ventral posterior margin, immediately dorsad of the base of the 
halteres conspicuously dark brown. Pleura yellow, a pale brown cloud on the 
dorsal mary u of the mesosternum and another on the caudal margin of the 
mesepimeron. Halteres with the base and knobs conspicuously light yellow 
the remainder of the stem dark brown. Legs with the coxe yellow, the outer 
face of the posterior coxe infumed; trochanters yellow; femora yellow, the tips 
broadly (1.8 mm.) and abruptly blackened; tibize brownish yellow, the tips 
rather narrowly dark brown; tarsi brown, darker distally. Wings with a faint 
brownish tinge, cell Sc more brownish yellow; stigma brown; a brown spot at 
the arculus; brown seams along the cord, outer and anterior margin of cell /s¢ 
M:z; obliterative areas beyond arculus and before the stigma; veins dark brown. 
Venation: similar to 7. pomposa but veins Rs and Re,3 in alignment; Rs shorter 
than Ro.3; vein R; bent a little toward Ry; (as in 7. alphaspis); cell 1st M2 very 
large, roughly rounded-oval in outline; fusion of M3; and Cu extensive, longer 
than the basal deflection of M;. 

Abdomen with the basal tergites obscure yellowish, beyond the second 
more brownish; lateral margins of the segments narrowly light yellow; a broad, 
dark brown, submarginal stripe; sternites more uniformly reddish yellow, 
Ovipositor with the tergal valves very long and slender, straight, divergent; 
sternal valves ending about opposite mid-length of the tergal valves, compressed. 

Habiiat.—Southern Rhodesia. 

Holotype— 2, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter District, altitude 3,800 feet, June 
11, 1911, (C. F. M. Swynnerton). 

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee 1912-145. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

Tipula silinda is somewhat similar to 7. pomposa Bergroth but is very 
distinct in the details of coloration and structures. It is closer to 7°. jocosa Alex- 
ander (Cape Colony—Natal) and 7. masai, sp. n. (British East Africa) as 
discussed under this latter species. The specific name, silinda, is the Zulu 
form of Chirinda, for the explanation of which I am indebted to Dr. G. A. K. 
Marshall. 


Tipula masai, sp. n. 

Allied to 7. jocosa; antenne yellow; wings grayish subhyaline, variegated 
with brown seams and hyaline spaces in certain of the cells. 

Female.—Wing 18 mm. Middle leg, femur 9.5 mm.; tibia 10.5 mm. Hind 
leg, femur 10 mm.; tibia 12.1 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head rather slender, brownish yellow, paler 
ventrally, with a narrow, brown, lateral line; mouth-parts yellowish; palpi * 
dark brown. Antenne light yellow, only the distal segments darker coloured. 
Head reddish brown. 

Pronotum light brown. Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow with four 
narrow, light yellow stripes that are narrowly margined with dark brown so as 
to practically obliterate the ground colour; intermediate stripes bent away from 
one another near mid-length, exposing a linear strip of the ground colour; 
anterior and lateral margins of the prascutum dark brown; scutum yellow, the 
lobes indistinctly margined anteriorly with brown, the posterior half broadly 
and conspicuously margined with brown, this colour bridging the posterior half 


150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


of the median area; scutellum and postnotum obscure brown; a slightly darker 
brown spot on the lateral sclerites of the postnotum above the base of the halteres 
Pleura indistinctly marked with pale brown and whitish. Halteres light brown, 
the base of the stem and the knobs conspicuously light yellow. Legs with the 
coxe and trochanters yellow, the outer face of the middle cox infuscated ; femora 
vellow, a little brightened immediately before the broad, black tips; tibiz 
obscure yellow, the tips narrowly and indistinctly darkened; tarsi light brown, 
passing into darker brown at the tips. Wings grayish subhyaline, sparsely 
marked with brown and variegated with hyaline; costal cell slightly more yel- 
lowish, the subcostal cell brownish yellow; stigma brown; conspicuous brown 
seams at the origin of Rs; along the cord in the bases of cells R; and R;; com- 
pletely surrounding cell /st Mz and at the fork of My,.; deflection of Cu; broadly 
seamed with brown; a large brownish area near the arculus in the bases of cells 
Rand M; a large obliterative streak along the cord, extending from before the 
stigma, across cell /st Mz, into the base of cell M4; smaller hyaline areas beyond 
the stigma, in the bases of cells 1, and 2nd M.; and two others in the end of 
cell 1st A, one adjoining vein /st A, the other nearer the 2nd Anal vein; veins 
dark brown. Venation: somewhat as in 7. jocosa, differing as follows: Rs 
longer, a little longer than Ro,3; base of R. before r longer, apex of R: beyond r 
long and almost straight; cell /st M. roughly oval in outline, the basal deflection 
of Mi.» being shorter than the deflection of M3,4; My.. between r-m and m long, 
evenly and gently arcuated; petiole of cell , shorter than m; m-cu short but 
evident. 


Abdomen broken beyond the base, the first tergite brown, narrowly margined 
caudally with yellow; base of the abdomen filled with large eggs. 

Habitat.—British East Africa. 

Holotype.—%, Southeastern slopes of Mt. Kenya, altitude 6,000—7,000 
feet, February 3-12, 1911, (S. A. Neave): B.M. No. 1912-70. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

Tipula masai is told from the related 7. jocosa and T. silinda by the ditf- 
ferent pattern of the posterior sclerites of the mesonotum. From jocosa it is 
also readily told by the yellow antenne and very distinct venation. The 
coloration of the mesonotal postnotum is sufficient to distinguish 7. silinda 
from 7. masai. The three species here mentioned form a group of rather closely- 
related forms that are readily told by their peculiar thoracic pattern and yellow- 
knobbed halteres. 


Tipula bartletti, sp. n. 


General coloration reddish brown, the prescutal stripes nearly concolorous, 
narrowly margined with dark brown; scutellum and postnotum largely brown; 
a small, brown spot on the sides of the praescutum and on the lateral sclerites 
of the postnotum; wings brownish yellow, the costal region darker; fusion of 
M; and Cu; punctiform. 

Sex?—Wing about 25 mm. Hind leg, femur 16.1 mm.; tibia 16.5 mm. 

Head destroyed by pests. 

Pronotum yellow, indistinctly infuscated on the sides. 

Mesonotal prascutum reddish brown with four almost concolorous stripes 
that are narrowly margined with dark brown; median stripe narrowly split by 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ileal 


a capillary dark brown line; interspaces dark; lateral margins obscure yellow; 
a small, brown spot on the lateral margin opposite the anterior end of the lateral 
stripes; scutal lobes brown; scutellum brown, the lateral wings paler; postnotum 
with the median sclerite largely uniform brown, the lateral margins narrowly, 
the posterior margin more broadly, pale; lateral sclerites of postnotum with an 
ill-defined brown spot near the centre. Pleura obscure unicolorous yellow. 
Halteres broken. Legs with the coxe and trochanters obscure vellow; femora _ 
light brown, the tips rather narrowly blackened; tibiz brown, the tips narrowly 
and indistinctly darkened; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong brownish 
yellow tinge, the costal and subcostal cells more saturated; basal deflection 
of Rs; and r-m indistinctly seamed with darker; Cu and its branches likewise 
seamed with darker; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs shorter than Ro2,;; 
petiole of cell M; a little longer than m; fusion of M; and Cm very slight. 


Abdomen reddish brown, the tergites with indistinct lateral stripes; apex 
of the abdomen broken. 


Habitat.—Madagascar. 

Holotype.—Sex?, Ekongo, South-western Madagascar, (E. Bartlett) B. M. 
No. 78-58. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Tipula victoria, sp. n. 


Closely allied to 7. zambesiensis; size larger, wing over 19 mm.; ninth 
tergite of the male hypopygium produced caudad into a short, broad, median 
lobe whose posterior margin is gently concave, the lateral lobes neither con- 
spicuous nor divergent. 

Male.—Length 20-21 mm.; wing 19.5 mm. 

Female.—Length about 21 mm.; wing 19.5 mm. 

Generally similar to 7. zambeziensis Alexander, differing as follows: Size 
larger; brown seams along the deflection of R:,; and r-m more extensive and 
distinct; stigma dark brown. In the allotype veins M; and Cm are fused for a 
considerable space, but in the type male this fusion is punctiform. The female 
has a rounded dark brown spot on the lateral margin of the preescutum, but 
otherwise the mesonotum is quite unmarked with darker as in this group of 
species. The wings of the female are darker than those of the male, with a 
large obliterative area before and a somewhat smaller spot beyond the stigma. 
Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite extensive, the median area produced 
caudad into a short, broad, depressed or slightly hollowed-out lobe whose 
posterior margin is rather deeply concave, the lateral lobes short and not divergent 
as in 7. zambeziensis. Ninth sternite profoundly incised medially as in the 
zambeziensis group of species, the notch extending almost to the eighth sternite; 
at the base of this notch are two parallel pencils of stiff, erect bristles, directed 
caudad; in zambeziensis these bristles are less conspicuous and tend to be decus- 
sate apically. 

The female is considerably darker than the male, but for the time being, 
at least, must be considered as belonging to this same species. 

Habitat.—Uganda. 

Holotype-—, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 3,500-3,800 feet, July 
16-25, 1911, (S. A. Neave). B. M. No. 1913-140. 


152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Allotopotype.— 2. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 
Tipula milanjensis, sp. n. 

Allied to T. zambeziensis; general coloration bright orange-yellow; thorax 
unmarked with darker; abdomen with a narrow, blackish subterminal ring; 
antenne of male moderately elongated; wings nearly hyaline, iridescent, stigma 
dark brown. ; 

Male.—Length about 20 mm.; wing 19.3 mm. 

Hind leg, femur 13.8 mm.; tibia 15 mm.; metatarsus about 24 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of head moderately long, orange-yellow; nasus long; 
mouth-parts and palpi obscure vellow. Antennz rather long, if bent backward, 
extending about to the base of the halteres; scape orange; flagellum light brown, 
the distal segments darker brown; segments elongate-cylindrical, the verticils 
about as long as the segments that bear them. Head orange yellow. 

Mesonotum orange-yellow without distinct darker markings; scutellum and 
postnotum paler yellow. Pleura yellow. Halteres brownish yellow, the knobs 
dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters light orange-yellow; femora 
pale brown, the bases still paler, the tips rather broadly blackened; tibice dark 
brown, the tips narrowly and indistinctly blackened; tarsi dark brownish black; 
tarsi very long and slender; claws toothed. Wings nearly hyaline, iridescent, 
the subcostal cell slightly darker; stigma dark brown, conspicuous; an indistinct 
brown cloud at the deflection of Ri,; and 7-m, and another at the wing-margin 
at the end of vein Cu. Venation: Rs short, almost straight; fusion of M3 and 
Cit, slight. 

Abdominal tergites brownish orange, the basal tergites bright orange, seg- 
ments three to six brownish orange; a narrow, subterminal black ring, including 
most of segment seven and segment eight with the exception of a narrow, orange- 
brown caudal margin; hypopygium brownish orange. Male hypopygium with 
the sclerites fused into a continuous ring as in this group of species. Ninth 
tergite extensive, the median area produced caudad into a broad, flattened lobe, 
the caudal margin of which is provided with a low,U-shaped notch, the lateral 
lobes and margin quite unarmed with spinules. Outer pleural appendage 
rather narrow, tapering to the subacute tip, pale, the surface covered with com- 
paratively short sete; inner pleural appendage produced into an inner blade 
that juts toward the ninth tergite, the proximal face covered with numerous 
short hairs; the outer margin is provided with a very powerful black spine and 
a small, apical flattened blade. Ninth sternite with a broad and profound 
median notch, the base of this incision almost coincident with the posterior 
margin of the eighth sternite; base of the notch broad, provided with two flat- 
tened sheaths of long, reddish yellow bristles, their tips decussate. Eighth 
sternite unarmed. 

Habitat.—Nyasaland. 

Holotype.—%, Mt. Mlanje, December 28, 1912, (S. A. Neave). 

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee 1913-236. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Tipula hova, sp. n. 
Allied to T. zambeziensis; general coloration bright orange-yellow, the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 153 


thorax unmarked with darker; male hypopygium with the median lobe of the 
ninth tergite short, the caudal margin with a broad, U-shaped notch. 

Male.—Length 22 mm.; wing 21.5 mm. Hind leg, femur 12.1 mm.; tibia 
14.6 mm. | 

Female.—-Length 26 mm.; wing 18.5 mm. 

Head and frontal prolongation clear light yellow; rostrum and palpi pale 
brown. Antenne with the scape yellow; flagellum light brown, the basal swell- 
ings indistinctly paler, brownish yellow. 

Mesonotum orange-yellow, the preescutum and scutum with the usual three 
stripes lacking or barely indicated; scutellum and postnotum clearer yellow, 
unmarked. Pleura clear orange-yellow, unmarked. Halteres light brown, 
the base of the stem narrowly light yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters 
orange-yellow; femora yellowish brown, the tips broadly blackened; tibia light 
brown, the tips scarcely darkened; tarsi brown; claws toothed. Wings brownish 
subhyaline, cell C more yellowish, cell Sc more brownish; stigma brown; very 
indistinct seams along r-m and the basal deflection of Ci; veins dark brown. 
Venation: as in the subgenus; fusion of M3 and Cu; punctiform. 

Abdomen with the basal tergites orange-yellow, the basal third of the in- 
termediate segments paler yellow and destitute of pubescence; segments six to 
nine more yellowish brown; a conspicuous, interrupted, brown, lateral stripe 
on tergites two to four. In the female, the dark lateral stripe is more extensive. 
Maiehypopygium as in thezambeziensis group but rather more enlarged than usual. 
Ninth tergite with the median lobe short, the caudal margin with a broad and 
deep U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes rather slender, lying subparallel; viewed 
from the side, appearing as conspicuous flattened blades. Outer pleural ap- 
pendage pale yellow, elongate-oval, the apex obtusely rounded, the outer face 
of the lobe with sparse bristles, longer and fringe-like at the apex. Inner pleural 
appendage moderately complicated in structure, consisting of an inner blade 
that juts against the ninth tergite, the proximal face densely clothed with long, 
yellow hairs, and an outer blade that bears a somewhat oval area of about a 
score of erect, black, spinous bristles; between these two blades lies a slightly 
curved, cylindrical arm with the apex truncated and heavily chitinized. Ninth 
sterno-pleurite with a broad and very deep V-shaped median notch that is 
deeper than in any other species of this group so far made known, the base 
lying underneath the caudal margin of the eighth sternite; beneath this profound 
incision is a membranous tissue, at about mid-length of the split with two 
contiguous flattened lobes, each fringed with a sheath of reddish bristles that 
are directed caudad, these longest proximally, decreasing in length outwardly. 
Ovipositor with the tergal valves very slender, straight; sternal valves com- 
pressed, the tips obtuse. 

Habitat.—Madagascar. 

Holotype—o, (W. D. Cowan). B.M. No. 80-45. 

Allotype.— 2, Region south-east of Fort Dauphin, December, 1900, (Ch. 
Alluaud). 

Paratopotype.— &. 

Paratypes.—o, Ambohimitombo Forest, November, 1894, (Dr. Forsyth- 
Major); &, Tamatave, 1906, (A. Sauzier). B. M. Nos. 98-46, 1906-291; 6 
o 9’s, Forét e d’Andrangoloaka, Imerina, 1891, (A. Grandidier). 


154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History); allotype 
in the collection of the Paris Museum. 

The specific name, ova, is that of the natives inhabiting the central provinces 
of Madagascar. 


Tipula meliuscula, sp. n. 


Antenal scape yellow, flagellum indistinctly bicolorous; head cinnamon- 
brown with a conspicuous, dark brown, median stripe; prescutum brown with 
four obscure yellow stripes; remainder of the mesonotum dark brown and 
yellowish; pleura obscure yellow, a brown spot between the fore and middle 
coxe; wings grayish subhyaline, the deflection of Cu, conspicuously seamed 
with dark brown; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite short, the caudal 
margin with two widely-separated rounded protuberances. 


Male.—Length 15 mm.; wing 17 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown above, more yellowish on 
the ventral half; palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scape yellow; flagellum 
brown, the basal enlargement of each segment dark brown, the remainder 
slightly paler; the first scapal segment bears numerous rather short bristles on 
the outer face and a group of three larger bristles on the inner face, arranged in 
a transverse row before the tip; flagellar verticils elongate. Head rich cinna- 
mon-brown, the vertex and occiput with a conspicuous, dark brown median 
stripe. | . 

Pronotum obscure brownish yellow, darker brown on the sides. Meso- 
notal prescutum brown with four narrow, obscure brownish yellow stripes 
that are margined with darker brown; lateral margins of the sclerite in front of 
the pseudosutural foveee narrowly blackened; scutal lobes brownish’ black, the 
centres indistinctly yellowish; scutellum pale testaceous, the posterior margin 
weakly infuscated; lateral wings of the scutellum brownish black; postnotum 
with the median sclerite largely dark brown, the posterior third, a median blotch 
near the base and the lateral margins pale; lateral lobes of the postnotum brownish 
black, the ventro-cephalic portion yellowish. Pleura obscure yellow with a 
brown spot near the dorsal margin of the mesosternum immediately behind the 
fore coxa; mesepisternum slightly infuscated. Halteres dark brown, the extreme 
base conspicuously yellowish orange. Legs with the coxe obscure yellow, the 
outer faces of the fore and middle coxe slightly infuscated; trochanters yellow; 
remainder of the legs broken. Wings grayish subhyaline; cell C light yellow, 
cell Sc pale brown; a brown spot before the arculus; stigma narrow, dark brown; 
conspicuous brown seams at the deflection of Ra; and r-m and along the de- 
flection of Cu; obliterative areas before the stigma in cell /s¢ R; and beyond the 
stigma in the base of cell Ry. Venation: Rs short, straight, about equal to 
R»,3; petiole of cell MM, a little shorter than m; fusion of Ms; and Cu; short. 

Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, the basal segments brightest, the 
lateral margins of the tergites narrowly dark brown; sternites generally similar 
to the tergites. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite short, the caudal 
margin with two rounded protuberances that are widely separated, the space 
between appearing as a broad, U-shaped notch; these protuberances are minutely 
roughened. The outer pleural appendage is small and slender, provided with 
long hairs; inner pleural appendage with the caudal basal angle produced caudad 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 15! 


Jt 
we | 


into a flattened spatulate blade whose apical portion is very thin, narrowly 
blackened and minutely denticulate. 
Habitat.—Sierra Leone. 
Holotype.—o, November, 1904, (Major F. Smith). B.M. No. 1904-347. 
Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Tipula alphaspis nyasz, subsp. n. 

Female.—Length about 30 mm.; wing 25.4—26 mm. 

Closely related to typical alphas pis Speiser (East Africa) differing as follows: 

Mesonotal praescutum light yellow, the three stripes grayish brown, heavily 
margined with dark brown; the broad median stripe split by a median brown 
vitta that becomes obsolete behind; scutal lobes similar to the przescutal stripes, 
heavily margined with dark brown; scutellum yellow, the lateral wings dark 
brown; postnotum light yellow with two indistinct brownish lines near the 
sides of the median sclerite; typical alphaspis has this sclerite brown with an 
orange-yellow median line. Pleura bright yellow. The ovipositor with the 
valves long and straight, the tergal valves very slender, the sternal valves more 
compressed. The claws of the female are simple as in this sex of the present 
group of species. 

Habitat.—N yasaland. 

Holotype-— 2, Mt. Mlanje, January 1, 1913, (S. A. Neave). 

Paratopotype-— @, January 28, 1913; a broken 9, bred from the pupa, 
November 6, 1913. 

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee 1913-236; Imperial 
Bureau of Entomology 1915-58. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Tipula leonensis, sp. n. 


Size large (wing of male over 25 mm.); generally similar to 7. gaboonensis 
but smaller; mesonotum with dark brown spots on the sides of the prascutum 
and postnotum; abdominal segments dark brown, the intermediate tergites 
with yellowish basal areas on the sides; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite 
produced into a median lobe which is shallowly notched medially. 

Male.—Length 23 mm.; wing 26.5 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head light orange; mouth-parts and palpi dark 
brown; tips of the latter broken. Antenne with the scapal segments bright 
orange; flagellum dark brown; antennae short; flagellar segments with very 
long, conspicuous bristles. Head orange, the vertex narrowed between the 
large eves. 

Mesonotal prascutum obscure yellow with four dark brown _ stripes, 
intermediate pair narrowly separated from one another by a capillary line; 
lateral stripes broad; on the sides of the prasscutum opposite the anterior ends 
of the lateral stripes, a large, rounded dark brown spot; scutum yellow, each 
lobe with two confluent, dark brown spots on the anterior proximal half; 
scutellum dark; postnotum dark brown, the lateral sclerites obscure yellowish, 
the centres with a very large, rounded brown area. Pleura yellow. Halteres 
dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dull yellow; femora and 
tibiz brown, the tips scarcely darkened; tarsi long, dark brown; claws of the 


156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


male toothed. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, costal cell more yellowish, 
subcostal cell dark brown; stigma elongate, dark brown; narrow brown seams 
along r-m and the deflection of R:,; and another along the basal deflection of 
Cu,; a brown spot at the region of the arculus. | Venation about as in other 
members of this characteristic group of species; Rs short, about equal to R2; 
cell Ry. very narrow, its inner end pointed; cells /st Mz and M, large; petiole of 
cell M4, short, subequal to m; fusion of M3 and Cu; about one-half of r-m. 


Abdomen discoloured; apparently dark brown, the lateral basal portions 
of tergites two to five yellowish; tergites six to eight uniformly dark; sternites 
somewhat similar; hypopygium yellowish. Male hypopygium with the ninth 
tergite produced medially into a broad lobe, the apex of which is provided with 
a rather small, V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes inconspicuous: the apex of this 
median lobe is broadly blackened and the entire tergite, except the base, is 
covered with numerous, subappressed, yellowish hairs; viewed laterally, each 
lateral lobe is seen to be produced ventrad into a minute blackened tooth. 
Outer pleural appendage broadly circular in outline, pale, a little darker near the 
base, the surface covered with a dense, appressed, silken pubescence of a yellow 
colour and a lessser number of coarse, black hairs. Inner pleural appendage 
not jutting conspicuously caudad as in 7. gaboonensis. Ninth sternite narrowly 
but profoundly incised on the median line, near the dorsal proximal angle with 
numerous long reddish sete. Eighth sternite unarmed. 

Habitat.—Sierra Leone. 

Holotype.—o', collected by W. G. Clements, No. 93-20. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

Tipula leonensis is closest to T. gaboonensis Alexander (Gaboon to Southern 
Nigeria) but differs sufficiently in the smaller size, the different pattern of the 
thorax, such as the increased size of the lateral spots on the prescutum and 
postnotum, and, especially, the structure of the male hypopygium. 


Tipula ellioti, sp. n. 


General coloration orange-yellow, the prasscutum and scutum with grayish 
brown stripes that are narrowly margined with still darker brown; a small 
brown spot on the lateral margin of the prascutum; abdomen yellow and black; 
male hypopygium with the median lobe of the tergite very broad, depressed, 
the caudal margin gently concave; pleural appendage very complicated in 
structure. 

Male.—Length 20 mm.; wing 22 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head moderately elongate, orange-yellow, the 
nasus slender; mouth-parts and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scape 
yellow, the flagellum brownish black. Head orange-yellow. 

Thorax orange-yellow, the mesonotal praescutum with three dark grayish 
brown stripes that are narrowly marginal with still darker velvety-brownish 
black; anterior half of the median stripe split by a blackish line; a very small, 
rounded brown spot on the sides of the prasscutum opposite the anterior ends of 
the lateral stripes; sides of the pronotum with an indistinct darker spot; scutal 
lobes grayish brown margined with darker, the median area broadly yellow; 
scutellum yellow, the lateral portions darker; the juncture between the scutellum 
and lateral sclerites of the postnotum dark brownish black; postnotum yellowish 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 157 


with a pale brown blotch on either side of the median sclerite, the lateral sclerites 
unmarked. Pleura orange-yellow. Halteres brown, the base of the stem 
yellowish. Legs with the coxe orange, the outer face of the fore coxe slightly 
infuscated; trochanters orange; remainder of the legs broken. Wings with a 
grayish tinge, cell C faintly yellowish, cell Sc more strongly so; stigma brown; 
a brown seam along the basal deflection of Cu; veins dark brown. Venation: 
Rs almost straight, much longer than Ro,; and not in alignment with it; petiole 
of cell A, a little shorter than m; fusion of M3; and Cu; punctiform. 

Abdomen with the basal tergites narrowly blackish laterally, less dis- 
tinctly darkened medially; fourth to sixth tergites brownish yellow, the lateral 
margins broadly black except at the base, the median area with an elongate 
black triangle with the point directed backwards; seventh and eighth tergites 
black; hypopygium reddish yellow; sternites uniformly yellowish, the seventh 
sternite with the posterior lateral angles blackened; eighth sternite medially at 
the base and laterally at the outer angles, blackened. Male hypopygium with 
the sclerites fused into a continuous ring as in the subgenus; median !obe of the 
tergite very broad, depressed, the caudal margin gently concave and set with 
numerous small blackened spicules; the sides of this lobe are provided with long 
yellowish bristles that are longest at the posterior lateral angles of the tergite. 
Pleural suture well indicated beneath; pleural appendages united into a single 
highly-complicated structure; what seems to correspond to the outer pleural 
appendage is a bifid lobe with the arms densely hairy; the inner appendage is 
produced into an outer chitinized spine, and intermediate flattened blade and 
an inner powerful compressed arm that juts toward the ninth tergite and corres- 
ponds to this inner blade in less specialized species; the inner face of this blade 
is covered with numerous, short bristles; the cephalic apex is rounded. Ninth 
sternite with only a shallow median notch, the remainder of the median area 
being filled with a pale membrane; proximo-caudal angles with a coarse pencil 
of reddish bristles that are decussate across the median line. Eighth sternite 
unarmed. 

Habitat.—Uganda. 

Holotype-—o&, Salt Lake to Wawamba (G. F. Scott Elliot) No. 95-41, 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

Tipula ellioti bears a general resemblance to T. kenia, but is a very dif- 
ferent fly. It is named in honour of its collector, the distinguished Botanist, 
Dr. G. F. Scott Elliot. 


Tipula kenia, sp. n. 

General coloration orange-yellow, the mesonotal praescutum with three 
broad, shiny black stripes; scutal lobes largely black; male hypopygium with 
the median lobe of the tergite short and with a small, rounded median notch. 

Male.—Length about 15 mm.; wing 17.2 mm. Hing leg, femur 11.5 mm. ; 
tibia 13.5 mm. 

Female.—Length about 20 mm.; wing 18.8 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head obscure yellow, moderately long; palpi 
dark brown. Antennz with the scapal segments obscure yellow, the flagellum 
broken. Head orange-yellow. 

Pronotum orange-yellow. Mesonotal prascutum yellow with three con- 


158 “THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


spicuous, shiny black stripes, the lateral stripes anteriorly subcontiguous with 
the median stripe; scutum yellow, the lobes largely shiny black; scutellum and 
postnotum light yellow. Pleura yellow; an obscure brownish area beneath 
the wing-root and surrounding the base of the halteres; mesosternum faintly 
brownish. Halteres long and slender, dark brown. Legs with the cox and 
trochanters reddish yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips black; tibize brown, 
the tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a grayish yellow 
tinge, the costal cell light yellow, the subcostal cell a little darker; stigma elongate, 
medium brown; veins dark brown. Venation as in the subgenus; m-cw present. 


Abdomen with the basal tergites yellowish, longitudinally striped medially 
and less distinctly laterally with jet-black, these three lines narrowly connected 
across the caudal margin of the segments; segment five largely black, the tergite 
narrowly, the sternite more broadly, reddish at the base; segments six and seven 
black, excepting the extreme base; segment eight reddish, the tergite darker 
laterally and with a narrow, clear-cut median line, the sternite broadly darkened 
laterally and medially; hypopygium bright orange. Male hypopygium with 
the sclerites fused into a continuous ring; tergal region very narrow, the median 
area slightly produced caudad and with a rounded median notch, the blunt 
lateral lobes thus formed directed slightly proximad and densely set with short, 
blackened spinules. Outer pleural appendage rather narrow, narrowed at the 
base and apex, the latter bluntly rounded, the outer. face of the appendage 
sparsely provided with moderately long bristles; inner pleural appendage 
moderately complicated in structure, divided into two arms, the cephalic arm 
compressed into a blade, the posterior arm more slender. Ninth sternite with 
a deep median incision filled with membranous tissue, the caudal proximal 
angles provided with a brush of long hairs. Eighth sternite unarmed. 


Habitat.—East Africa. 

Holotype.—o, South-eastern Slopes of Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, 
altitude 6,000—7,000 feet, February 3-12, 1911, (S. A. Neave). 

Allotype—9, Mt. Rungwe, near New Langenburg, ex-German East 
Africa, altitude 5,000—6,000 feet, November 18-21, 1910, (S. A. Neave). 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

The female that is referred to this species has the antennal flagellum black; 
the median prescutal stripe narrowly split behind by a capillary pale line; the 
subterminal abdominal segments are narrowly ringed basally with obscure 
yellowish; seventh tergite yellow, narrowly but conspicuously margined laterally 
and caudally with black; ovipositor with the tergal valves very slender and 
divergent as in this group of species, the sternal valves much shorter and com- 
pressed. 


Tipula neavei, sp. n. 

Head orange; general coloration deep velvety-black, including the post- 
notum; sides of the scutellum and a large circular area surrounding the base 
of the halteres pale yellow; legs brownish black; wings subhyaline, the costal 
and subcostal cells scarcely darkened. 

Female.—Wing 16.2 mm. Middle leg, femur 10.5 mm.; tibia 10.8 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head light orange, nasus slender, with long 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 159 


black hairs; mouth-parts and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scape orange; 
flagellum dark brownish black; flagellar segments slender, elongate-cylindrical, 
with long verticils. Head orange; vertex between the eyes more brownish. 
Pronotal scutum dark brownish black: scutellum paler. Mesonotum deep 
velvety black, the prascutum narrowly margined anteriorly with pale yellow; 
lateral wings of the scutellum whitish. Mesonotum covered with an abundant, 
short, subappressed pubescence. Pleura deep black, the dorso-pleural mem- 
brane buffy-yellow; a large, circular, pale yellow area surrounding the base of 
the halteres. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem narrowly pale. Legs 
with the outer faces of the coxe blackened; trochanters yellowish testaceous; 
femora dark brownish black, paler basally; tibia brown, the tips darker; tarsi 
brownish black. Wings subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells scarcely 
brighter; stigma elongate, brown; veins dark brownish black, slender but clearly 
defined; an obliterative area before the stigma, continued across the basal 
deflection of M,,. and the outer deflection of M3. Venation: Rs moderately 
long, slightly arcuated at origin, a little shorter than R»,3;; deflection of Ri; 
and r-m in alignment; m-cu obliterated, by the very short fusion of MW; and Cu. 


Abdomen broken, only the terminal six segments preserved, the fourth 
to seventh deep velvety-black, the eighth and ninth reddish horn colour. Ovi- 
positor with the tergal valves slender, curved slightly ventrad; sternal valves 
much shorter, the apices obtusely rounded. 

Habitat.—Uganda. 

Holotype.— 9 , Ankole-Toro Boider. east of Lake George, altitude 4,500 
feet, October 20-21, 1911, (S. A. Neave). 

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915-57. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 

The opaque black mesonotum without markings and clothed with an 
abundant, nearly appressed pubescence, gives this handsome fly a very character- 
istic appearance. 


Tipula ruwenzori, sp. n. 


General coloration black; head orange-red; mesonotal praescutum shiny 
yellow with three very broad, black stripes; postnotum light yellow; abdomen 
brownish black. 

Female.—Length 18 mm.; wing 16.8 mm. Fore leg, femur 9.8 mm.; tibia 
11.4 mm. Hind leg, femur 11.1 mm.; tibia 12.8 mm. 

Somewhat similar to 7. neavet but readily distinguished as follows: Antenne 
shorter. Mesonotal prescutum shiny yellow with three broad, shiny black 
stripes, only the narrow interspaces and the humeral and lateral margins being 
of the ground colour; scutum and scutellum entirely black; postnotum with 
the median sclerite conspicuously light yellow, the extreme caudal margin 
narrowly darkened. Pleura entirely dark brown, the mesepimeron with an 
indistinct yellowish cast. Wings slightly more brownish, especially the costal 
and subcostal cells; veins with short but conspicuous macrotrichiz. \Venation: 
section of vein .,.. between r-m and m strongly arcuated; petiole of cell Mi 
about equal to m; fusion of M; and Cu; very slight, less than one-half r-m. 

Abdomen dark brownish black, without definite marks of paler, the genital 
segment and ovipositor reddish horn-colour. 


160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Habitat.—Uganda. 

Holotype.— 2°, Mt. Kokanjero, Southwest of Elgon, altitude 6,400 feet, 
August 9, 1911, (S. A. Neave). B.M. No. 1913-140. , 

Paratype-— 2, Ruwenzori, altitude 6,000-8,000 feet, December (G. F. 
Scott Elliott). B.M. No. 95-41. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 


Tipula ruwenzori ankolensis, subsp. n. 

Very close to the typical variety described above, differing as follows: 
Vertex with a conspicuous brown mark adjoining the inner margin of the eye; 
mesonotal prescutum almost entirely black, the yellow interspaces being greatly 
reduced or obliterated; postnotum with a large brownish spot on either side 
near the caudal margin; a yellowish spot on the dorsal portion of the mesosternum 
between the fore and middle coxe. Abdominal sternites two to four with a 
large, obscure orange blotch, not evident in the paratype. 

Habitat.—Uganda. 

Holotype-—°, Western Ankole, altitude 4,500—5,000 feet, October 10-14, 
1911, (S. A. Neave). 

Paratopotype.— 9°. 

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). 





DR. ‘W. "J. HOLLAND ON “THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.” 


At the meeting of the Entomological Society of America, held at St. Louis, 
Mo., on the 30th of December, 1919, Dr. W. J. Holland, Director of the Carnegie 
Museum, Pittsburg, Pa., delivered the annual address. His subject was ‘‘The 
Development of Entomology in North America.’’ At the close of his interesting 
address, he thus referred to the “Canadian Entomologist” :— 

“In these times of strife and discord it is a pleasure to recall how fraternal 
have been the relationships which have been maintained by all workers in our 
special field of inquiry. I desire especially to emphasize the cordial relation- 
ships which have been maintained during all these years between students 
living south of the St. Lawrence with those living north of that river. One of 
the best of all the entomological journals on the Continent is the ‘‘Canadian 
Entomologist.’’ As it is one of the oldest, so it is one of the best-sustained 
publications of its kind. ‘‘The Entomological Society of Ontario”’ is a splendid 
organization, in which most of the leading workers within the United States 
have felt it an honor to have membership. For all practical purposes the ento- 
mologists of British North America and the United States form one united 
brotherhood. Behold how good and pleasant it is for us thus to dwell together 
in unity! May I not express the hope that the friendly relationship which has 
so ong been maintained among us may remain indissoluble, and the same spirit 
which has prevailed between these two great bodies of workers in the New 
World may extend to all brotherhoods of other nations, and that through our 
scientific friendships we all may help to bring in the reign of universal peace, 
the thought of which is dominant among us and is emphasized by the anni- 
versary of the birth of The Prince of Peace, which we have just 


celebrated.”’ 


me oh 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 161 


NEW. SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA. 


BY J. MCDUNNOUGH. 
Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. 


NoOcTUID2. 


Agrotine. 
Euxoa scholastica, sp. nov. 

Male antennz shortly serrate and fasciculate. Palpi, head, thorax and 
primaries brown, more or less suffused with pale ochreous, especially the palpi, 
head, bases of tegulz and patagia and basal portion of primaries: a partial black 
line across the front and a better defined one crossing the middle section of the 
collar. Maculation of primaries very similar to that of messoria Harr. but 
better defined; basal and t. a. lines black, geminate, filled with ochreous, the 
latter upright, consisting of five scallops: orbicular an even, small oval, out- 
lined with black and filled with ochreous: reniform edged with pale ochreous, 
especially prominent on outer margin, and filled with a shade corresponding 
to general colour of wing; median shade fairly distinct, bent outward along 
lower edge of reniform and then parallel to t. p. line; t. p. line dentate, geminate, 
black, inner line most prominent, ochreous filled, scarcely bent in below cell; 
s. t. line irregular, pale, defined inwardly by dark shades; a broken dark terminal 
border. Secondaries in both sexes smoky brown, slightly paler in basal half with 
distinct discal dot. Beneath primaries smoky, paler ochreous along costal and 
inner margins, with traces of postmedian line, well marked on costa, and a small 
discal dot; fringes concolorous; secondaries whitish, sprinkled with smoky 
along costa with broad bent postmedian line and dark discal dot, fringes pale, 
terminal broken dark line on both wings. Expanse 35 mm. 


Holotype—1 <, Meach Lake, Que., July 24, (C. H. Young) in National 
Collection, Ottawa. 


Allotype—l1 9, Ottawa, Ont., Aug., 1904, (A. Gibson) in National Col- 
lection, Ottawa. 


Paratype—1 ao’, Trenton, Ont., July 25, (J. D. Evans) in National Col- 
lection, Ottawa. 


The species has been generally confused with messoria but may be most 
readily separated by the darker colour of the secondaries and the evenly oval, 
pale filled orbicular. The & genitalia of the two species, of which figures are 
given, are closely related; in messoria however there is a certain amount of 
asymmetry between the bifid harpes, the outer branch of the left side being 
distinctly shorter and chunkier than the corresponding one on the right side; 
in the new species these are longer and subequal. The inner branch of the 
harpe in messoria is smooth with a few stray bristles whilst in scholastica the 
distal half is thickly covered with a clothing of fine short hairs. The most 
marked difference is in the aedoeagus as may be seen by a reference to the 
figures. The species appears to be widespread in the east but rather rare; 
specimens from New Brighton, Pa., are in the Barnes Collection and were 





Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. 
June, 1920 


162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


separated out several years ago, but not described as the material was scanty 
and not in the best of condition. The exact position of the species is doubtful, 
and it may be that it fits in better in the pestula group than with messoria. 


Cuculliine. 
Feralia columbiana, Sm. 


This species was described (1903, Can. Ent., XX XV, 9) from two males, 
one from New Westminster, B.C., (Fletcher), the other labelled North West 
Territories from Dr. R. Ottolengui. The first mentioned specimen, which is in 
the collection of the U. S. National Museum, must be considered to be the type. 
It was originally associated by Dr. Smith with comstocki Grt.,and has the same 
type of secondaries with pale shadings at base and along outer margin. On 
this account, after an examination of the type, it was listed in the Barnes and 
McDunnough Check List as a race of comstocki, although it may quite probably 
prove to be a good species. The cotype from the Ottolengui collection recently 
came into the possession of Dr. Wm. Barnes, of Decatur, Ill., and at the time 
struck me as being distinct specifically from columbiana as typified by the 
Washington specimen; the almost entirely dark secondaries pointing, to my 
mind, to a close relation with jocosa Gn. Specimens of both forms exist in the 
Ottawa collection, and I have prepared slides of the male genitalia and find my 
suspicions that two species were involved verified. The following description 
of the new species is therefore offered. 


Feralia deceptiva, sp. nov. 


Male antenne orange: palpi deep black; front pale greenish, shaded at 
vertex with black: thoracic vestiture pale green marked with black at base of 
tegule and along upper margin of patagia; two anterior and two posterior black 
patches on mesothorax;a black patch on lower edge of patagia: metathorax with 
black tufts; abdomen blackish with apical segment tufted with ochreous; pectus 
and venter black; legs with femur covered with long greenish hairs: tibice black, 
spotted with green and with green hair tufts along outer margin. Primaries 
blue-green, similar in shade to jocosa, crossed by heavy black lines which are 
white-bordered; costa and cubitus to end of cell white; basal line black, edged 
inwardly by white, more or less joined to t. a. line along costa and inner margin, 
enclosing an irregular, green, kidney-shaped patch; t.a. line heavy, black, 
bordered outwardly with white, with strong outward. scallop below cubitus, 
bent back to near base of wing at inner margin; median shade black, touching 
outer edge of orbicular, then bent back to near t. a. line and forming an out- 
ward tooth on anal vein: orbicular oval, edged with black, then with white and 
filled with green; below it an indistinct wedge-shaped mark indicates the clavi- 
form; reniform broad, open above and below, laterally outlined with black and 
white, with two black streaks extending from apex and base of outer margin 
half-way to t. p. line; above reniform on costa three black dots separated by 
white; t.p. line arising from a diffuse black costal shade, strongly bent inwards. 
and dentate below cell, black, bordered inwardly with white, joined to anal 
angle by an oblique black streak: small terminal row of black dots: fringes 
checkered black and white. Secondaries almost wholly black-brown with 


—— 


Can. Enr. Voi. LII PLATE IV. 





Male genitalia of (1) Feralia columbiana Sm.; (2) F. deceptwa McD.; (3) Euxoa scholastica 
McD.:; (4) E. missoria Harr.; (5) Orthonama evansi McD.; (6) O. obsitpata Fabr. 


164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 














faint pale shading at anal angle. Beneath black-brown shaded with pal 
greenish with an even broad, green, marginal band on primaries and a narrowe 
irregular one on secondaries: primaries with traces of the dark lines of uppe 
side: secondaries with large discal dot and faint median and postmedian lines 
fringes as above. Expanse 42 mm. 


Holotype—1 &, Vancouver, B.C., April 22, (Bush) in National Collection, 
Ottawa. 


Paratype—1 <&, Vancouver, B.C., April 16, in same collection. 


Genitalically deceptiva is so close to the eastern jocosa as to almost warran 
it being treated as a geographical race; on account of certain small differences 
in the uncus, combined with the much greater size of the insect I treat it for the 
present as distinct. 


The species is more robust than coluwmbiana and lacks the suffused dark 
and pale shades in the subterminal area, the secondaries are also, as already 
mentioned, much deeper in colour. The genitalia of the two species are of the 
same general type, but the armature of the aedoeagus at once separates them. 
I doubt whether the generic term Momophana, proposed for comstocki will hold 
as distinct from Feralia: the separation was made by Grote on the size of the 
eyes, but this appears to vary in individual specimens of a single species: at 
all events columbiana seems not out of place in Feralia on genitalic charac- 
ters. I have, however, at the present time no males of comstocki for examina- 
tion and must, therefore, leave the question of its generic position, as well as 


its relation to columbiana, open. 
GEOMETRIDE. j 

Larentiine. 

Orthonama evansi, sp. nov. 
Male antenne rather lengthily ciliate: palpi, head and thorax light ochreous | 
sprinkled with rusty brown: abdomen ochreous with a double dorsal row of 
: 


black dots. Primaries light ochreous with veins outlined in rusty brown, — 
especially prominent in subterminal area: a broad band of purplish gray crosses © 
the middle of the wing, broadest at costa, where it is bent somewhat outward; — 
the inner edge is formed by an upright brown line, the outer edge is bordered 
by a similar line, strongly outcurved at costa and then somewhat inwardly — 
oblique and very faintly crenulate to inner margin: a discal spot surrounded by — 
a somewhat paler shade is situated near the inner edge. Between this median ; 
band and the base of wing are some half-dozen waved rusty-brown upright lines, | 
the most prominent, representing the t.a. line, being geminate, white-filled 

and with strong outward tooth below cubitus. Beyond the median band the ~ 
pale subterminal area is crossed by two crenulate brown lines, arising from a 

diffuse costal shade of similar colour and in course parallel to the outer margin ~ 
of the band; t. p. line geminate, inner line deep brown, outer lighter, white- 

filled, crenulate, parallel to the preceding lines, followed by a rusty-brown 

shade, most conspicuous opposite cell, this shade being bordered outwardly — 
by a crenulate brown s. t. line: terminal space shaded with light-gray with — 
geminate black terminal points and a dark brown oblique apical dash extending — 
from apex of wing to the brown subterminal shade. Secondaries pale with © 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 165 


distinct bent, smoky, median line preceded by small discal dot; a crenulate 
geminate t.p. line. Fringes on both wings rusty-brown in basal half, paler 
outwardly. Peneath pale with distinct discal dots on all wings and the extra- 
cellular maculation of the upper side repeated very distinctly, the median 
band being however absent. Expanse 20 mm. 


Holotype—1 0, Trenton, Ont., June 22, (J. D. Evans) in National Col- 
lection, Ottawa. 





Allotype—1 @, Trenton, Ont., June 15, (J. D. Evans) in National Collec- 


tion, Ottawa. 


Paratypes—l o Hull, Que., June 20, and 19, Trenton, Ont., Aug. 3, 
(Evans) in the same collection. 

The species has been probably confused in collections with obstipata Fabr., 
but can be distinguished by the similarity of colour in the two sexes and by the 
well-defined brown veining in the subterminal area. The genitalia (which are 
figured) are quite distinct from those of obstipata. I take pleasure in naming the 
species after the collector, Mr. J. D. Evans, one of the pioneer entomologists 
of this country, whose collection is now incorporated in the Canadian National 
Collection. 

Geometrinae. 


Melanolophia centralis, sp. nov. 


Very similar to imitata Wlk. in colour and maculation but differing obviously 
in o& genitalia. Primaries heavily sprinkled and shaded with purplish-brown 
over a pale ochreous base. T.a. line deep purple brown, single, with two 
prominent outward bulges, one in the cell, the other below cubital vein: median 
line similar in colour, upright, arising from small costal blotch and with rather 
prominent outward angle on cubitus; t. p. line indistinctly geminate, strongly 
scalloped, the points resting on the veins, bent in below the cell and approached 
to median line on inner margin, bordered outwardly by faint pale line beyond 
which is diffuse dark shading; small ‘discal dot; s. t. line faint, composed of 
series of dark dots, subparallel to outer margin, preceded by faint pale shades, 
most prominent opposite cell and at inner margin: terminal area with faint 
dark shade opposite cell; terminal series of black points: fringes concolorous. 
Secondaries paler with traces of curved median and t. p. lines and distinct 
subterminal row of dots. Beneath pale silky grey with minute discal dots on 
all wings: costa of primaries and line at base of fringes slightly ochreous. Ex- 
panse 40 mm. 


Holotype—1 &, Jemez Spgs. N.M., (Apr. 8-15) in Coll. Barnes. 


Paratypes—6 o’s, 1 9, Glenwood Spgs., Colo., (May) in Coll. Barnes 
and in National Collection, Ottawa. 

The most readily recognizable structural difference between the present 
species and imitata Wlk. is found in the male genitalia: in the latter species 
what may be provisionally termed the harpe is composed of a heavy bunch of 
subequal spines situated at the apex of the sacculus; this is modified in our 
new species to one very long stout spine with a few small ones gathered around 
its base. In connection with a study of the North American Boarmiids I hope 
to publish at a later date figures of the genitalia of this and allied species. 


166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


CANADIAN MYRIOPODS COLLECTED IN 1882-1883 BY J. B. 
TYRRELL, WITH ADDITIONAL RECORDS. 
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Man. 

Among material sent to me for identification from the Canadian Geological 
Survey is a small collection made by J. B. Tyrrell in 1882-1883 which is of much 
interest in containing a new Scytonotus from British Columbia, a new Conotyla 
from Alberta and a new Parajulus. In addition to the forms collected by ‘ 
Tyrrell, some other species collected by F. Johansen in 1917 and 1918, one 
taken by J. A. Salter and one by R. Wells are also here listed. 


CHILOPODA. 
1. Geophilus rubens (Say.) 
One specimen taken at Ottawa June 3, 1882, by Tyrrell. 
2. Lithobius forficatus (Linné.) 
Specimens taken at Ottawa in 1917 and 1918 and on St. Joseph’s Id., 
Ontario, Sept. 3, 1918, by F. Johansen. 


3. Sonibius politus (McNeil.) 
One specimen taken at Ottawa, June 3, 1882, by Tyrrell. 


DIPLOFODA. 
4. Polydesmus serratus (Say.) 
One male taken by R. Wells in 1883 on Gaspé Penninsula, Quebec, ‘“‘in- 
terior,’ and others at Ottawa and Chelsea, summer of 1918, by F. Johansen. 


5. Scytonotus columbianus, sp. nov. 

At once separable from S. bergrotht Chamberlin, known from Bremerton, 
Washington, in its obviously smaller size, which approaches more nearly that 
of S. granulatus Say. As in the latter species the colour is horn brown with a 
tendency toward reddish. The female may be distinguished in having the 
keels of the eighth and ninth segments of normal size or very nearly so, not 
absent or nearly so. The male differs in the details of 
the gonopods, the anterior prong, e. g., in lateral view 
appearing more slender and finely tapered and curv- 
ing much farther beyond the end of the posterior branch, 


—— 





Fig. 16.—Scylonolus columbianus, Fig. 17.—Conotyla alberiana, sp. nov. Gonopods 
sp. nov. Gonopod of male, of male, anterior view. 
right side, ectal view. 


which also differs in details (see fig. 16). Correlated with the normal develop- ; 
June, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 167 


ment of the keels of the eighth and ninth segments of the female, processes from 
the penult segment of legs thirteen to seventeen, etc., as occurring in granulatus, 
are absent or obsolete in the male of the present species. 

Length of male type near 10 mm. The female is larger and more robust. 

Locality.—British Columbia: “Columbia Valley.’” Male type taken by 
Tyrrell Sept. 26, 1883. The two female paratypes were taken by Tyrrell Sept. 
1, 1883, the locality label reading simply ‘‘Swamp, tobacco plain,’ probably in 
or near the Columbia Valley. 


6. Conotyla albertana, sp. nov. 

Light gray brown to light brown of reddish cast, especially above. A 
black stripe along each laterodorsal side across keels and median dorsal longi- 
tudinal black line. Anal tergite dark, valves dusky. Legs light brown or 
fulvous. Antenne all missing. Ocelli in the male type in a subtriangular 
patch, twenty-two in five series: thus, 7, 6, 5, 3, 1. Ocelli of a female paratype 
twenty in four series: thus, 7, 6, 4, 3. Second legs of female with second joint 
strongly thickened distad, protruding on dorsal side distally in a conspicuous 
rounded lobe. In the male the fourth joint of the third, fourth and fifth legs 
with a short cylindrical, distally truncate, lobe beneath near distal end. Sixth 
legs lacking lobes. Legs followed seventh segment also lacking lobes. Anal 
scutum truncate, with the usual sete. Anal valves posteriorly angulate, 
mesally margined. Gonopods of male shown in Fig. 17. 

Locality.—Alberta, Bow River, Sept. 28, 1833, Tyrrell. 

Resembles C. atrolineata Bollman, the tvpes of which came from Glacier, 
B.C., but distinct in the form the gonopods and in the secondary modifications 
of the legs. 


7. Julus caeruleocinctus (Wood.) 
One specimen taken at Ottawa in summer of 1918 by Johansen. 


8. Julus fallax, (Meinert.) 
One male of this European species taken by Johansen at Ottawa in Apr., 
1917, and several males and females at the same place in the summer of 1918. 


9. Parajulus canadensis (Newport.) 
One female taken by Johansen 20 May, 1917, at Meach Lake, Ottawa. 


10. Parajulus venustus (Wood.) 
Two females taken on St. Joseph’s Id., Ontario, by Johansen, Sept. 3, 1918. 


11. Parajulus perditus, sp. nov. 

The type, a female, is an exceptionally dark form. Each ordinary segment 
has a very narrow fulvous stripe or line along the segmental suture with a 
blackish annulus bordering it in front and behind, the border regions of the 
somite lighter, more grayish. Dorsal region on anterior segments with more 
numerous small lighter areolations visible under lens as frequently. In the 
anterior region the body is lighter beneath and on the sides, more or less reddish. 
The paratype from Wigwam River is lighter, being reddish gray or in part 
fulvous gray on the sides and beneath throughout the length, with small, in 
part confluent, lighter areas included in the dark of prozonite above. In both 
specimens the collum is marked across anterior border by a black band widening 
to middle where it continues caudad as a median longitudinal black line; a 


168 ° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


black line from anterior end of the median line runs on each side obliquely 
caudoectad; remaining part of collum covered by a dense network of black 
evident under lens. Vertex of head covered with similar black network; a 
solid black area between eyes and antenna with pale spot at base of each antenna 


as usual. Anal segment blackish. Legs light reddish brown. Antenne 
blackish. 


Vertigial sulcus strongly marked, joining a deep arcuate transverse sulcus 
running between the eyes. 


Collum margined below and part way up anterior edge as usual. Lower 
end on each side well rounded. Above lower end on each side typically three 
longitudinal striz of which the uppermost extends entirely across plate to the 
margining sulcus and the others nearly as far. Second tergite extending below 
level of collum, its infero-anterior angle produced below level of the posterior; 
less broadly and less decidedly produced than in P. venustus and especially 
than in P. hewitti, two species which it resembles. 

Segmental suture strongly impressed; widely curving opposite the pore, 
which is widely removed from it. The metazonite on each ordinary segment 
longitudinally striate beneath and up the side to a little below level of the pore, 
the more ventral striz crossing to the prozonite, but the prozonite otherwise 
nonstriate. The surface in general densely marked with minute shallow puncte 
and short lines as in hewitti, venustus, etc. 

The anal tergite is produced beyond the anal valves as in hewiiti and 
venustus; but, unlike those species, the produced part in side view is seen to 
bend moderately but distinctly upward, instead of being straight or slightly 
depressed. The tip is not rounded as in hewztti, being decidedly angular as 
viewed from above, and 1s broader than in venustus. Valves margined as usual. 

Number of segments 48-52. 

Length about 33 mm.; width 2.5 mm. 

Localities —Waterton Lake. Type taken Aug. 24, 1883. A second female 
was taken July 25, 1883, on the Wigwam River. Tyrrell coll. 


12. Spirobolus marginatus (Say.) 


On specimen taken at St. Nicholas, Quebec, by J. A. Salter, and one at 
Renfrew, Ont., by Johansen. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH—DIVISION OF FOREST INSECTS 


Bark-beetle control operations are nearly completed in the Coldwater 
Valley, B.C., and are now being carried out in the Spious Valley. In addition 
to the logging operations by which the infested timber is salvaged, hundreds 
of infested trees, on the mountain sides and in isolated positions, have been 
felled and burned so as to kill the broods of beetles in the bark, The slash 
from all this work will be burned during June. Last week Mr. Hopping gave 
an open air lecture to the Dominion forest rangers at the Spious Creek camp, 
explaining to them, on the ground, helpful details regarding the infestation. 


—Entomological Branch News Letter 


Mailed June 25th, 1920. 


Che Canadian Cntomolagist 





Vou. LI. LONDON, AUGUST, 1920. No. 6 








POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
THE CONTENTS OF OUR ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNALS DuRING 1919. 


BY HARRY B. WEISS, 
New Jersey State Dept. of Agriculture, New Brunswick, N.J. 


Entomological journals are mostly what contributing authors make them, 
and the following, which is a brief summary of the 1919 contents of eight journals 
devoted entirely to entomology, should, if nothing else, indicate in a general 
way, the trend of entomological thought and activity. Such a summary, how- 
ever, will not give an adequate idea of all entomological activities nor of the 
amount of published material devoted to each branch of entomology, in view 
of the fact that no censideration has been given to the publications of experi- 
ment stations, departments of agriculture, colleges and universities nor to journals 
devoted onlv partly to entomology. 

The title of this paper clearly indicates its scope, and nothing more nor 
less should be assumed. In the tables which follow it is not intended that one 
journal should be compared with another. | They have been treated separately 
only for the sake of convenience, and their contents have been summarized by 
titles and not by the quantities of printed matter devoted to each subject. 
These journals range from four to twelve issues per year, are of different sizes, 
and employ types of various kinds, consequently a true comparison should 
include all of these factors. All are valuable, all serve a useful purpose, and all 
should be supported by entomologists. 

With the exception of Psyche and the Journal of the New York Ento-> 
mological Society, the complete 1919 volume of each has been summarized: 
In the case of the exceptions, the last 1919 numbers of which have not appeared 
at this writing, the last issue of 1918 was included in order to make a complete 
volume. 

Table I indicates the number of titles on each subject or group of subjects 
in each magazine. In a few instances, single papers covered more than one 
subject, and in such cases the titles were placed according to the amount of 
material on each subject. As for example, if a paper contained 75 per cent. 
of taxonomic material and 25 per cent. of any other subject, it was placed in 
the group devoted to classification. However, most of the titles and subject 
matter fell readily into the classification as given in the tables Table I further 
shows that papers on classification, including descriptions of new species and 
papers dealing with the various phases of systematic entomology, outnumber 
all others. Following this numerical order we have the biological papers, 
such as those dealing with the life-histories, habits and early stages of insects, 
and then the economic ones. Only one journal is devoted to economic ento- 
mology, and there are hundreds of economic papers published by agricultural 

169 


170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


experiment stations, etc., so that the importance of the subject should not be 
measured by comparing the economic figures in Table I with the figures of other 
groups. 

Papers on distribution, including host lists and those covering general 
entomology, are evidently of considerable interest to entomologists, judging by 
the number of titles devoted to each. The same is true for brief notes on all 
phases of the subject. Anatomical, morphological and physiological subjects 
are fairly well represented and will undoubtedly be more so in the future. Insect 
behaviour, ecology and origin are poorly represented, but papers on such sub- 
jects often appear in other journals, such as those devoted to animal behaviour 
and natural history in general. 


TABLE I. NUMBER OF TITLES ON EACH SUBJECT. 


















































































































































x = @ We) o o 
ee as ; : c 
2 ae Sa | 38 Bie ile ere acorns 
i woe ne 2-5 a8 Sams 9B 
, aon ; Ag Lo mo . ; se Sieh) Ess 
Subjects SEs vo aR — obs Se, | eae & Sam 4 
ao % OF sha of Bt Rp aie eee lobes S 
oy. So 525 oe Son = 3 Oovradya 3 UR ad 
Sing neo oka au co: 3s oD oe Boe 5:2 92 ° 
ons fies 2n.2 WZ, tax | 222 |anBba] AEE & 
General economic methods, 
insecticides, etc....../.........- AGES 26 
Economic entomology......... : 1 36 37 
General subject..................... 11 9 1 1 22 
Classification, descriptions.... 
MEWUSPECIES: CLCK-ns scar iecctere 42 12 17 36 10 16 26 159 
Distribution, faunal and host 
SES ee ehaey tse Monnet oes 8 5 2 6 2 3 1 27 
Anatomy, morphology, 
DU StOlOL VA. esate lessseneneee es 3 3 2 5 i 2 16 
Life history, habits, early 
StABeS WCtC cr chsvescck or eveses , 8 6 3 9 6 2 10° 44 
LB ET IES Ha Kop Hh ce sae RE OMS HRT esr ee peasy : 2 Ther B 
\ OFTEN aren PRR ee ee eee 2 2 4 
1 (eto) CofA eine rine ete ee ercrethe 1 il 
Brief notes, all phases........... 20 2 13 23 1 6 4 33 102 
Proceedings societies.............. 1 33 15 1 4 3 27 
BOoksreview sistas sics-o.4opesncese« 11 1 6 5 9 32 
Obituaries ea oeae 2 en 6 3 12 
106 31 | 42 112 25 40 38 118 512 
TABLE Il, NUMBER OF MAJOR AND MINOR PAPERS IN ALL JOURNALS. 
3 eS ir : 
A) a — ag n os 
Bp as 50 =159 mw 6 Sn 
a2 Ad iS we as Hy itreelres ce 
as: Mo) = fo) o> Ee] peat) Sie. 
TE a aa E oid Saw DOS aE e 
= ¢ = a oo S 
£8 Q 5 Se Be a8s | S39 | ee e8 
ae a ays 5,v 8 Blac SeSullm acore 
Of Ay =a QZ es) 9 4 fx) Ams stealica) 
Major papers.......... 72 29 * 24 62 23 25 31 73 
Minor papers, notes, etc 34 2 18 50 2 15 “6 45 
TETAS Neer pees ee mera BRA Sie auc nide ey anager 106 31 42 112 25 40 38 118 








In Table II the titles are further grouped into major ones, which include 
all of those listed in Table IIT and minor ones which include everything else, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 171 


such as brief notes, book reviews, proceedings of societies, ete. Table III 
summarizes the major papers and gives the percentages of titles devoted to each 
subject. This table shows that the percentages of titles devoted to classifica- 
tion in the different journals ranged from 41.4 to 83.9. In nearly all of the 
journals more than 50 per cent. of the papers were on this subject. The per- 
centages of titles on distribution, etc., varied from 3.2 to 17, those on anatomy 
etc., from 4 to 22 per cent., and those on life-history, etc., from 8 to 20.7 per 
cent. The remaining percentages in this table are low, except for the economic 
and general subjects. 


TABLE III, PERCENTAGES OF MAJOR PAPERS DEVOTED TO EACH SUBJECT. 










































































3 Ss : 
2 2 re s ; 
: 50 hee Alpe = 
oo sor © es B a =r 9 
; ste go . 37 oO fe) : nS Ny) 

Subjects “Sie 2 AR E op Ap sal ie3} 
es 2 M3 £2 Ey su Gas Ha 
ac Ms aS so its} =e 2S ics 
Om Oy fea C3] QZ 0) jeayea) O40) =) 

General economic, methods, insect- 

BCU S | ECC ee sare seni cpheseusaas trevtpdencneas Conant 36 
Economic entomology.............cccccccees Bu2) 49 
Poreter tL SIRI Eons os ced reaches sacemtcnee cone sevces 15 14.5 4 ees 
CalaecWGAtIOR. CUCs- cs teckoo feecce techs eee essen 59 41.4 71 58 43.3 64 83.9 
PISCE Me CLG csc cents tese cess eanzetees ete 11 17 8 10 8.7 12 3.2 
Anatomy, morphology, etc.......... ease 4 10.4 8 ; 22 4 6.5 
Life history, habits, etc........... BE ee ll 20.7 13 14.5 26 8 14 
BSH UIGU Ess scp saccasnsschsehserssyert 1 J 
NOS KYNT eA Pewee 5, Mec s.t OA vhs tone boron sposvrncsconts 3) 8 
DROS OY ca Ss Rie Sa Ee Reon een 31 

100 100 100 | 100 | 100 100 100 100 











Fifteen groups or orders of insects were treated in the major papers of all 
journals as shown in Table IV, with the Coleoptera leading and followed by 
the Diptera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Odonata. 
The main orders of insects were covered in each journal. No one group was 
represented to the exclusion of others, however several journals showed a con- 
siderable leaning toward some particular order, probably due to the fact that 
most of the contributing authors to those journals were interested in such a 
group. 

Table V is of interest in showing the locations of authors of major papers. 
The District of Columbia leads with a total of 68 papers in all of the magazines 
listed. This is due undoubtedly to the large number of federal entomologists 
located there. Massachusetts, New York, Illinois, New Jersey, California, 
Pennsylvania, Canada and Ohio follow the District of Columbia in the order 
named, in so far as the number of titles is concerned. Several of the journals 
receive papers from many states, while a few appear to be devoted mainly to 
contributions from one or two states, at least such was the case during 1919. 

It is no secret that most of our entomological publications or journals have 
seriously felt the increased cost of living during the past several years ,and 
have had difficulty in making both ends meet This’ has been made public 1 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


TABLE IV, NUMBER MAJOR TITLES ON VARIOUS GROUPS OF INSECTS. 







































































































































































































2 “ 8 r 
bn ees ) Boe S .J ro] 
lol ie (o) . ny 
Ei alee bb Barer ae au Ph . 
TE z Sy ey te, an = Bb 
Sie) oO ome os oe aes ie anf 3 
ae A 25 ri eg Se oy Ze 3 
On Ay = WZ Wn) [seca] [OIG] Ha H 
Diptenawsrmncs: 4.5 ' 15 6 2 13 5 4 5 5 as 
Siphonapterval.<sco5¢ fes./0s-seseeotne 1 ox, 1 
Iiintemopteraie csc 4:yn-hs rosacea 10. Tee 1 3 3 2 ee 6 ; 4 40 
epidopterdsc.-ct:.-ctcescce eens 4 3 . 2 18 is 5 ei 3 9 45 
Coleoptera nHist aia 9 4 11 ; : 5 7 5 5 8 12 59 
Orthop terancc:..c..ctes cee 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 TH 
RLEIMIpECKa wesc cats sesee ene 6 = F: 1 D 1 7 it 18 
Honiopleran vata DS Vier Ate es 9 2 R 6 12 43 
[Para sntt@alsere cts ete y ! 1 1 
MMW Sano ptera..rs.crt--cccscseseese owes 1 1 
KO) Congritaeste: Sr ois. faveceestonty ode 2 1 6 9 
Bri opterawiecscs cused cantecssoeacee 1 1 
BNeMer dares ces case sce. 3. 1 1 
Wallop lia paecta ts csse a enos saree 1 il 
TSODtCKar cet ee eee 1 1 
Various groups including 
PN ealercke By Sr keaeenera eps eee 12 eke 1 ey 1 4 1 ae 52 
aren 0 ee Pes 72 29 24 62 23 25 | 31 | 73 
TABLE V. ORIGIN OF MAJOR PAPERS. 
Jour Annals Bul. Proc. 
Canad NGGY: Ent. Ent. Brook. Ent. Jour. 
Ent Psyche Ent. News Soc. Ent. Soc. Econ. Total 
Soc. Amer. Soc. Wash. Ent. 
(CEASC VEG Gaeta eee dees aN| [een bg (a co amt Ua Ge Oi em ee, Le VO ie LePaci |ea eeee e ete e Be 14 
Idaho ir 1 
Wiareees 2 2 
Md....... 1 1 
INEGI eee 1 1 
Ariz......... 1 1 
JV ate 5 1 27 
Coli. Be aM 58 ey 2a eee ne 2 cea 1 8 
LOS 2c SB Serge A Le || Aa Ai | [Rao ace Rae ODA Ow i | Un |e Sa We | a BS a 5 
DAC 8 2 16 63 
INCE: il ire Rae ieee kM Ce see a | RA ae ae 3 
Wises 1 1 5 
Mont....... TPF i see Sill wide p RIDA Sl ee ee sete tara leee coe eee cee 3 
Ree e tice 1 1 S) 
INE Wie; 3 5 36 
Mass 6 1 AT 
Ore....... 1 1 4 
Ind... 4 9 
alee: 5 11 22 
Ohiove 4 3 14 
INEM rake decdecescaueee cescsbscctuach reece | RET UU TE YA DOE lle 906 Se SN ce Se eel eg Re ee eee oe | eae an dee ae 1 
Mo.... DE oi) tee NE gee | RnR are A me bee dike RE Warn ch oat 3 
i eal 5 4 23 
SEEN sce ates as co avicoisasoccvovsnsaos ave Rease ell Ge en oe al eendheReesee IP LT est] ere e eroeats Memes icc ant scenes, foam 3 
Neb...... 1 3 
Conn 1 2 
Kani 1 5 
Barats. 8 5) 
TexXoR 2 3 
Mich 1 
Blac ae 2 
Minn....... 3 
Maller ee ee. aon : 
England 1 
Japan s 














=) 
Cy 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


various editorials and business proceedings. In view of this it is necessary for 
entomologists to support their journals in a more substantial manner, and one 
way of doing this is to subscribe for as many as one can afford. This is a duty 
which entomologists owe to their science. Moreover, the charges for such 
subscriptions are extremely low considering present-day prices, and each journal 
is well worth its price and more. 

In one of the publications mentioned in the tables, which is also the official 
organ of an association of entomologists, the statement is made that ‘‘there 
were a considerable number of both active and associate members who did not 
subscribe for the publication.’’ It is inconceivable that an active member of 
an association would refuse to support its journal. In some cases there might 
be extenuating circumstances, but it is believed that most entomologists can 
afford the small sums asked for their publications. The fact that a journal is 
not devoted exclusively to the entomological subject in which one is interested 
is not a valid excuse for failing to support it. The systematist, the economic 
worker, the insect ecologist, the insect biologist and the collector all need each 
other, and each should contribute to the other’s support in order to advance 
the science of entomology. 





A NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA). 


BY CHARLES MACNAMARA, 


Arnprior, Ontario. 


The crystalline limestone that crops out in many places along the shores of 
Lac des Chats on the Ottawa River is often curiously eroded between the seasonal 
high and low water-marks into little circular cups with fairly vertical sides and 
rounded bottoms, ranging in size from about three to about eight inches in 
diameter by three or four inches deep. The cups occur only on horizontal 
surfaces, and are usually scattered in small groups rather widely separated; but 
occasicnally a flat rock is so closely pitted with the depressions that it looks 
something like an enormous dilapidated honeycomb. The cups nearly always 
contain water, either from rain or from the splashing of the waves; and no doubt 
they are caused by the solvent action of water on the limestone, but why they 
should be so symmetrical in shape is not clear. 

What concerns us here, however, is that these water-filled rock cups are 
great traps for some kinds of Collembola. Of course, the brisk, semi-aquatic 
Isotoma palustris Mull, which is at home on fresh-water shores all over the 
northern hemisphere, can leap nimbly in and out of the cups and play safely 
over the surface of the water. But any of the plodding Collembolan earth- 
walkers that blunder into the little hollows find them snares for their feet, and 
once caught on the water film, few of them ever seem to reach the rocky side 
and safety again. 

So far I have collected nine different species and one variety of Collembola 
in the rock cups. Four are species common elsewhere in the district, but six 
of them—and this is what makes the cups such an interesting hunting ground—I 
have never found anywhere else, and of these at least two are new to science. 


One of the latter—a Pseudachorutes—is described in the present paper. 
August, 1920. \ 





174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


The genus Pseudachorutes, Tullberg, belongs to one of the most generalized 
of the Collembolan families, the Poduride. Including the subject of this paper, 
it comprises as yet only nine species, five of which are reported from Europe 
and four from North America. Two or three additional species have been 
described by different authors, only to melt away into the synonymy that is so 
rife in Collembolan classification. At present the genus is recorded only from 
the north temperate zone, but they are rare insects, and future collecting will 
probably discover them in other parts of the world. 

The name “‘saxatilis’’ given the species here described, is suggested by the 
insect’s habit of frequenting the rocks where it becomes trapped in the water- 
worn cups. What attraction a. moisture-loving Collembolan can find on the 
sun-baked wind-swept limestone is hard to understand. Like many other 


gets it into trouble. It dces-not seem possible that it can live on these bare 
rocks, and a careful search under stones and in crannies near the rock cups 
failed to discover a single individual. The fifteen or twenty specimens I have 
collected were all found caught on the water in the cups. The “mother lode”’ 
of this supply has not yet been traced, but it is probably among the bushes and 
trees a few yards back from the shore. In this respect the name is inaccurate, 
for the next time the insect is taken it will probably be in dead leaves or under 
rotten bark. But scientific names are no more to be regarded as strictly de- 
scriptive than those of persons, and no one expects to find every John Smith 
hammering iron on an anvil. 


Pseudachorutes saxatilis, n. sp. 
Plate V. Figs. 1 to 8. 


Colour light to dark lavender blue, finely mottled. Body sutures, legs 
and under parts lighter. Dividing the width of the back into about thirds, 
are two rows of small light spots which diverge a little caudally on each seg- 
ment (Fig. 1). Eye-spots conspicuously black, particularly so in the lighter- 
coloured specimens. Eyes 8+8, equal (Fig. 2). Postantennal organ of about 
28 oval leaves arranged in a long ellipse (Fig. 3). The number of elements 
varies from about 25 to 29. Antenne sub-equal in length with head or slightly 
shorter. Third and fourth segments confluent dorsally, but suture shows 
ventrally. Relative lengths of segments vary a good deal in different individuals, 
but approximate 7: 8:7:9. First segment about 1!/2 times wide as long, second 
segment about 11/4 times wide as long, third and fourth segments taken to- 
gether about 2!/ times long as wide. Fourth segment furnished with ‘‘olfactory”’ 
sete (Fig. 4). Sense-organ of two clavate curving rods situated distal dorsally 
on third segment (Fig. 5). Antenne bear many single seta, sparse on first 
and second segments, numerous on third and fourth segments. Buccal cone 
relatively short. Unguis (Fig. 6) with one large tooth about one-third from 
base. No tenent hairs, but distal tibio-tarsal hairs are apically bent and minutely 
knobbed. Fureula short and stout. Dentes with many coarse dorsal tubercles 
distally. Mucrones (Fig. 7) about one-third as long as dentes, convex in out- 
line, with rounded lamella extending about two-thirds of the length, apical 
third finger-like, ventral margin curved. Rami of tenaculum tridentate, corpus 


1 


I~ 


ENTOMOLOGIST 


ADIAN 


THE CAN 


PLATE V. 


Can, Enr., Vor. LII. 


U< (9) 
vyn 








O59 

29900 9,90 ° 9,°0 9%, So) 

0995 599° j 2405 99 Se 9 (00? F050 9949 
° \ ° 

$20° 9909 ° 90% 9 03093 o5 

B29 25292 Aa 9,0°%5 Se.0° 
209 SRY) ae) 299 9 0°.9 

° 


° 
° 

2. ° oe 09 ° 9; 

° 9°3 Je 22%9 - ore Sonos wa 0° 

° 
5 95° 9 P0, 29 2 90 9% 39,9 {9592 5 9 0 0% 9 ON 4? 
© SOPOT S0° Doo 0 6 0990 09%9 = . 
° 





ie 


rein fet) 





PSEUDACHORUTES SAXATILIS, n. sp. 


176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


without ventral sete. Clo/hing merely a row of short, blunt simple sete across 
“middle of each segment with a few minute seta in addition (Fig. 8) Maximum 
length 1.5 mm. Found August to October trapped on water in little cups 
eroded in limestone on shores of Ottawa River at Marshall’s Bay, near Arnprior, 
Ontario. 

The most distinctive feature of this species is the long, elliptical, postantennal 
organ of numerous elements. While these elements are usually referred to as 
tubercles, in this instance when viewed in plan they look like flat, overlapping 
plates; in perspective they are seen to be somewhat inflated, outstanding, oval 
leaves. 

The two rows of light spots down the back may also serve for a preliminary 
identification, and possibly these may prove to be a constant characteristic; 
but coloration is so unstable with many Collembolans that little weight should 
be given to their presence or absence. 

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the generous help that Dr. J. W. Folsom, 
of the University of Illinois, has given me in separating this species. His 
criticisms and suggestions have been of the greatest assistance, and I am in- 
debted to him for pointing out some of the morphological niceties that the 
average microscopist cannot see until he is told where to look for them. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. 


Fig. 1. Pseudachorutes saxatihs x45. 
2. Eyes and postantennal organ of left side. x350. 
3. Postantennal organ. x/30. 
4. Olfactory sete of right antennz, dorsal aspect. (Undifferentiated 
setae are omitted). x450. 
5. Sense organ of third antennal segment. x1500. 
6. Right hind foot. x730. 
7. Right mucro and part of dens. x660. 
S. First abdominal segment. x500. 





A NEW: MYZOCALLITS (ABAIDIDAS: HOMOPTERA). 


BY W. M. DAVIDSON, 


U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Alhambra, Calif.* - 


Myzocallis alhambra, sp. nov. 

Body non-tuberculate; wings clouded; cornicles and tibial bases  pale.. 
Alate viviparous female. 

General colour pale lemon yellow, suffused with pink and light orange. 
Shape of body rather narrow. Antenne slender (third joint slightly enlarged 
on basal half), about as long as the body, pale yellow, articulations narrowly 
dusky brown; joint III bears from 2 to 4 circular sensoria on basal half; filament 
of distal joint longer than base; relative lengths of joints: III 317, IV 233, V 
250, VI 133+186; joint IV is sometimes longer than joint V, and vice versa. 
Head and thorax somewhat dusky on sides; forehead produced obtusely in 
centre, its longest hairs about one-fourth as long as the head is wide between 


the antenne, obscurely capitate; beak pale yellow, tip black, reaching barely to 
August, 1920, | 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST L177 


second coxe. Thorax and abdomen without tubercles; wings clouded brown, 
veins brown, insertions of wing pale yellow, stigma pale yellow, a brown spot at 
base; legs pale yellow, tarsi grey; sternum dusky grey. Abdomen, with many 
grey setiferous elevated maculations, these of greatest area being on the sides 
of segment 2 to 4 inclusive; cornicles pale, about as broad at the base as long, 
narrowingly apically; cauda and anal plate pale, the latter bifid. Venter pale. 


mm., 
mm., 


The species varies in size considerably. Length from 1.4 to 1.8 
width (mesothorax) from .51 to .67 mm., length of cornicles .06 to .075 
length of cauda .12 mm. 

Host.— Quercus englemanni Greeul, Quercus sp. On the leaves. 
Locality.—Alhambra, Calif. 


Dates of collection.—July 7, Sept. 26, November 5, 1919. 


7 ype.—One slide containing four alate specimens deposited in the U. S- 
Nat. Mus. Collection of Aphididae. 

This species differs from Myzocallis discolor Monell in the structure of the 
third joint of the antenna, discolor having about 8 sensoria placed all along 
the segment. In Monell’s species the apical half of the venter is dusky, in 
alhambra the venter is pale. 


| 
AG 
Tax 
J ae 


Fig. 18. rm B, C, segments III and VI of three antenn«; D, E, F, three views of cornicle; G, cauda; H, dorsum of 
ead. 


178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


REMARKS ON THE BASIC PLAN OF THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL 
STRUCTURES: GE) THE: MALES OF WINGED: INSECTS: 


BY G. C. CRAMPTON, PH. D. 
Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 

The genitalia of male Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Diptera, 
Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera (Homoptera) and Strepsiptera have been 
compared with those of the lower orders in a paper which appeared in ‘‘Psyche,”’ 
(June, 1920). The added knowledge gained from this study of a wider range 
of forms, and from an examination of the condition occurring in arthropods 
related to insects, together with the light thrown upon the nature of the parts 
in the lower insects in Dr. Walker’s recent description of the genitalia of the 
male of Grylloblatta campodeiformis (Can. Ent., LI, 1919, p. 181) have enabled 
me to come to a better understanding of the fundamental composition of the 
terminal structures of the Hexapoda, and the following suggestions are here 
offered in an effort to clear up some of the uncertainties concerning the interpreta- 
tion of the parts in insects in general and in the higher forms in particular. 

Embryologists have maintained that the abdomen of an insect is primarily 
composed of twelve segments—or eleven segments, with a ‘‘telson’’—and since 
the abdomen of the Protura. (which are among the most primitive representa- 
tives of the Hexapoda) is composed of twelve segments, there is some evidence 
for considering that twelve is the original number of segments entering into the 
composition of the abdominal region of insects in general. It is only in excep- 
tional cases, however, that traces of the structures interpreted as the vestiges 
of a twelfth segment are retained (as in certain odonatan nymphs), and the 
retention of even eleven complete segments is by no means of common occurrence 
in the lower pterygotan orders, since the eleventh tergite (“11" of Fig. 5) is 
usually lost through atrophy of fusion with the preceding tergites, though 
certain latero-ventral parts of the eleventh segment are frequently retained to 
form the so-called paraprocts ‘‘e’’ (Figs. 1 and 5) of lower insects. 

The paraprocts ‘“‘e’”’ (Figs. | and 5) are usually much reduced, and unite 
with the tergites of the tenth or other segments to form the anal papilla or 
proctiger (a structure bearing the anus) in higher forms (Fig. 6, “h’’). The 
paraprocts, ‘‘e’’, are represented as though distinct, in the diagram of the parts 
of a sawflv shown in Fig. 3; but this does not correspond to the actual con- 


” 


dition occurring in any known sawfly, since the paraprocts in these insects 
usually form the floor (and sides) of the anus-bearing structure whose tergal 
region is made up largely of the tenth tergite—which usually unites more or 
less closely with the ninth tergite in the sawfly group. 

The cerei, ‘f’’) borne on the paraprocts ‘‘e”’ (Figs. 1, 8 and 5) are homologous 
with the multiarticulate flagelliform uropods of such Crustacea as the Tanaidacea 
(Chelifera). The exopodite, or outer branch of the biramous appendage form- 
ing the uropod, is sometimes wanting in these flagelliform uropods of the Tanai- 
dacea, thus suggesting that when only one of the branches is retained, the 
endopodite, or inner one, remains to form the cerci of insects. When both 
branches of the uropod are retained in the Tanaidacea, they are borne upon a 
single segment or protopodite (if one may judge from the published figures of 
these structures, and from the condition exhibited by A pseudes spinosus) and 


on this account | have been led to conclude that Walker, 1919 (Ann. Ent. Soc. 
August, 1920. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 179 


America, XII, 1919, p. 267) is incorrect in adopting the method of designating 
the basal segment of the cerci as the “‘basipodite,’’ proposed by the German 
entomologists. Furthermore, it is quite possible that the paraprocts them- 
selves (or a portion of them) represent the basal region of the uropod (see Fig. 
5, “e’’), whose endopodite is represented by the cerci. If this be correct, we 
might also consider the styli-like ‘“‘paraprocessi’,, or articulated processes borne 
on the paraprocts of certain tridactylids, as the representatives of the exopodite 
of the uropod whose endopodite forms the cerci of these insects. 

The styli of insects apparently represent the exopodites of abdominal 
limbs, and if the paraprocessi also represent the exopodites of abdominal limbs 
(uropods) we would naturally expect that those paraprocessi would have the 
form of styli—as is true of the jointed paraprocessi of the tridactylids. On 
the other hand, the paraprocessi of certain Plecoptera are not styli-like, and the 
so-called suprahami (or surhami) of certain Blattida, which are somewhat 
suggestive of them, are not styli-like, being more like a hook—but the type of 
structure occurring in the Plecoptera might possibly be regarded as modifications 
of the original styli-like form. It may be remarked, in passing, that in some 
larve these styli have been interpreted as ‘‘cerci’’; but this matter will be 
discussed eslewhwere. 

The tenth tergite, ‘10"’, of Figs. 1 and 5, has been referred to as the “‘epi- 
proct,’’ or supraanal plate, when it is sufficiently well developed to be dis- 
tinguishable, although the same term has also been applied to the eleventh 
tergite ‘‘11"’ in some cases. This is a somewhat lax application of the term 
epiproct, and Walker, 1919 (I. c.) is much more exact in restricting the designa- 
tion epiproct or supraanal plate to the eleventh tergite. There is, however, 
an apparent need for some general designation for the last visible tergite no, 
matter to what segment it belongs, and on this account I have here followed the 
more lax usage of referring to the apparent terminal tergite as the ‘‘epiproct’’ 
regardless of the segments involved in its make-up. In the sawflies, the tenth 
tergite “‘10"’ of Fig. 3 is usually more or less closely united with the ninth 
tergite, and in most higher insects it is difficult to identity its homologue. The 
sternum of the tenth segment is usually greatly reduced or atrophied, although 
it is claimed by some entomologists that the basal portion of the genital forceps 
“a’’ of Fig. 2, represents the tenth sternite in sawflies, etc. I think, however, 
that it is possible to interpret the structure in question in another way, as will 
be presently discussed. Heymons and others have maintained that lateral 
structures of the tenth segment form what appear to be the cerci in male Odonata, 
and there are sometimes present in certain phasmids, accessory lateral clasping 
organs which might be mistaken for cerci, though in reality they are merely 
posterior prolongations of the lateral region of the tergite. 

Lateral portions of the ninth tergite may become prolonged posteriorly 
to form the surgonopods (‘‘i’’ of Fig. 6) or accessory clasping organs of certain 
Neuroptera, Diptera and related forms, and have, in some cases, been mistaken 
for the true genital forceps when the latter are reduced and the surgonopods 
are well developed. The pleural region of the ninth segment labeled ‘9°’ in 
Fig. 6, has been homologized with the paraprocts ‘‘e’’ (Figs. 1, 3, 5, ete.) in 
certain higher insects; but the gonopleurite ‘‘9”” of Fig. 6, is an entirely dif- 
ferent structure, and should be designated by a term indicating this fact. The 


180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


sternite of the ninth segment is a structure of considerable interest from the 
fact that in the higher orders it forms the hypandrium ‘‘9*” (Fig. 3) or ventral 
plate extending below the genital, apparatus of the male insect, and its form 
and development offer features of some value in classification. 


Behind the ninth sternite, or hypandrium “9°” (Figs. 4 and 5) of the 
Ephemerida, there occurs a plate formed by the union of the ‘‘coxites”’ or styligers 
“a”? and ‘“‘a,’’ which represent the basal segments of the gonopods or styli bear- 
ing the labels ‘‘b’’ and ‘‘c.’””. The plate ‘a’ and ‘‘a” of Fig. 4 is usually in- 
terpreted as the tenth sternite by students of the Ephemerida (Morgan, Eaton, 
et al.); but Handlirsch, 1913, (Handb. der Entomologie) figures the terminal 
structures of a male ephemerid Palingenia, in which the styligers of “coxites”’ 


yy 


(i. e., the parts labeled ‘‘a” in Fig. 4) are separate and distinct, and Walker, 
1919 (.c.) also points out that these ‘“‘coxites’’ or styligers may unite to form 
the plate ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘a”’ behind the ninth sternite in the Ephemerida (Tig. 4). 
This interpretation is apparently the correct one, and has been adopted in the 
present discussion. 

Between the styli or gonopods labeled “b’’ and ‘‘c”’ in Figs. 4 and 5 of the 
d,”’ through which the ejaculatory 


ac 


KE phemerida, there occurs a pair of penisvalvic 
ducts open. In some insects, the common opening of the united ducts is located 
at or near the base of the penis valves. It is quite possible that the penis valves 
“d’’ represent the endopodites (inner branches) of a pair of abdominal limbs 
whose exopodites (or outer branches) are represented by the styli or gonopods 
labeled ‘‘b’’ and ‘‘c’’-in Figs. 2, 3, 4, etc. If this be correct, both the penis 
valves and the gonopods would have to be regarded as belonging to the same 
segment (the ninth) since they are parts of a pair of limbs borne on one seg- 
ment. This interpretation has a direct bearing on the view that the inner and 
the dorsal valvule of the ovipositor of the female also represent the endopodites 
and exopodites of a pair of abdominal limbs, since it is quite possible that the 


penis valves of the male insect are homologous with the inner valvule of the 


‘ovipositor of the female; and the gonopods or styli of the male are homologous 
with the dorsal valvule of the ovipositor of the female insect. The penis valves 
of the male and the inner valvule of the ovipositor of the female would represent 
endopodites, while the styli (or gonopods) of the male and the dorsal valvule 
of the ovipositor of the female would represent exopodites of a pair of abdominal 
limbs borne on the ninth segment in both cases, according to this view; but 
Wheeler, 1893, (Jour. Morphol., VIII, p. 1) maintains that the inner valvulee 
of the ovipositor, for example, are in reality styli originally borne on the tenth 
sternite, and are only secondarily located on the ninth sternite as the result of 
their migration to their final position between the dorsal valvule (of the ovi- 
positor) which are located on the ninth sternite. If this be correct, the inner 
valvule of the ovipositor (and their supposed homologues, the penis valves of 
the male) do not originate on the same segment with the dorsal valvule of the 
ovipositor (or their supposed homologues, the gonopods or styli of the male), 
and therefore cannot be regarded as the endopodites of a pair of limbs whose 
exopodites are represented by the dorsal valvule (since the two branches of a 
biramous limb cannot originate on separate segments). 

Wheeler, 1893, (1. c.) would interpret the three pairs of valvulee composing 
the ovipositor of a female insect, as three pairs of modified styliform appendages 


———EEoor 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 181 


originally borne on the eighth, ninth and tenth sternites respectively, and 
homologizes them with paired styli borne on the eighth, ninth and tenth ster- 
nites of the male While all three pairs of styli persist in the female (the pair 
originally borne on the tenth sternite migrating to a position on the ninth, in 
the female), only the pair borne on the ninth sternite persist in the male, the 
other pairs gradually disappearing as development proceeds. It must be 
admitted that Wheeler's choice of Xiphidiwm was an extremely unfortunate 
one, since the genitalia of the males of these insects are too highly modified to 
give the best results for such an investigation; and until the ontogenetic develop- 
ment of more favorable forms, such as the Ephemerida, sawflies, etc., have 
been studied with a view to determining the interpretation of the parts in male 
insects, we must conclude that the evidence available is not entirely satisfac- 
tory, especially since Heymons, Palmen, and others who have also traced the 
development of the parts in males of lower insects, do not agree with Wheeler 
in many particulars. 

A study of the so-called gonopods, or arthrostyles,* borne on the ninth 
abdominal segment in trichopterous larvae, has convinced me that these struc- 
tures form the claspers or gonopods of adult male caddice-flies (i. e., the struc- 
tures labeled ‘‘c’’ and ‘‘b” in Fig. 2), and since these structures are evidently 
appendages of the ninth abdominal segment (not of the tenth abdominal seg- 
ment, as was stated in the article published in Psyche) in caddice-fly larve, I 
would interpret the outer claspers of the genitalia of the males of higher insects 
as appendages (styli) of the ninth abdominal segment. On the other hand, 
the penis valves may or may not belong to the same segment, although I am 
inclined to interpret them as appendages (endopodites ?) of the ninth abdominal 
segment also. 

If the structures labeled ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘b”’ in Fig. 1 are homologous with those 
labeled ‘‘a’”’ and “‘b’’ (with ‘‘c’’) in Fig. 5, and if these in turn are homologous 
with the structures labeled ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘b’’ (with ‘‘c’’) in Fig. 3, it is quite evident 
that there has been a considerable shifting of the parts in the different insects 
under consideration. Thus, in the roach shown in Fig. 1, the styligers 
or ‘‘coxites’’ labeled ‘‘a,’’ instead of tending to remain more or less distinct as 
in the Ephemerida (‘‘a’’ of Figs. 4 and 5), become more closely united with the 
ninth sternite ‘9°’ of Fig. 1, while the penis valves ‘‘d”’ are apparently attached 
behind the posterior border of the ninth sternite—which has either grown out 
posteriorly beneath them, or the penis valves have been shifted forward basally. 
If the structures bearing the label ‘‘d’’ in Fig. 1 are the homologues of the penis 
valves of the other insects figured, they have followed a line of specialization 
leading toward the asymmetrical development of the parts, and their relation 
to the styli or gonopods ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘b’’ is somewhat different from that occurring 
in the higher insects. 

Another course of development has apparently been followed in the sawfly 
shown in Fig. 3, since the ninth sternite ‘9°’ (which does not project far pos- 
teriorly in the ephemerid shown in Fig. 5, ‘‘9°’’) has grown outward and _ back- 


*In the larve of certain sawflies such as Neurotoma, there occur near the base of the ster- 
nite of the tenth abdominal segment, a pair of jointed appendages which I interpreted as seg- 
mented styli (arthrostyles) from the fact that they are borne on the sternum of the segment. 
Mr. Middleton, however, informs me that these apparent arthrcstyles are transformed into the 
cerci of the adult male insect, and if this be correct, the structures in question should be désig- 
nated as cerci rather than as styli (or arthrostyles) in these larvc. 











182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Can. ENT., Vou. LIT. PLATE VI. 





TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF MALE INSECTS. 
(P. 183) 


ward under the structures labeled ‘‘a,”’ ‘‘b,”’ ‘‘c,” and ‘“‘d” in Fig. 5, thus bringing 
them into the position of the structures labeled ‘‘a,”’ “‘b,” “‘c,”’ and “‘d” in Fig. 3. 
If the plate bearing the labels ‘“‘a’”’ and ‘‘a’’ in Fig. 2 of a sawfly, represents the 
plate labeled ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘a’’ in Fig. 4 of an ephemerid, it is quite evident that the 
_styligers or ‘‘coxites’’? whose fusion product is represented by the plate bearing 
the labels ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘a’’ in Fig. 2, are distinctly separated from the ninth sternite 
“9° which originally bore them (?) thus presenting a condition comparable to 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 183 


that occurring in the male of Grylloblatta campodeiformis, which Walker, 1919 
(1. c.) considered to be unique among winged insects. 

The relative positions of the parts in the sawfly (Figs. 3 and 2) are essentially 
the same as in the more primitive representatives of the higher orders of insects, 
such as the tipulids among the Diptera, Philopetamus among the Trichoptera 
etc., but other structure become secondarily developed in certain of these forms, 
thereby rendering the arrangement of the parts much more complicated and 
difficult of interpretation. As was described in a paper on the genitalia of male 
sawflies (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1919, Vol. 21, p. 129) there become dif- 
ferentiated from the distal portion of the segment ‘“‘b’’ (Fig. 2) of the sawfly’s 
gonopods, a pair of inner claspers which were interpreted as the volselle of 
higher Hymenoptera in the paper referred to above. These volsella-like struc- 
tures probably correspond to the inner claspers of such Lepidoptera as the 
Geometridae, ete. One or both of the valves of the penis ‘‘d’’ may form a portion 
of the aedeagus; and numerous other changes take place through the outgrowth 
of various ‘“‘prongs’’ and other structures, through the modification of the 
tergites, such as the posterior prolongations of the lateral region of the ninth 
tergite labeled “i” in Fig. 6, etc., but these features have been more fully de- 
scribed in an article which will soon appear in Psyche, and need not be further 
discussed here. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


a, Styligers or “coxites’’; basal structures bearing the styli. They may 
unite tot form a single plate or basal ring. 

b. Basal segments of the styli or gonopods. 

c. Distal segments of the styli or gonopods. 

d. ' Penisvalve or valves of the ‘‘penis.” 


io) 


Paraprocts, or plates on either side of the anus. 

f. Cerci. 

g. Telofilum, or terminal filament. | 

h. Proctiger, or anal papilla bearing anus. 

i. Surgonopods, or accessory claspers; prolongations of the ninth tergite. 

The ninth sternite “9°” forms the hypandrium, the ninth pleurite ‘9?’ 
forms the gonopleurite, and the tenth or eleventh tergite forms the epiproct:- 
The letters t, p and s written to the right and above the numerals are used to 
indicate the tergite, pleurite and sternite of their respective segments. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. 
Fig. 1. Lateral view of terminal structures of a blattid (based on 
Cryptocercus). ’ 
Fif. 2. Ventral view of genital forceps of a sawfly (based on Sirex). 


Fig. 5. Lateral view of terminal structures of a sawfly. 
Fig. 4. Ventral view of genital forceps of a mayfly (based cn Blasturus). 
Fig. 5. Lateral view of terminal structures of a mayfly. 
Fig. 9. Lateral view of terminal structures of a Neuropteron (based on 


Nymphes and Ithone). 
All figures are very diagrammatic. 


184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


ON CHILOPODS ‘OF, THE FAMILY MECISTOQGCEPHALIDA:: 


BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, 
Cambridge, Mass 


While some confusion still exists in the application of the generic 
name Mecistocephalus Newport and consequently of the family name 
Mecistocephalide, under the rules of the International Code the problem is a 
simple one, and punctifrons Newport is clearly the type of the genus. Lamnonyx 
thus falls as a synonym to Mecistocephalus. In the present paper Mecisto- 
cephalus is regarded as thus unalterably fixed, and the family Mecistocephalide 
is treated broadly as including all mecistocephaloid forms 


Kry tro GENERA OF THE MECISTOPHALID2. 


a. Coxosterna of second maxilla discrete, not fused at middle line; palpi 
of second maxilla clawless....... Ma (Arrupine). 

b. Coxe of first maxilla discrete ...... Arrup Chamberlin. 

bb. Coxe of first maxilla fused... —. Prolamnonyx Silvestri. 

aa. Coxosterna of second maxille united at middle line; palpi of second maxille 
with claws... Petes He . ....(Mecistocephalina). 


b. Sephalic alate ei a stout spine beneath near each anterolateral 
corner; clypeal region divided by a distinctly areolate median longi- 
tudinal band extending from anterior areolate area; clypeal sete few 

c. Coxopleure of last pediferous segment very large, extending to 
or beyond the spiracle of the preceding 
SEOOICINE .eecte ag hore: RLU re eee Megethmus Cook. 
cc. Coxopleure of ne sediierate segment of normal size, not 
embracing the preceding segment. 

d. Laminz of mandibles, excepting the first, with teeth con- 
fined’ to distal region proximad of where they are replaced 
by a close line of cilia. 

Lateral pieces of labrum with margin ciliate throtugh- 

OVA ee Tae Gas Dasyptyx Chamberlin. 

dd. Lamine of mandibles with teeth throughout, no such 
ciliate lines. 

e. Labral margins shortly ciliate throughout; teeth of 
mandibular laminae, except distally, exceedingly 
minute.. y eehoeG Lt SRA EM te RCS Brachyptyx, gen. nov.* 

ee. Labral margins aitlies wholly smooth or setose or 
ciliate only for a very short distance subjacent to 
median angles; proximal teeth of mandibular lamine 
not at all or only moderately and gradually reduced. 
f. Labral margins wholly smooth; teeth of first 

lamina of mandibles seven or 

JOSS... 0. ..ecceee cedars Mecistocephalus Newport. 
ff. Labral free margins with a few sete or a short 

line of cilia at mesal ends subjacent to median 

piece; teeth of first mandibular lamina ten or 

more, the mesal edge of mandible 

serrate...... ae _....Pauroptyx, gen. nov. 


*Genotype, Mecistocephalus mirandus Pocock (Lamnonyx mirandus Silvestri). 
August, 1920. 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST L85 


bb. Cephalic plate with no such teeth beneath; clypeal region not divided 
by a median areolate band, its sete usually very numerous. 

c. Free margins of lateral pieces of labrum ciliate throughout; 
preclypeal setae very numerous; channel from salivary pore in 
coxosternum extending caudad to or near the posterior 
angles..... Pace oes Dicellophilus Cook. 

cc. Labral margins willy ENS preclypeal and clypeal seta 
very few; channel from salivary pore in coxosternum on each 
side extending laterad to margin well cephalad of posterior 
angles as in Mecistocephalus, ete.............. Tygarrup Chamberlin, 


Below is given a list of the. known species of Mecistocephalide, with locali- 
ties for each. In this list the numerals in parentheses with page numbers 
following each name refer to the literature at the end of the present paper in 
which the original descriptions were published. 


A List oF THE MECISTOCEPHALIDA. 


Mecistocephalus Newport. 


. angusticeps (Ribaut), (24), p. 23. Africa. 
. angustior Chamberlin, (9). Society Is. 
. castaneiceps Haase, (12), p. 102. Pulo Edam Is. 
cephalotes Meinert, (18), p. 100. Java; India, ete. 
. cephalotes multispinata (Silvestri), (27), p. 61. India. 
. cephalotes sukinsularis (Silvestri), (27), p. 61. Ceylon; Sumatra; 
Meregul; Tonkin. 

M. curvidens Haase, (12), p. 104. Philippines (Bohol). 

M. cyclops Bré!lemann, (4), p. 528. Seychelles. 

M. diversidens (Silvestri), (27), p. 76. India. 

M. diversisternus (Silvestri), (27), p. 81. Japan. 

M. erythroceps Chamberlin (9). Fiji Is. 


2555255 


M. guildingii Newport, (21), p. 179. =M. maxillaris (Gervais). 

M. gulliveri Butler, (3), p. 446. =M. maxillaris (Gervais). 

M. hamidens Haase, (12), p. 1, 6, legend and fig. =M. curvidens Haase. 
M. heres Meinert, (19), p. 214. =M. insularis (Lucas). 


M. hetercpus Humbert, (13), p. 19. Ceylon. 

M. insularis (Lucas), (17), Annex N. Africa; India; Seychelles, etc. 
M. insularis orientalis (Silvestri), (26), p.59. India; Sumatra; Andamans 
M. japonicus Meinert, ( 20), p. 142. Japan. 

M. kurandanus Be ays (9). Australia. 

M. leonensis (Cook), (10), p. 79. =M. maxillaris (Gervais). 

M. lifuensis Pocock, (24), ‘ oe Loyalty Is. 

M. maxillaris (Gervais), (11), p. 52. Tropicopolitan. 

M. meinerti Seliwanoff, (26). Central Asia (Taschkent). 

M. mimeticus Chambelrin, (9). Solomon Is. 

M. modestus (Silvestri), (27), p. 68. New Guinea. 

M. nannocornis, sp. nov. Phillipines. 

M. nigriceps Chamberlin, (9). Fiji Is.; Solomon Is. 


186 THE CANADIAN ENPOMOLOGIST 


parvus Chamberlin,! (8), p. 85. Galapagos Is. 
punctifrons Newport, (21), p. 179. India. 
punctifrons glabridorsalis Attems, (1), p. 138. =M. insularis 


Zz 


(Lueas). 


M. rubriceps Wood, (30), p. 42. Japan; Bonin Is.; Philippines; Formosa. 

M. simplex Chamberlin, (9). Australia. 

M. smithi Pocock, (23), p. 351. China; Formosa. 

M. spissus Wood, (30), p. 43. Hawaiian Is. 

M. sulcicollis T6m6:évary, (28), p. 162. Borneo. 

M. tahitiensis Wood, (30), p. 48. Society Is.; Australia; New Guinea; 
Fiji Is. 

M. tenuiculus (L. Koch), (16), p. 794... =M. rubriceos Wood. 

M. togensis (Cook), (10), p. 39. =M. insularis (Lucas). 


Megethmus Cook. 
M. ferrugineus (Hutton), (14), p. 115. New Zealand. 
M. huttoni (Pocock), (22), p. 223. =M. ferrugineus (Hutton). 
M. microporus (Haase), (12), p. 106. Philippines (Luzon). 
M. pluripes, sp. nov. Phil:pines. 


Pauroptyx, gen. nov. 
P. himalayanus, sp. nov. India. 
P. pallidus (Silvestri), (27), p. 65. India. 
P. superior (Silvestri), (27), p. 68. India. 


Brachyptyx, gen. nov. 
B. mirandus (Pocock), (23), p. 352. Japan; Formosa; etc. 


Dasyptyx, gen. nov. 
D. gigas (Haase), (12), p. 105. New Guinea. 
D. solomonensis Chamberlin, (9). Solomon Is. 
D. subgigas (Silvestri), (27), p. 70. New Guinea. 
D 


me 


. uncifer (Silvestri), (27), p. 72. New Guinea. 
Dicellophifus Cook. 
D. anomalus (Chamberlin). (5), p. 665. Western United States. 
D. apfe'’becki (Verhoeff), (29), p. 348. =D. carniolensis (C. Koch). 
D. apfelbecki diversiporus (Verhoeff), (27), p. 348. =D. carniolensis 
(C. Koch). 
D. breviceps (Meinert), (19), p. 214. .=D. limatus (Wood).* 
D. carniolensis (C. Koch), (15), p. 185. Europe. 
D. limatus (Wood), (80), p. 42. Western United States. 


Tygarrup Chamberlin. 
T. intermedius Chamberlin, (7), p. 212. British Guiana.* 





1 Dr. Silvestri thinks this the same as M. mavillaris; but in this he is in error. Asa matter 
of fact the two species are widely separated. Aside from differences in mouthparts, parvas may 
at once be distinguished from maxillaris in having the sternal impressions simple, not at all an- 
teriorly furcat2. It isa much smaller species with fuscous head and prehensors. 

2 The type of M. breviceps Meinert,is in the Mus. Comp. Zool. at Cambridge. In the 
old insect catalogue (No. 310), it is noted as collected on Nantucket in Aug., 1853. This record, 
however, is probably erroneous. Both the type and the paratyp2, which is without locality 
label, agree fully with specimens of D). /imatus (Wood) from California. 

3 Taken at Washington, D.C., in pots of plants at quarantine from British Guiana. 


THE CANADIAN’ ENTOMOLOGIST 187 


Prolamnonyx Silvestri. 
Py heistit. (Pocock), (23);"p.'ao2, — Japan; China. 
P. indecorus (Attems), (2), p. 287. =P. holstii (Pocock) 
P. santeri Silvestri, (27), p. 87. Formosa. 


Arrup Chamberlin. 
A. pylorus Chambelin, (6), p. 654. California. 
DESCRIPTION OF NEW FOrMs. 
Mecistocephalus nannocornis, sp. nov. 

Dusky brown, the head darker, more blackish. 

Head coarsely deeply punctate; exceptionally short in proportion to width, 
being only 1.4 times longer than wide; frontal suture very distinct as in most 
species, the suture bowed forward at its middle. Tooth on ventral side of 
anterior corner much reduced. Antenna very short, scarcely reaching to end 
of first: tergite. 

Tergites uneven, roughened; sulci in middle and posterior regions very 
strongly impressed. 

Prosternum proportionately short and wide, rather finely punctate; anterior 
margin with two low, rounded teeth. Prehensors with femuroid bearing a single 
tooth at distal end; second and third joints also armed; claw with tooth low and 
slight, almost obsolete. Sternites with a deep median longitudinal sulcus not 
bifureate at its anterior end. 

Last ventral plate strongly narrowed caudad, the caudal margin straight. 
Coxopleure with pores of moderate size, not crowded, about thirty on each side. 

Last dorsal plate broad and shield-shaped. 

Pairs of legs only forty-five. 

Locality.—P. I.; Mt. Makiling... (C. F. Baker). 

Type.—M..C. Z., No. 2006. 

Like spissus Wood, occurring in the Hawaiian Is., in the number of pairs 
of legs; but readily distinguished by its proportionately much shorter head, ete. 

Megethmus pluripes, sp. nov. 

This species may be distinguished from microporus in the smaller coxo- 
pleurze of the last segment which enroach upon the penult segment only as far 
as the spiracle, not reaching the anterior end; pores similarly very numerous 
and fine. Pairs of legs ninety-seven instead of one hundred and one. 

General colour fulvous; head and prehensors red or light chestnut. 

Head very long and narrow, being just twice as long as the greatest width. 
Paired sulci close together, parallel, distinct for a short distance in front of 
caudal margin, then becoming vague Antenne long; joints all long. Mandible 
with nine dentate plates of which the first has but three teeth and a median one 
near twenty of which the more proximal are more widely spaced. Median piece 
of labrum cuneate; lateral pieces with margin wholly smooth, mesal tooth but 
vaguely indicated. 

Basal plate with a sharply impressed median longitudinal sulcus.  Pro- 
sternum sparsely punctate; unarmed anteriorly. Femuroid of prehensors each 
with two stout black teeth on mesal side of which the distal one is much the 
larger; teeth of second and third joints black, rounded; tooth of claw very low, 
indistinct. 


188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Sternites each with a deep, Y-shaped impression, the branches widely diverg- 
ing, at or caudad of the middle, the angle very obtuse, the ends transverse. 

Dorsal plates bisulcate from the first caudad. 

Length, 75 mm. 

Type—M.C. 2 1,917; paratypes M.-C: Z. + 1,948. “Philippines: Mir 
Banahao,:C. F. Baker. 

Paurcptyx, gen. nov. 

In this genus there is a short series of seta or cilia en or projecting from 
beneath the free edge of each lateral piece of the labrum at its mesal end. The 
mesocaudal angle of each lateral piece of the labrum is typically more strongly 
produced than in Mecistocephalus. The first lamina of the mandible has from 
ten to sixteen teeth in the known species, the series of teeth being ccntinued 
proximally by a series of characteristic serrations along the mesal edge of the 
mandible. 

Genotype.—P. himalayanus, sp. nov. 

The known species are all from India. 

Paurcptyx himalayanus, sp. nov. 

The median piece of the labrum in this species projects caudad beyond the 
edge of the main part of each lateral piece; each lateral piece adjacent to the 
median piece produced caudad into a long acute teoth somewhat like but pro- 
portionately much lIcnger than the corresponding precesses of P. superior and 
P. pallidus. “Labrum with sete showing at mesal end at a near angle formed 
by mesal process and main part of plate, these in part, at least, merely stiff 
hairs projecting from beneath (1. e., frem dorsal surface) the edge and similar 
to the other hairs clothing the dorsal surface. Mandibles with nine pectinate 
lamellae of which the first is ten-toothed; the inner margin below these teeth 
conspicuously serrate. A median lamella has about thirty-eight teeth which 
decrease from the distal end preximad in the usual way. Head 1.9 times, or 
slightly less, longer than wide. Anal legs more than twice as long as the penult. 
Last sternite large, more strongly narrowed caudad than in pallidus but similarly 
constricted in front of caudal end; broader in male, the caudal lobe more abruptly 
set off. ; 

Colour uniform fulvous to light brown, the legs concolorous. Head and 
prehensorial segment abruptly darker, chestnut to mahogany. Antenne 
fulvous. 

Length to 60 mm.; width of first plate, 1.8 mm. 

Pairs of legs, forty-nine. 5 

Type.—M. C. Z. 899; paratypes, 897, 900, 898. India; Himalayas; Koolloo; 
near Amballa. 

Literature Cited. 
1. Attems, C. Dr. Brauer’s Myr.-Ausbeute auf den Seychellen. Zool. Jahrb., 
1900; 13, p. 39. 
2. Attems, C. Myriopoda in Zichy’s Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise, 1901, 
2: 


3 Butler, A.G. Preliminary Notice of New Species of Arachnida and 
Myriopoda from Rodriguez. Ann. Mag. Nat.:Hist., 1876, (4), 17. 

4. Brélemann, H. Myriapodes in Mission Scient. de M. Ch. Alluaud aux 
iles Séchelles. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 1895, 8. 

5. Chamberlin, R. V New Chilopods. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1904. 


“J 


29. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS1 189 


Chamberlin, R. V.. The Chilopoda of California, II]. Pomona Journal of 
Ent.; 1912, 4. 

Chamberlin, R. V.. The Stanford Expedition to Brazil. The Chilopoda of 
Brazil. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1914, 58, No. 3. 

Chamberlin, R. V. A Diplopod from the Galapagos Is., with Notes on 
the Chilopoda. Psyche, 1914, 21, No. 3. 

Chamberlin, R.V. The Myriopoda of the Australian Region. Bull. 
Mus. Comp. Zool., 1920. 

Cook, O. F. Geophiloidea from Liberia and Togo. Brandtia VIII, 1896 

Gervais, P. Etudes pour servir 4 la histoire naturelle de Myriapodes. 
Ann. Sci. Nat., 1837, (2), 7. 

Haase, E. Die Indisch-Australischen Myriopoden. I. Chilopoden. Abh. 
u. Ber. d. K. Zool. u. anthrop.-ethnogr. Mus., Dresden, 1886, 1, No. 5. 
Humbert, A. Essai sur les Myriapodes de Ceylan. Mém. soc. d. Phys. 

et Hist. Nat. Genéve, 1865, 18. 

Hutton, F. W. Descriptions of new species of New Zealand Myriopoda. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1877, (4), 20. 

Hech, C. L. System der Myriopoden, 1847. 

Keech, L. Japaneschische Arachniden u. Myriopoden. Verh. z.-b. Ges. 

Wien, 1878, 27. 

Lucas, H. Myriapodes, in Maillard’s Note sur Vile de la Reunion, ed. 

2, 1863. 

Meinert, F.. Myriapeda Mus. Hauniensis, I. Geophili. Naturh., Tidsskr., 
Land, AS)s 7. 

Meinert, F. Myriapoda Mus. Cantabrigensis, Mass. I. Chilopoda. Proce. 
Am, Phil: Sec: 1885, 23. 

Meinert, F. Myriapoda Mus. Hauniensis, III. Chilopoda. Vidensk. 
Meddel. fra den Naturh. Foren i Kjbenhavn, 1886. 

Newport, G. On some new Genera of the Class Myriapoda. Proc. 
Zool. Soc. London, 1842, 10. 

Pocock, R. I. Descriptions of some new Geophilide in the Collections 
of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, (6), 8. 

Pocock, R. I. Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by 
P. W. Bassett Smith and J. J. Walker during the cruise in the Chinese 
Seas of H. M.S. “Penguin,” etc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, (6), 15. 

Pocock, R. I. Myriapoda, in Willey’s Zool. Results, pt. I, 1898. 

Ribaut, H. Myriapodes I. Chilopoda in Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. 
Jeannel in Afrique Orientale, Résult. Scientifiques, 1914. 

Seliwanoff. Geophilide museja imp. Ak. nauk. Zapiski imp. Akad. 
nauk. Ft. petersburg, 1881. 

Silvestri, F. Contributions to a knowledge of the Chilopoda Geophilo- 
morpha of India. Records of the Indian Museum, 1919, 16, pt. 1, No. 5. 

Témésvary, O. A Myriopaddk osztdlydnak iij alakja Borneo szigéterdl. 
Termesz fiizetek., 1882, 5. 

Verhoeff, K. Beitr. z. Kenntn, pal. Myriopoden, VI, Ueber Palaar. Geo- 
philiden Archiv Naturges., 1898. 

Wood, H. On the Chilopoda of North America with a Catalogue of all 
the Specimens in the Smithsonian Institution. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phil., 1863, (2), 5. 


190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


BOOK NOTICES. 

THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEw York. Part I. Distribution and Taxonomy of the 
Adult Flies. By Charles Paul Alexander. Memoir 25. Cornell University 
Agricultural Experiment Station. Ithaca, N. Y., 1919. Pp. 769-993; with 
6 plates and 11 text figures. 

It has been heretofore practically impossible for anyone in Eastern North 
America, except the specialist, to determine for himself specimens of crane- 
flies taken within that area. The present work has removed this obstacle 
and, therefore, fills an important gap in entomological literature. It will 
be widely welcomed by all who ever have occasion to deal with the taxonomy 
of these flies. 

Mr.Alexander’s work on this somewhat neglected group is so well known 
that 1t is scarcely necessary to comment on the thoroughness with which both 
the text and the illustrations have been prepared. The work is based on the 
study of a large number of collections, both public and private, and _ its 
geographical scope is much greater than is indicated in the title, all the species 
from Eastern North America being included. 

Besides the portions cencerned with classification and distribution, there 
are useful sections dealing with the immature stages, the haunts and habits 
of both larvae and adults. The larval habits are very varied, some species 
being aquatic, some inhabiting mud, others fungi, wood and bark, while a few 
feed upon leaves fike caterpillars. Methods are described for rearing these 
various types of larve. 

The external anatomy of the adult flies is treated from the taxonomic 
point of view, structures affording good taxonomic characters, such as the 
antennae and wing venation, receiving a relatively large space. In connection 
with the description of abdominal structures it may be mentioned here, al- 
though not in criticism of Mr. Alexander’s work, that the term “‘pleurite”’ 
as applied to the structures attached to the caudal margin of the ninth abdominal 
sternite, is morphologically incorrect, these parts being undoubtedly coxites, 
and having nothing to do with the pleural region of the segment. 

The analytical keys appear to be excellent in every respect, so far as can 
be judged by one who is not a specialist in this group. The details of distribution 
for each species in New York State are not given in the decriptive part, but 
in the special section on distribution. An important feature of this section 
is the discussion of the distribution of the Tipulidae-and related familes by life- 
zones. Following the definitions of the various zones, lists of characteristic 
plants and crane-flies are given. Between the Canadian and Transition Zones 
another zone, or sub-zone, the Canadian-Transition, is recognized, a distinction 
which undoubtedly has its advantages, although it is largely a matter of con- 
venience as to how many zones should be recognized within the territory dis- 
cussed, where in reality the changes depending on latitude, except where modified 
by Iccal conditions, are entirely gradual. Some of the plants listed for the 
Transition Zone are, in the reviewer's opinion, typical of the Upper Austral, 
such as Chamaecyparis thycides, Juglans nigra and Sassafras variifolium. 

“The number of species of Crane-flies that should occur in New York State 
is probably not less than three hundred and this Agure seems similarly appli- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 191 


cable to many areas of equal extent and equal diversity of ecological. conditions 
in the North Temperate Zone.” 

It is almost superfluous to add that this excellent work should be in every 
entomological library, and that no teacher of systematic entomology can afford 


EF. M. W. 


to be without it. 


ORTHOPTERA OF NORTHEASTERN NortTH AMERICA with Special Reference to the 
Faunas of Indiana and Florida. By W.S. Blatchley. The Nature Publish- 
ing Co. Indianapolis, 1920. 784 pp. 5 plates and 246 text figures. 

The aim of this manual is to furnish a ready means of identifying any species 
of Orthoptera found in the United States east of the Missippi River and Canada 
east of the 90th meridian. It is intended for the use of the beginner rather than 
the specialist, but the subject matter is treated in such detail that it is thoroughly 
well adapted to the needs of the most advanced student as well. 

It is an outgrowth of the author’s well-known treatise on the Orthoptera 
of Indiana, but not only deals with a large number of species not included in the 
Indiana fauna, but the data on the latter forms is revised and considerably 
expanded. It also differs in plan from the older work in that it contains an 
alphabetical list of synonyms at the end of the book, instead of list’ng these 
under the head of each species; although the principal synonyms are mentioned 
in the notes that follow the descriptions. 

One of the many excellent features of the book is the full discussion of the 
haunts, habits and songs of the various species, in which Mr. Blatchley has 
quoted at considerable length from other authors, selecting those passages 
which are considered to be of most value to the subject. 

The illustrations are for the most part selected either from the author's 
earlier work or from the works of other specialists, but include also two plates 
of excellent original figures, by Mr. Fox, of the genitalia of the various species 
of the genus Ceuthophilus. Unfortunately a few of the text figures were inverted 
by the pr:nter, but the pages on which these occur have already been reprinted 
with the figures in their correct positions. One of these figures is that of Arphia 
sulphurea, and it was unfortunate that this figure was selected to illustrate 
this spec'es since, in the reviewer’s opinion, it must have been taken from some 
other species, the tegmina being quite unlike those of an Arphia in their trans- 
verse fasciae, which with the shape and pattern of the hind wings, are typical 
of Circotettix verruculatus. 

It is the reviewer’s unpleasant duty to point out also certain other errors 
and inaccuracies in this otherwise excellent manual, which have come to his 
notice. 

The Articulata (p. 12) are divided into two great groups, the Vermes and 
the Arthropods. The term Vermes is here used, of course, for the segmented 
worms (Annelida) only .It is now obsolete as the name of a taxonomic group, 
but when in use was understood to include a number of other groups besides 
the Annelida. 

In the description of the mouth-parts on p. 14 it is stated that the labial 
palpi are attached to the labrum, and no mention is made of the labium. 

On page 21 the term vergite is used to designate one side of a tergum, whereas 

‘it is generally employed to denote the entire dorsal sclerite. 


192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


tenth abdominal segment. It is really the eleventh, as is correctly indicated 
in the figure on the same page. 

The family name used for the grouse locusts is Tetrigida, since the author 
objects to the confusion which is likely to arise from the use of both names 
Acrydiide and Acridide (the latter being the family to which the ordinary 
locusts belong). If, as stated on p. 187, the name Acridide were derived from 
the Latin Acridium, its proper spelling would be Acridiide, and it would in- 
deed be objectionable to use both this term and Acrydiide, since Acridium is 
merely an amended spelling of Acrydium. But the name Acridide is not de- 
rived from Acridium but from Acrida (an Old World genus) and if Acrydiwm is 
employed for the typical genus of grouse locusts, instead of Tetrix, the family 
name Acrydiidae and the subfamily name Acrydiine must likewise be used, to 
conform with the established rules of nomenclature. 

In the section on p. 745, entitled “Area and Life Zones Covered,” the 
Hudsonian Life Zone as defined as equivalent to the entire Boreal Region of 
Merriam, and the Boreal Fauna is stated to be the fauna of this zone. Accord- 
ing to Merriam the Hudsonian is the middle zone of the three into which the 
Boreal Region is divided, the others being the Arctic and Canadian; and although, 
as far as Orthoptera are concerned, there would be little need of these divisions, 
they are, on the whole, quite as distinct as the zones of the Austral Region. 

Mr. Blatchley’s definitions of the areas included in the other zones also 
differ from those generally accepted, but as the limits of the zones are not easily 
definable, such matters depend to a large extent upon personal preference and 
judgment. It is unfortunate, however, to select as typical of the Alleghanian 
fauna Chorthippus curtipennis, and Melanoplus fasciatus, since these species are 
distributed throughout the Canadian Zone well into the Hudsonian, if not to the 
Arctic. Two of the three representatives of the Carolinian Fauna, Chloealtis 
conspersa and Melanoplus femur-rubrum, are also in no respect characteristic of 
this fauna, both ranging through the Transition well into the Canadian Zone. 

On the whole Mr. Blatchley has shown very good judgment, in our opinion, 
in his decisions as to the status of various forms described as species. Tetéix 
crassus Morse is, e. g., very properly assigned to the synonymy of Acrydium 
ornatum Say, and A. hancocki (Morse) is placed as a variety of this species; 
while Oe canihus quadripunctatus Beutenm. is correctly placed as a variety of O. 
nigricornis F. Walk. He has not, however, accepted the present writer's decision 
in reducing Podisma variegata Scudd. to a race of P. glacialis Scudd., although 
this has been amply proven. In fact variegata grades by infinitesimal steps 
into canadensis, and if there is a line to be drawn anywhere it is between canaden- 
sis and glacialis. 

It must not be thought that the points criticised affect seriously the use- 
fulness of Mr. Blatchley’s book, which we feel sure will prove a most valuable 
work of reference for all students of this interesting order for many years to come. 
——. a E. M. W. 

In accordance with the regulations of the Post Office Department respect- 
ing the postage rates on monthly magazines, it has been necessary to issue the 


On p. 22 the supra-anal plate (of the locust) is said to be the tergum of the 





August and September number separately. 
Mailed August 28rd, 1919 


Che Canadian Cutomalanist 








VoL. LII. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1920. No. 7 





NEW SPIDERS FROM UTAH. 


BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, 
Cambridge, Mass. 


DRASSID. 
Zelotes fratris, sp. nov. 


Male.—A species suggesting Z. ater in general appearance and structure- 
Cephalothorax, abdomen and legs black, the tarsi of the latter paler. Posterior 
row of eyes straight, the eyes nearly equal and equidistant, thus clearly con- 
trasting with afer, in which the median eyes are larger and much more approxi- 
mate to each other than to the laterals. Anterior row of eyes procurved as 
usual; the medians much smaller than the laterals, being about half the diameter 
of the latter, more than their diameter from each other, but very close to the 
laterals. Area of median eyes as wide in front as, or scarcely wider than, behind. 
Anterior tibiz wholly unspined, not armed at distal end as in ater. Anterior 
metatarsi with a pair of spines at base. Palpus with apophysis suggesting 
that of ater, the bulb, however, differing decidedly in details and much more 
similar to that of twobus. See fig. 18, 1 and 2. 

Length 6.3 mm. Length of cephalothorax 2.8 mm. Length of tib.+ pat. 
I, 2.6 mm.; of tib.+pat. IV 2.8 mm. 

Locality —Utah: Logan Canyon. Collected by my brother, Seth C. 
Chamberlin. 

Aside from difference in the palpal organs which are represented in the 
figures, this form differs fom the male paratype of twobus in having the tib.+ 
pat. IV of the same length as the cephalothorax instead of much longer. In 
the male paratype of tuobus the cephalothorax is 3 mm. long, while the tib.+ 
pat. IV measured 3.7 mm. 

Zelotes lampra, sp. nov. 


Female.—Cephalothorax shining black. Legs black, with all tarsi and the 
metatarsi of the first three pairs in the type paler. Abdomen black both above 
and below. Anterior row of eyes procurved in such degree that the tangent 
to the lower edge of the medians passes through or very near the centres of the 
laterals. Median eyes much smaller than the laterals, about their diameter 
apart, much closer to the laterals. Posterior row of eyes straight; median eyes 
larger than the laterals, scarcely their radius apart, an equal distance from 
the laterals. Quadrangle of median eyes wider behind than in front, a little 
longer than wide. Tibia I+II armed beneath near middle (or possibly a pair 
of spines). Metatarsi I and II each with a pair of subbasal spines beneath. 
Distinguished readily by the form of the epigynum, which is represented in 
fig. 19, 3. 

Length 5 mm. Length of cephalothorax 2 mm, Length of tib.+pat. I 
2mm.; of tib.+pat. IV 2.36 mm. 

Locality.—Utah: Salt Lake Co., Mill Creek, 

193 


194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





Fig. 19. 1. Zelotes fratris, sp. n.; ventral view of male palpus. x44. 2.  Zelotes twobus Chamberlin, distal part of 
tarsus of male palpus, ventral view. x44. 3. Zeloles lampra, sp. n., epigynum. x73. 4. Linyphta 
hespera, sp. u., male palpus, dorsal view. x44. 


LINYFHIID4. 


Linyphia hespera, sp. nov. 


Coloration essentially identical with that of L. phrygiana, with which it 
has heretofore been confused. Cephalothorax light yellow, narrowly margined 
with black and with a black median longitudinal line along dorsum which 
widens clavately up the head to the eyes, this clavate portion geminate by a 
median pale line and each half again divided at anterior end by a broad pro- 
cess of yellow. Abdomen marked by the typical dark herringbone longitudinal 
dorsal stripe, this often in part obliterated anteriorly. Legs yellow, typically 
annulate as in phrygiana, with femora commonly minutely maculate. The 
markings of body often reddish instead of black. The species is most readily 
distinguished by the characters of the male palpus. The patellar apophysis is 
similar in position and general form to that of phrygiana but differs uniformly 
in narrowing continuously distad to the tip, where it is acute instead of being — 
clavate and rounded at the end as it is in phrygiana. The conspicuous principal 
seta of the tibia as viewed from above is inserted towards the distal end instead 
of near the middle; and at the base of the patella apophysis above is a seta, 
typically as long as to longer than the apophysis, which is geniculate above its 
base. See Fig. 19, 4. The epigynum is very similar to that of phrygiana. The 
median lobe seems to have the distal portion a little broader and the narrow 
isthmus a little shorter. 


Length of male type 5mm. Length of cephalothorax 2.37 mm.; width 2.1. 
mm. Length of tib.+pat. I 4.1 mm.; of tib.+pat. [IV 2.7 mm. 


Locality —Utah: Bear Lake, Logan Canyon. Numerous specimens 
Females from Chalk Creek, Uintah Mts., seem also to be of this species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 195 


Lepthyphantes lamprus, sp. nov. 

Female.—Carapace fulvous, the eyes edged with black and a marginal 
stripe on each side also black, Sternum dusky, almost black. Legs fulvous, 
strongly annulate with black, the femur with an annulus at each end and one 
at middle, the patella with one at distal end, the tibia and tarsus each with 
one just proximad of middle and one at distal end, and the tarsus darkened at 
middle. Abdomen in general black, a network of yellowish or whitish lines above 

separating off a longitudinal row of black spots on each side with a pointed 
longitudinal mark between them at base. Venter with a light spot in front of 
spinerets. Head protruding a little forward above clypeus, the upper part of 
which is depressed, from where the latter slants forward. Anterior row of eyes 
straight; the median eyes decidedly smaller than the laterals and much nearer 
together, being rather less than their radius apart but nearly their diameter 
from the laterals. Posterior row of eyes straight; median eyes larger than the 
laterals from which separated by scarcely their radius, nearer to each other. 
Area of median eyes much wider behind than in front. Epigynum as shown in 
Fig. 20, 1. 

Length about 3 mm. Length of cephalothorax 1:3 mm. Length of tib.+ 
pat. IV 1.63 mm., the length of tib.+pat. I the same or very nearly so. 

Locality.—Utah: Logan Canyon. 





Fig. 20. 1. Lethyphantes lamprus, sp. n., epigynum, ventral view. x74. 2. The same, side view. x74. 3. 


Bathyphantes phylax, sp. n., left male palpus, ectal view. x44. 4. Microneta, uta sp. n., right male palpus, 
ectal view. x175. 


Bathyphantes phylax, sp. nov. 
Male.—Cephalothorax dusky over a yellowish ground. Legs yellowish, 
slightly darkened, less so distad of the patella. Cephalorax longer than wide 
in about the ratio 9:7. Head highest caudad of eyes, convex; sides rather steep 
_and clypeus subvertical with head a little bulging forward aboye it. Lateral 


\ 


196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


eyes on rather pronounced tubercles suggesting those of some species of Microneta. 
Posterior row of eyes straight; median eyes a little less than their diameter 
apart, and a little more than their diameter from the laterals. Anterior row of 
eyes straight or scarcely recurved; median eyes less than their radius apart, 
their diameter from the laterals. Palpal organ with a broad membranous 
blade curving forward from base beneath the style, its edge denticulate above 
across its distal end. Hook bent into a semicircle with a subquadrate plate 
from its ectal side below and a spur at the caudodorsal angle of the latter as 
shown in Fig. 20, 3. 

Length of cephalothorax 1.46 mm.; width 1.14 mm. Length of tib.+ pat- 
I 1.74 mm.; of tib.+pat. IV 1.85 mm. Metatarsus I of nearly same length 
as tibia I. 

Locality.— Utah: Bear Lake. One male. 


Microneta uta, sp. nov. 


Male.—Cephalothorax, abdomen and palpi black or nearly so. Legs 
fulvous, in part slightly dusky. Cephalothorax conspicuously narrowed in 
front of middle, obviously longer than broad (cir. 7:5). Posterior row of eyes 
straight; the median eyes slightly larger, scarcely their diameter apart. Anterior 
eyes in a straight line; the eves nearly equidistant with the medians smaller 
than the laterals. Head slanting obliquely forward from posterior row of eyes 
to anterior row, the anterior median eyes carried forward above upper part 
of clypeus, the clypeus slanting forward, its profile straight. Tibia of palpus 
widening distad and a little elevated above but without any distinct process. 
Tarsal hook abruptly bent back, the distal or recurving portion long. See Fig. 
20, 4. 
Length 1.75 mm. Length of cephalothorax .7 mm.; width .6 mm. Length 
of tib.+ pat. I .76 mm.; of tib.+pat. IV, .86 mm.; of met. IV. 6. mm. 

Locahity.— Utah: Logan Canyon. 


Diplocephalus cryptodon, sp. nov. 


Female.—Cephalothorax and legs yellow of a dilute orange tinge. Abdomen 
dark gray. Posterior row of eyes conspicuously procurved; median eyes less 
than their diameter and more than their radius part, the same distance from 
the laterals or nearly so. Anterior row of eyes straight or nearly so; medians 
considerably smaller than the laterals, about their radius apart and scarcely 
farther from the laterals. Clypeus in height equalling the length of the median 
ocular area or a little lower. Median ocular area longer than wide. Upper 
margin of furrow of chelicera armed with four teeth of which the three nearest 
the claw are long and subequal, the fourth tooth smaller; lower margin of furrow 
with four similarly well separated but similarly much smaller teeth. Epigynum 
as shown in Fig. 21, 3. 

Male.—The postocular swelling is slight, scarcely or not at all rising above 
level of eyes, the hair short and sparse, forming a median longitudinal line; 
lateral pits conspicuous. Posterior row of eyes procurved; medians half their 
longer diameter apart, nearly twice as far from the laterals.. Anterior row of 
eyes straight; the medians much smaller than the laterals, less than their radius 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 197 





Bie: 21. 21. Diplocephalus cryptodon, sp. n., right male palpus, ectal view. x73. 2. Dorsal view of tibia and 
proximal portion of tarsus of same palpus. x44. 3. Epigynum. x73. 4. Spirembolus vallicolens, sp. 
n., male palpus, ventral view. x86. 5, Male palpus, distal view. x86. 6. Epigynum. x103. 


apart, their diameter from the laterals. In the palpus the tibia at its distal 
end is expanded into a thin cup or calyx over the base of the tarsus as in denti- 
palpis (Emerton). On the inner surface of the dorsal part of this calyx, or 
hood, is borne a small tooth but this is well removed from the edge and is smaller 
and less chitinous than that of dentipalpis. In contrast with the conspicuously 
long and exposed embolus of dentipalpis, that of the present species is com- 
paratively short though presenting a similar double curve, as shown in Fig. 
21, 1 and 2. 

Length of male 2.6 mm. Length of cephalothorax 1.2 mm.; width 1 mm. 

Localhity.— Utah. 


SPIREMBOLUS, gen. nov. 


Cephalothorax normally narrowed anteriorly, the front obtuse. Clypeus 
higher than the length of median eye area, strongly convex in dorsal views. 
Anterior row of eyes from straight to procurved; medians much smaller than the 
laterals and nearer to each other than to the latter. Posterior row of eyes from 
straight or slightly recurved, as in the genotype, to slightly procurved; medians 
farther from each other than from the laterals, or the eyes nearly equidistant 
(male of vallicolens). Area of median eyes wider than long. Anterior tarsi 
shorter than the metatarsi. In the male palpus the tibia bears a slender 
apophysis which extends over the tarsus which ends in a slender pointed tip 
which is bent abruptly. Cymbium of tarsus conspicuously elevated in middle 
above; bulb characterized by having the embolus coiled in a spiral which widens 
from the base of the bulb distad, the coils being nearly at right angles to the 
long axis of the joint, and thus quite from the disposition in Spiropalpus. 

Genotype.—Cornicularia monticolens Chamberlin. ’ 


198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Includes also. the species described below. These forms are at once dis- 
tinguishable from others by the peculiar male palpi which are notably fixed 
in structure in comparison with other characters such as those of the cephalo- 
thorax. 


Spirembolus vallicolens, sp. nov. 


Male.—Carapace dusky over yellow, darker toward lateral margins. Legs 
and palpi somewhat paler than carapace. Labium and endites in colour like 
the carapace, the sternum darker. Abdomen blackish, without definite mark- 
ings. Anterior portion of pars cephalica elevated but not bulging forward 
over base of clypeus as it does in monticolens, the lower part of clypeus slanting 
farther forward, the head in dorsal view not so convex anteriorly. The posterior 
row of eyes is slightly procurved instead of a little recurved as it is in monticolens, 
and the eyes are equidistant, though in the female the medians are obviously 
more widely separated. Anterior row of eyes conspicuously procurved instead 
of straight; median eyes much smaller than the laterals, nearer to each other 
than to the laterals, but much less widely separated from the latter than in 
monticolens in which the convexity ‘carries the medians far forward. Palpus 
very similar to that of monticolens; the tibial apophysis is more strongly and 
uniformly curved than in the genotype, in the latter being comparatively straight 
above the curving basal portion. See Fig. 21, 4 and 5. 

Female.—The form of the epigynum is shown in Fig. 21, 6. 

Length of male 1.85 mm. Length of cephalothorax .7 mm.; width .58 mm. 

Locality.—Utah: Mill Creek. A number of specimens secured by sifting 
leaves in September. 

It will be noted that the less elevated and forwardly protruding head in 
this form is associated with considerable differences in eye relations from those 
in the genotype. 


CATABRITHORAX gen. nov. 


Much resembles Gongylidiellum in its broad cephalothorax with frons 
much wider than the area occupied by the eyes. Clypeus lower than length of 
median eye area, in the genotype much so. Anterior row of eyes straight or 
but very slightly curved, eyes close together, typically less than their radius 
apart, if any different the median eyes closer than to the laterals, median eyes 
smaller than the laterals; posterior row of eyes straight, the eyes nearly equi- 
distant, the medians being a little nearer each other than to the laterals. Area 
of median eyes as wide as or a little wider than long. Anterior tarsi shorter 
than the metatarsi. In the male palpus the tibia has above at anterior end on 
mesal side a stout simple hook which curves ectad. The tarsal hook arising at 
distal end of bulb, where it is stout, runs to base of bulb and then bends back 
distad, this second part substraight, narrowing distad, unbranched, and free 
from the bulb. Embolus issuing at distal end of bulb from a tube-like fold. 
(Cf. Figs.) 

Genotype.—C. clypiellus, sp. nov. 

The structure of the male palpal organ is obviously different from that of 
latebricola Cambridge, type of Gongylidiellum, and the tarsi of the legs are 
shorter than the metatarsi. The close correspondence of the important features 
of the palpal organ in the two species here described, while differences in such 


id tet 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 





Fig. 22. 1. Catabrithorax clypiellus, sp. n., ventral view of left male palpus. x1l00. 2. Distoectal view of right 
male palpus. x100. 3. Dorsal view of left male palpus. x100. 6. Anyphaena inlermontana, sp. n., 
epigynum. x44, 


characters as height of clypeus, etc., are so marked, indicates the importance 
of the palpal organ in generic distinctions in this group. 


Catabrithorax clypiellus, sp. nov. 


Male.—Carapace light dusky yellow. Legs yellow. Abdomen light gray. 
Remarkable for the extremely low clypeus, the height of which is less than the 
diameter of the lateral eye and does not exceed that of the smaller medians. 
Anterior row of eyes straight or rather slightly recurved, eyes close together, 
separated by less than the radius of the median eyes; median eyes smaller than 
the laterals. Posterior row of eyes straight; eyes equal and equidistant, less 
than a diameter apart. Area of median eyes as wide as, or very slightly wider 
than, long, clearly wider behind than in front (ratio about 4:3). Upper margin 
of furrow of chelicera armed with four teeth, the lower margin with a series of 
_ five or six smaller teeth. Sternum broad, shield-shaped, produced between 
posterior coxz, posteriorly truncate, strongly convex. Labium very short and 
broad, distally truncate, not narrowed. Cephalothorax unusually broad and 
low, the lateral margins widely convex, the anterior end broad, the eye region 
a little protruding over the clypeus. In the male palpus the tibia presents 
above a chitinous apophysis which distally curves first outward and then distad. 
Paracymbium and embolus as shown in Fig. 22, 1, 2 and 3. 


Length 1.63 mm. Length of cephalothorax .66 mm.; width .58 “mm. 
Length of tib.+pat. IV nearly equalling width of cephalothorax, the length of 
tib.+pat. I less than the width of cephalothorax. 


Locality.—Utah: Logan Canyon. One male. 


200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ 


Catabrithorax ceuthus, sp. nov. 


Male.—Cephalothorax and sternum dusky, almost black, the eye region 
solid black, the black protruding in a rounded spot on upper median part of 
clypeus. Legs fulvous, slightly smoky. Abdomen dark grey. Cephalothorax 
of moderate width; head elevated, sides slanting, eye region protruding above 
clypeus. Sternum rather narrow in comparison with that of clypiellus, con- 
spicuously convex, strongly narrowing from the anterior and caudad, sides but 
moderately convex, narrowly produced between posterior coxe. Labium 
anteriorly weakly convex, natrowing distad. Anterior row of eyes very slightly 
procurved; median eyes smaller than the laterals, very close together, being 
less than their radius apart, farther from the laterals. Area of median eyes 
much narrower in front than behind, fully as wide as long. Posterior row of 
eyes weakly procurved; eyes equal; median eyes about their radius apart, an 
equal or scarcely greater distance from the laterals. Clypeus equalling or 
slightly lower than the length of area of median eyes (ratio about 7:8). Tibia 
of male palpus with an uncate apophysis above, the hook turning outwards and 
then distad at tip as in clypiellus. Structure of palpal organ very similar to 
that of clypiellus, as shown in Fig. 22, 1, 2 and 3. 

Length of cephalothorax .75 mm.; width .58 mm. Length of tib.+pat. I 
equal to width of cephalothorax or very slightly longer (.6 mm.). Length of 
tib.+pat. [IV .65 mm. 

Locality.—Utah: Bear Lake. One male. 


Separable at once from the preceding species by its much higher clypeus, 
etc. It is a darker species. 


CLUBIONID. 


Anyphaena intermontana, sp. nov. 


Female.—Cephalothorax and legs pale, of a weakly greenish tinge, the legs 
not at all annulate. Abdomen also pale, the dorsum or side with numerous 
longitudinal spots or streaks of dark, and the middorsal region behind with in- 
distinct and more or less broken dark chevrons. Anterior row of eyes straight 
or slightly recurved; median eyes smaller than the laterals, about their radius 
apart, less than half as far from the laterals. Height of clypeus but little more 
than equalling the radius of an anterior median eye. Posterior row of eyes a 
little procurved; eyes subequal; median eyes a little more than their diameter 
apart, about their diameter from the laterals. Tibia I armed beneath with a 
subbasal and a submedian pair of spines, the first overlapping the bases of the 
second; a single spine on anterior face. Tibia II with a single subbasal spine 
and a pair of submedian spines, none at distal end. 

Epigynum as shown in Fig. 22, 6. 

Length 5.8 mm. Length of cephalothorax 2.6 mm. Length of tib.-+pat. I 
2.75 mm. 

Locality.— Utah: Mill Creek. 

In the form of epigynum suggesting A. pacifica (Banks), known from the 
State of Washington, though this is proportionately shorter and is broader 
anteriorly, with the median channel less elongate, etc. It is readily separable 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 4U1 


by the characters of the eyes, the anterior row in pacifica being distinctly pro- 
curved instead of straight or slightly recurved, with the eyes obviously more 
widely separated and the medians clearly smaller relatively to the laterals, 
the clypeus higher, etc. In pacifica tibia I bears in front two spines instead of 
one, the ventral spines do not typically overlap, and tibia II is armed with a 
spine at the distal end. 





A NOTE ON THE WINGLESS TIPULID CHIONEA VALGA HARRIS. 


BY R. C. TREHERNE, 
Entomological Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture. 

During March, 1920, Mr. H. J. Blurton, trapper, of Mara, B. C., brought 
into my office some specimens of insects taken from above snow line at the 
north end of the Okanagan Valley. One of these insects has turned out to be 
the wingless tipulid Chionea valga Harris, and it constitutes a new record from 
the West. The determination was made by Dr. Nathan Banks through Dr. 
J. McDunnough, of Ottawa, and my attention was drawn to the article on this 
genus that appears in Psyche, Vol. XXIV, p. 142, October, 1917, by Dr. Werner 
Marchand of the Department of Animal Pathology, the Rockefeller Institute 
for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey.. Owing to the interest of this 
capture I requested Mr. Blurton to give me the leading notes of his observations 
for record and publication. These notes follow, arranged in manuscript form. 

“IT have noticed them for many years in the Hunter’s Range of Mountains, 
east of Mara, B.C., and they have always attracted my attention by their 
peculiarities in regard to the altitude they live at in the mountains, their mode 
of travel, and the weather conditions they seem to prefer. These insects seem 
to live principally between 5,000 and 6,500 feet above sea level, and in a country 
where spruce and balsam trees grow, living principally in the large, open spaces 
near timber line, but very seldom where timber is plentiful. When travelling 
over the snow they always appear to be in a great hurry, and they move in nearly 
straight lines from one point to another, not travelling in an erratic manner 
at all, but as if they had some special destination in mind. I noticed when I 
approached one that it would crouch down when I am near, as if it could feel 
the vibrations in the snow made by the weight of my snowshoes falling on the 
snow, and would remain motionless until I had passed. This habit is not in~ 
variable, but it happens often enough to be noticeable, showing that this species 
is either sensitive to vibrations in the snow or to the sounds made by my move- 
ments. 

It is very noticeable that this insect only selects cold, snowy weather to 
travel in, and it is very active on the surface of the snow during the months of 
January, February, March and April, even when the temperature is below zero. 
If the atmospheric temperature is warm enough to make the snow surface 
moist they apparently do not travel. I have noticed in April that if the sun in 
the morning shone brightly, causing a slight thaw, there would be a few Chionea 
visible, but if the weather changed in the afternoon and became colder with a 
flurry of snow that large numbers of Chionea both males and females, came 
hurrying from all directions. The adults seem very sensitive to warmth and 


will die in a few minutes if carried in a warm hand, although if placed on the 
September, 1920 


202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


snow before they are quite dead, they will soon commence to struggle, stretch 
their legs and eventually recover entirely. I also noticed that if carried in a 
closed match box in one of my pockets they only lived a very few hours; possibly 
a large male, under these circumstances, might live 3 to 4 hours. If they were 
walking over the snow and my warm hand was placed near them they would 
hurry away from it. On the other hand, they would walk quite freely over my 
snowshoes, which of course were cold, thus proving to me that it is warmth 
that they retreat from. 

There is another peculiar feature in their habits that I have noticed. They 
have an extremely strong grip, and it is very difficult indeed to shake them loose 
from anything to which they are attached. For instance, it is hardly possible 
to shake them loose from the match-box in which I have frequently stored them 
when collecting, and it is equally difficult to remove them from sticks or thongs 
of snowshoes. 

Apparently their object in travelling so rapidly over the snow is to enable 
the sexes to come together. When they were active on stormy days in April, 
I have captured numbers of both sexes, placing them in my collecting box, and 
it was only a few moments before copulation took place. The sexual grip is 
also very strong, it being retained even when placed in alcohol. 

My attention has been drawn to the article in Psyche by Werner Marchand, 
who mentions that Chionea is affected by the warmth of the hand and that it 
travels in straight lines. I could have made fuller observations on this insect 
if I had known it was of interest. For instance, I could have found out whether 
copulation takes place in other months than April. It was my belief that 
Chionea was predaceous on the snow fleas but I have changed my opinion, the 
snow fleas being very active in warm, thawing weather, whereas Chionea is not 
abroad in such weather except to a very limited extent.” 





CORRECTIONS TO MR. GUNTHORP’S SUMMARY OF WOOD'S 
MYRIOPODA PAPERS. 


It seems desirable for the benefit of those not familiar with the literature 
of the subject to call attention to certain inaccuracies in Mr. Gunthorp’s recent 
“Summary of Wood’s Myriapoda Papers.’’* 

1. Mr. Gunthorp states that Wood’s first paper ‘‘described four species 


as new.”’ Asa matter of fact twenty new species are there described. 
2. Likewise incorrect is the statement that in the second paper, “On the 
Chilopoda,”’ ‘‘twenty-nine new species are included.” There are really forty- 


five described as new. 

3. It is written that Wood’s paper on ‘New Polyzoniide”’ is “the one 
paper he wrote on foreign material.’’ On the contrary, Wood’s first paper, 
mentioned above, is based chiefly on foreign material, sixteen of the twenty 
new forms described being exotic; and in the second paper, on the Chilopoda, 
seventeen exotic species are described as new. 

4. The number of species described by Dr. Wood “‘from elsewhere’’ than 
the United States is said to be two. The number is actually thirty-five. 





*Canadian Entomologist, May, 1920, p. 112. 
September, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 203 


5. It may be added that in summarizing the genera and species to be 
credited to Wood, Mr. Gunthorp does not take into consideration those now 
suppressed as synonyms. Similarly it should have been indicated that. the list 
of species from the United States simply records them as given by Wood, no 
indication being given of their present generic position or of those relegated to 
synonymy. Thus, the generic names Cermatia, Opisthemega, and Strigamia 
are no longer in use, having been antedated by other names; and the species 
listed under Strigamia, Julus, Polydesmus, etc., are now known to represent 
a variety of different genera and families. 

6. It is stated that Dr. Wood wrote several papers in the Insecta. This 
seems to be erroneous, as there is no record of his ever having published any- 
thing on insects proper. R. V. CHAMBERLIN. 





WOOD-BORING BEER TEES OF .BEACK., LOCUST: 


BY O. W. ROSEWALL, 
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La. 


From time to time it has been noticed that wood-boring insects were plenti- 
ful in the dead or partly dead, young Black Locust trees (Robinia pseudacacia) 
in the University Arboretum. During the past year some of the infested wood 
was placed in glass containers in the University Insectary, and the following 
beetles were reared: 


Order Coleoptera— 
Family Bostrichidae— 
Sinoxylon basilare, Say. 
Family Buprestide— 
A grilus egenus Gory. , 
Family Cerambycide— 
Ecyrus dasycerus Say. 
Liopus alpha Say. 
Liopus fascicularis Harr. 
Liopus variegatus Hald. 
Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fab. 
Phyton pallidum Say. 

The above-named beetles emerged from about 15 feet of the wood, of 
which none was over 34 of an inch in diameter and most of it less than 1/2 inch 
in diameter. Practically all the limbs had been removed from these small 
trees, so the larve had attacked the main part of the trees. 


The beetles emerged in numbers and dates as follows: 


Of S. basilare Say., 4 emerged respectively on the following dates, 
March 23, April 6, May 1 and July 25; of A. egenus Gory., 3 emerged respectively 
on April 5, May 1 and July 1; of FE. dasycerus Say., 10 emerged between the 
dates April 21 and June 15; of L. alpha Say., 1 emerged on May 1; of L. fasci- 
_cularis Harr., 31 emerged between the dates April 12 and May 2; of L. variegatus 
Hald., 1 emerged on April 2; of N. erythrocephalus Fab., 2 emerged respectively 
on April 1 and May 13; of P. pallidum Say., 13 emerged between the dates of © 
April 16 and May 21. 


September, 1920 


aUt JHE CANADIAN FINLOMOLOGISL 


A! BIBLIOGRAPHY: (OF. THE<LITERAPURE? ON «THE #DESCRIBED 
TRANSFORMATIONS AND FOOD PLANTS OF NORTH 
AMERICAN. SPBELIES OF (AGRILUS (COL.); 


BY C. A. FROST AND H. B. WEISS.* 
New Brunswick, N. J. 


In 1900 Chittenden published a paper on the ‘‘Food Plants and Injury of 
North American Species of Agrilus,’’; in which 31 species were listed together 
with notes on food plants and injury. Since this paper, nothing of a similar 
nature has appeared, and during the period between 1900 and 1920 new species 
have been described and much additional biologic information on several 
economic species has accumulated The present paper, therefore, brings to- 
gether to date all of the references to the literature on the life-histories, habits 
and food plants of those of our North American species about which such in- 
formation is known, supplemented by very brief notes on the important economic 
ones. 

The habits of such species as vittaticollis Rand., bilineatus Web., anxius 
Gory, ruficollis Fab., and sinuatus Oliv., appear to be fairly well known, due 
undoubtedly to their activities as enemies of cultivated and forest trees and 
plants which necessitated studies. The habits of many other members of this 
extensive genus are less completely known and of a large number nothing what- 
ever concerning food plants, etc., appears to have been recorded. In the list 
which follows, references to the places of original description and geographical 
distribution have been omitted as such information can be found in Leng’s 
“List of the Coleoptera of North America.”’ 


List OF SPECIES AND REFERENCES. 
A. ferrisi Dury. 
Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 798, 1910. 
Dury, Ent. News XIX, p. 368, 1908. 
Occurs on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) in twigs of which the larve bore 
(Blatchley). Beaten from hackberry (Dury). 
A. difficilis Gory. 
, Chittenden, Bull. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900. 
Uhler, Proc. Acad. Phila., Vol. VII, p. 416, 1855. 
Obtained from a species of willow (Uhler). 
A. ruficollis Fab. 
Caesar, Ont. Ent. So. Rept. 42, p. 31, 1912. 
Chittenden, Bull. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 
* U.S. D.’A. Yearbook, pp. 726-733, 1902. 
Davis, Proc. Mich. Hort. Soc., pp. 78-83, 1894. 
Deans & Peairs, Kan. Agric. Educ., Vol. VI, 2, p. 112, 1913. 
Fuller, Amer. Ent., Vol. III, 1880. 
Felt, Bul. 37, N. Y. St. Miis., Vol: VIII, 1900. 
pik, 2000 N.. Ys ots Miss, 142-1900 7> 
Glover, Rept. U. S. Comm. Agric., pp. 65-91, 1870, 1871. 





*The arrangement of the authors’ names is alphabetical. 
1. Bull. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., pp. 64-68, 1900. 


September, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 205 


Gossard, Ohio Bul. 164, p. 24, 1905. 
” Ohio Bul. 233, p. 146, 1911. 

Haldeman, Amer. Quart. Jour. Agric. Sci., Vol. IV, 8, pp. 300-301, 1846. 
be Trans. N.Y. St. Agric. Soc., Vol: VI, p. 373, 1846. 

Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 364, 1895. 

Hitchings, Me. Ent. Rept. 5, p. 4, 1910. 

Hoffmeister, Ann. Rept. Iowa St. Hort. Soc., pp. 243-246, 1877. 

Hopkins, Ins. Life, Vol. III, pp. 19-20, 1890. 

4 Bul. 15, W. Va. Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 81-84, 1891. 
Le Baron, Prairie Farmer 22, Apl., Vol. 42, 1871. 
Lintner, Cultivator & Count. Gent. 1, Apl., p. 215, 1880. 
“6th Rept. Inj. Other Ins. N. Y., 1890. 
4, 10th Rept. Inj. Other. Ins. N. Y., 1895. 

Lugger, Ann. Rept. Min. ‘St. Hort. Soc., pp. 164-172, 1890. 
“Bul. 66, Min. Agric, Exp. Sta., pp. 85-331, 1899. 

Marten, Prairie Farmer 24, Dec., 1892. 

Nicholson, Okla. Bul. 69, p. 15, 1905. 

O'Kane, Inj. Ins., p. 244, 1914. 

Perkins, 4th Rept. Vermont Bd. Agric., pp. 128-139, 1877 

Pettit, Mich. Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Bul. 24, 1904. 

Riley, Amer. Ent., Vol. II, p. 128, 1870. 

»  a\iner, Ent, Vols Lil, (..s“Vols1) ips 407.1880: 

Sanderson, Ins. Pests, p. 466, 1912. 

Saunders, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., pp. 7-17, 1873. 

Sherman, Bul. N. C. St. Bd. Agric., Vol. XXIV, No. 6, 1903. 

Slingerland & Crosby, Man. Fruit Ins., p. 332, 1912. 

paren Ins. Life, Vol. IV, pp. 27-30, 1891. 

22nd Ann. Rept. Rae Soc. Ont., pp. 52254, 1891. 
“Spec. Bul. N., N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta., Nov., pp. 4-8, 1891. 
~~. tath Ann. Rept. N27) Aeric.cExp? Sta... 1892: 

“Ann: Rept. N. J. St. Bd. Agric., pp. 157-176, 1893. 

Somes, Mo. Fr. Exp. Sta. Bien. Rept., p. 15, 1913-1914. 

Walsh & Riley, Amer. Ent., Vol. II, 1869-1870. 

Washburn, 9th Rept. St. Ent. Minn., 1904. 

rs Minn. Circ. 29, 1914. 
Webster, Bul. 45, Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 151-217, 1893. 
a Ohio Farmer 3, May, p. 357, 1894. 

This is the common red-necked cane-borer of blackberry, dewberry and 
raspberry. The egg is inserted in the bark near the base of a leaf in the new 
growth and the larva burrows upward in the sapwood ‘going around the stem in 
a spiral course, thus girdling the cane and causing an irregular swelling or gall, 
varying from 1 to 3 inches in length, and bearing longitudinal slits or splittings. 
A. lateralis Say. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

On poplar sprouts (Blanchard). Beating Alnus incana (Frost). 

A. otiosus Say. 
Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 798, 1910. , 
Chittenden, Bul, 22, n,s., U, S. D, A., Div, Ent., p, 68, 1900. 


206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 364, 1895. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 8, 1920. 

' Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 367, 1890. 
Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 295, 1909. 


Occurs on foliage of oak and hickory (Blatchley). Breeds in hickory, oak, 
locust, etc., (Smith). Attacks maple, dogwood, redbud, hickory, black walnut 
(this may refer to juglandis Knull), and probably infests butternut, box-elder, 
oak and perhaps locust (Chittenden). Hickory is host: reared from dead 
branches of persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) (Knull). On Corylus americana 
leaves and oak leaves (Frost). 

A. juglandis Knull. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 8, 1920. 

Breeds in outer bark of living butternut (Juglans cinerea) (Knull). 
A. frosti Knull. 

From leaves of oak and hickory (Frost). 

A. defectus Lec. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 


Reared from dead branches of white oak (Quercus alba) (Knull). On oak 


leaves (Frost). 

A. crinicornis Horn. ° 
Frost, Can. Ent., Vol. XLVII, p. 144, 1915. 
On leaves of red raspberry (Frost). 

A. masculinus Horn. 

Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 799, 1910. , 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U. S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 

Stromberg, Can. Ent., Vol. XXVI, p. 36. 

On box-elder (Strombérg). On foliage of buckeye (Blatchley). Reared 
from sapwood of dead box-elder (Acer negundo) (Knull). On red oak leaves 
(Frost). 

A. arcuatus Say. 

Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 799, 1910. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 

Ruggles, 17th Rept. St. Ent. Minn., p. 15, 1918. 

Stromberg, Can. Ent., Vol. XXVI, p. 36. 

This species is the oak twig girdler. The egg is deposited on the side of 
the twig near the terminal bud, and the resulting larva encircles the twig beneath 
the bark, causing the death of the part beyond the burrows. The adults ‘feed 
on the foliage, eating out irregular patches near the edges of the leaves. 

Reared from girdled branches of beech (Fagus americana) and hickory 
(Hicoria ovata) (Knull). 

A. arcuatus var. coryli Horn. 

Blanchard, Ent. Amer. Vol. V, p. 32, 1889. 

Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 799, 1910. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900, 

Frost, Can. Ent., Vol. XLVIII., p. 386, 1916. 

Hamilton, Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., p. 364, 1895, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 207 


On hazel (Corylus americana) (Blanchard). On hazelnut (Blatchley). 
On Corylus americana and C. rostrata (Frost). 
A. arcuatus var. torquatus, Lec. 

Ruggles, 17th Rept. St. Ent. Minn., p. 15, 1918. 

The habits of this variety are similar to those of A. arcuatus. 
A. cupricollis Gory. 

Blatchley, Can. Ent., Vol. LI, p. 29, 1919. 

Occurs on huckleberry and other low shrubs (Blatchley). 

A. angelicus Horn. 
Rohwer, Proc.:-Ent. Soc: Wash., Vol. X XI, pp. 4-8, 1919. 
Infests Quercus agrifolia. 

A. champlaini Frost. 

Britton, Rept. Conn.-Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 291-296, 1912. 

Frost, Can. Ent., Vol. XLIV., p. 245, 1912. 

The larva of this species causes conspicuous swellings or galls on the branches 
of the hop hornbeam or ironwood (Ostrya virginica). 

A. townsendi Fall. 
Fall, Tr. Am. Ent..Soc., Vol. X XXIII, p. 234, 1907. 
Beaten from Quercus gambellit (Townsend). 
A. macer Lec. 
Chittenden, Bull. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 
Injurious to Celtis occidentalis in Texas (Schwarz). 
A. vittaticollis Rand. 
Austin, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. His., Vol. XVII, p. 276, 1875. 
_ Blanchard, Ent. Amer., Vol. V, p. 32, 1889. 

Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 800, 1910. 

Brooks, Jour. Agric. Res., Vol. III, 2, pp. 179-185, 1914. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

Hamilton, Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 364, 1895. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 

Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 295, 1909. 

This species, known as the apple root borer, has recently been investigated 
by Brooks. Eggs are glued to the trunk close to the ground and the larva bores 
directly through the bark to the cambium, and then through the cambium down 
the trunk to the ground and outward through a convenient root, finally entering 
the solid wood of the root where much feeding is done. 

Seems to live on shadberry (Amelanchier canadensis) (Austin). Feeding 
on leaves of thorn, shadbush and chokecherry (Blanchard). On leaves of 
Oxydendrum (Fiske). Larva attacks apple, pear, wild thorn, wild crab and 
service (Brooks). From leaves of Pyrus and Amelanchier (Frost). 

A. dozieri Fisher. 

Fisher, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., p. 67, 1918. 

On foliage of blue birch (Ostrya sp.) (Fisher). 
A. bilineatus Web. 

Anderson & Rankin, N. Y. Cornell Bul. 347, 586, 1914. 

Britton, Conn. Rept. 13, p. 250, 1914. 

Burgess, U. S. Farmers Bull. 564, p. 5, 1914. 

Burke, U.S, D. A. Year Book, p. 401, 1909. 


(To be continued.) 


208 THE CANADIAN. ENTOMOLOGIST 


Chapman, Jour. Agric. Res., Vol. III, 4, pp. 283-293, 1915. 
Chittenden, U.S. D. A., Div. Ent. Circ. 24, 2nd ser. pp. 1-8, 1897. 
< U.S. D. A., Div. Ent. Bul. 7, n.s., pp. 67-75, 1897. 
Pe U.S. D. A. Div. Ent. Bul. 22, 'n. s., -pp. 51-64, 1900. 
et U.S. D. A., Year Book, pp. 726-733, 1902. 
Felt, N. Y. St. Mus. Mem. 8, p. 280, 1905. 
“NOY. Rept..24; pists, 1912. 
-s Jour: Hconskneevols VITy pi 373191 
SN YY Repti2o, Omoe 5, « 

Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 364, 1895. 

Harrington, 27th Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 71, 1896. 

Hopkins, Ins. Life, Vol. VII, pp. 145-151, 1894. 

Di Can. Ent., Oct., pp. 243-250, 1896. 
a Proc. 19th Ann. Meet. Soc. Prom. Agric. Sci., pp. 103-108, 1898. 
a U.S. D. A., Div. Ent. Bull. 48, 1904. 

Hoewata. UU. 5. Ry Ents, pct sore: 

Johnson, Ann. Rept. Pa. Dept. Agric., pp. 8345-64, 1896. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 

Metcalf & Collins, U. S. Farmers’ Bul. 467, p. 10, 1911. 

Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 222, 1890. 

Ruggles,,15th Rept. St. Ent. Minn., p. 54, 1914. 

u 14th Rept. St. Ent. Minn., p. 55, 1911-1912. 

Smith, N. J. Rept., p. 348, 1910. 

=) SlasyN: psp. 295). 1909; 
Washburn, Minn. Rept. 14, p. 55, 1912. 
f U.S. D. A., Year Book, p. 515, 1906. 
* U.S. D. A., Year Book, pp. 574—578, 1908. 

The two-lined chestnut borer is known as a serious pest of chestnuts and 
oaks. Eggs are deposited in small clusters in bark crevices and the winding 
larval burrows are made in the wood and cambium layer, and occur on the 
tree from small branches less than an inch in diameter down to the roots. The 
adults usually eat around the margins of the leaves, but also tear off the epi- 
dermis and at times consume nearly the entire leaf, including the midrib. 


On trunk of dead white oak and red oak leaves (Frost). 


A. auroguttatus Schaef. 

Schaeffer, Brook. Inst. Mus. Sci. Bul. 1, 7, p. 149, 1905. 

Beating branches of black oak (Gchactten. 
A. granulatus Say. 

Blanchard, Ent. Amer., Vol. V, p. 32, 1889. 

Burrill, 12th Rept. St. Ent, Ill., pp. 121-122, 1883. 

Chittenden; Bul. 22) n.\s.,-UeS) Dt Aap. bank: por, 4000: 

Manee, Ent. News, Vol. XXIV, pp. 167-171, 1913. 

Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 448, 1890. 

Burrill states that the larva of this species makes tortuous galleries in nehe 
living tissue of the Lombardy poplar, these galleries running for the most 
part in irregularly horizontal directions across the grain of the wood, 


Swept from Salix leaves at Littleton, Col, (Frost). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 209 


A. pensus Horn. 
Frost, Can. Ent., Vol. XLVIT, p. 144, 1915. 
On leaves of Ostrya and beaten from Alnus incana (Frost). 
A. anxius Gory. 
Burke, U. S. D. A., Year Book, p. 403, 1909. 
Chamberlain, Sci. Amer. 20, Jan., p. 42, 1900. 
Chittenden, U.S. D. A., Div. Ent. Bul. 18, n.s., pp. 44-51, 1898. 
* U.S. D. A., Div. Ent. Bul, 22, n.s., pp. 64-68, 1900. 
" U. S. Fores. Ful. 46, pp. 63-80, 1904. 
Davis, Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. III, p. 184, 1910. 
‘* “Ins. Life, Vol. IV, p. 66 (torpidus). 
Felt, Count. Gentl. Dec. 15, p. 993, 1898. 
‘* N. Y. St. Mus. Bul., Vol. 8, No. 37, 1900. 
““ N. Y. St. Mus. Mem. 8, p. 284, 1905. 
a N.Y, Rept. 24, p.-98,' 1910. 
N. Y. Rept. 27, p. 108, 1912. 
“Gard. Mag. Feb., p. 36, 1912. 
N. Y. Rept. 28, p. 101, 1913. 
SNA Y.<St.. Mus.;Bul. 200, p: 49; 1917: 
Fernald, Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. V, p. 246, 1912. 
fe Mass. Rept. 24, I, p. 83, 1912. 
oe Mass. Rept. 25, II, p. 85, 1913. 
Forbes, Bul. 151, Ill. Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 515, 1911. 
) il Ent. Rept. 26% p.'53, 1911. 
Gibson, Ont. Ent. Soc. Rept. 40, p. 13, 1910. 
Hopkins, U.S. D. A., Div. Ent. Bul. 48, 1904. 
Houser, Bul. 332, Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 326, 1918. 
Hutchings, 9th Ann. Rept. Quebec Soc, Prot. Pl. p. 65, 70, 1916. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. X XXI, p. 10, 1920. 
Lochhead, Rept. Ont. Agric. Coll. & Exp. Farms, 1902. 
Ruggles, 14th Rept. St. Minn., p. 57, 1911, 1912. 
Sanders, Wis. Bul. 227, p. 22, 1912. 
Slingerland, Proc. West. N. Y. Hort. Soc., Apl., 1899. 
is N. Y. Cornell Bul. 234, 1906. 
Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 295, 1909. 
‘“ N. J. Rept., p. 415, 1909. 
 . NoJ. Rept., p. 348, 1910. 
Swaine, Ont. Ent. Soc. Rept. 43, p. 91, 1913. 
‘7th Ann. Rept. Quebec Soc. Prot. Pl., pp. 91-115, 1915. 
“Can. Fores. Jour., Vol. XIII, p. 1928, 1918. | 
Turner, Ga. Bd. Ent. Bul. 49, p. 28, 1918. 
Washburn, Minn. Rept. 12, p. 98, 1908. 
" Minn. Rept. 14, p. 57, 1912. 
Ucs. D. A.; Year Book, p. 550, 1907. 
~ U.S. D. A., Ycar Book, p. 578, 1908. 
Known as the bronze birch borer, this species is a serious pest of the birches. 
Eggs are deposited in crevices in the bark and the first tunnels constructed by 
the larve lie close under the bark. As feeding continues, the burrows are 


210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


extended without particular definiteness and extend deep into the wood or near 
the bark, and become much convoluted affairs. The result is a fatal girdling. 
Dark reddish-brown spots often form on the bark above where the tissue is 
riddled. Various species of birch are attacked. Mr. W. F. Turner records 
this species as infesting pecan. Burke states that it attacks poplars, cotton- 
woods, aspens and balm-of-gileads. Galls on branches of willow (Davis). 
On poplar leaves and ovipositing in trunk of living poplar (Frost). Where 
the references refer to birch and poplar, they are undoubtedly correct, but 
there is a possibility of anxius having been confused with other species where 
other food plants are mentioned. 


A. acutipennis Mann. 

Blanchard, Ent. Amer., Vol. V, p. 32, 1889. 

Blanchard, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVIII, p. 308. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900. 

On foliage of oak shrubs (Blanchard). On foliage of Corylus americana 
and red oak (Frost). 


A. auricomus Frost. 
Frost, Can: Ent.) Vol. XETV ,-p, 250, 1912; 


A. couesii Lec. 
Chittenden, Bul 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent.; p. 67, 1900. 
Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., p. 150, 1897. 
On Mentzelia nuda (Cockerell). 


A. pulchellus Blanch. 
Chittenden, Bul. 22,.n. s.; U.S..D. As, Div; Ent., p: 68, 1900. 
Breeds in roots of Erigeron (Hubbard & Schwarz). 


A. cephalicus Lec. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 
Reared from sapwood of dead dogwood (Cornus florida) (Knull). On 
leaves of Corylus americana (Frost). 
(To be continued.) 


DR. SEYMOUR HADWEN. 


It will be regretted by many Entomologists and others throughout Canada 
that Dr. Seymour Hadwen, Pathologist of the Health of Animals Branch, 
Dominion Department of Agriculture, tendered his resignation and left Ottawa 
about the middle of June. He is to be congratulated, however, on being 
appointed Chief Pathologist of the United States Biological Survey. Dr. 
Hadwen, accompanied by Dr. Nelson, Chief of the Biological Survey, sailed / 
for Alaska, from Seattle, on July Ist, to undertake a series of studies on the 
diseases affecting the reindeer and caribou. Dr. Hawden will have several 
technical assistants with him, and a complete laboratory outfit from Washing- 
ton accompanied the party. Their headquarters will be about one hundred 
miles inland from’ Nome.—Adapted from the ‘‘Entomological Branch News 
Letter.”’ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 211 


NEW COLEOPTERA. IX. 


BY H. C. FALL, 
Tyngsboro, Mass. 


OMOPHRON Lat. 
O. decoloratum, sp. nov. 


Broadly oval, form nearly as in robustum, size a little larger than the latter, 
color above testaceous, beneath brown fading to yellow at the margins; mark- 
ings similar in form and position to those of robustum except that the transverse 
frontal plaga is not produced forward at middle, the sutural stripe is not dilated 
before the apex, and they are throughout of a pale brownish tint, without trace 
of metallic lustre. The surface throughout is polished and strongly shining, 
the elytral striae fine, entire and set with rather distant punctures. 

Length 6.7 to 6.9 mm.; width 4.5 to 4.6 mm. 

Described from three examples bearing label Gray Co., Kansas, July 9-15, 
1917. Specimens were sent me by Mr. W. Knaus, who received them from the 
University of Kansas. The type is a female. 

This species falls with pallidum and robustum by Casey’s table.* Pallidum 
differs distinctly by its smaller size and dull alutaceous lustre, in which it re- 
sembles gile. Decoloratum is more nearly allied to robustum, but the pale, 
washed-out ‘and rather small and indefinite markings, which are not at all due 
to immaturity, readily distinguish it. . 

In the Canadian Entomologist—1909, p. 276—Casey describes O. brevipenne 
from Ohio specimens. As its author remarks, this is the species which generally 
goes as robustum in collections. A careful comparison of Ohio specimens with 
the type of robustum shows them to be practically identical in all respects. 
The unique type of robustum was described as coming from Nova Scotia, but so 
far as I know no other specimens have been taken in that region, and I very 
much doubt the correctness of the locality; in any case it is antes certain that 
the Ohio specimens are the same thing. 


HETEROCERUS Fab. 

Among a lot of miscellaneous Manitoban things recently sent for deter- 
mination by Messrs. Wallis and Criddle, I find two undescribed species of this 
genus. It is especially noteworthy that both belong to the subgenus Littorimus, 
of which Horn recognized but a single representative in his Synopsis of the North 
American species. Opportunity is taken to make known two other unde- 
scribed species, one of them a Littorimus, which have stood in my collection for 
many years. 

H. minutus, sp. nov. 

Very small; entire body and appendages testaceous, the head sometimes 
feebly infuscate; pubescence short, pale, marginal fringe short.. Head and 
thorax densely, very finely punctate; elytra finely punctate, the punctures 
separated by about their own diameters, the interspaces excessively minutely 
punctulate. Prothorax (oc) strongly transverse, evidently wider than the 
elytra, sides moderately arcuate, not narrowed in front, with the usual apical 
and basal constrictions, base not visibly margined. Elytra without trace of 
strie, but with a broad sulcus extending tending backward from the intrahumeral 


*Coleopt. Notices VII, p. 301. 
September, 1920 


212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


impression, becoming gradually evanescent behind the middle. Metasternum 
without mesocoxal line, epipleurze without raised line at base. 

Length 1.6 mm. 

Luling, Texas, three examples taken by the writer July 4-6, 1893. Two 
of the three specimens are quite surely males, judging from the broad parallel- 
sided prothorax; the third has the thorax equal in width to the elytra, but is 
scarcely more narrowed in front than in the other two; it may be a female. 
The type is a male. 

This minute species is obviously closely related to pusillus but the size is 
conspicuously smaller, the base of the thorax is unmargined, and the male 
shows no trace of the mandibular lobe which is characteristic of pusillus. Horn 
describes pusillus as having the mesocoxal line, but says it is indistinct. There 
is absolutely no trace of the line in any one of my specimens. 


H. mundulus, sp. nov. 


Pale flavo-testaceous throughout, elytra with a small, vague fuscous shade 
behind the scutellum, the labrum ‘also more or less infuscate; pubescence fine 
short, concolorous, the marginal fringe inconspicuous; entire upper surface very 
finely densely punctulate. Prothorax moderately transverse, equal in width 
to the elytra (co) or slightly wider (¢), with the sides feebly arcuate and sub- 
parallel, basal sinuation not distinctly margined. Elytra without strie. Body 
beneath finely densely punctulate, metasternum often a little infuscate. Meso- 
coxal line indistinct but usually traceable, no epipleural line; stridulating ridge 
of first ventral segment complete. 

Length 2.6—2.9 mm. 

El Paso, Texas. Nov. 13, 1889. Twelve examples. 

This pallid little species together with the much larger H. pallidus were 
seen in abundance on the wing just before sunset in the dry, sandy bed of the 
Rio Grande on the above-mentioned date. It is only recently that I have dis- 
covered the species to be a Littorimus. There is very little difference in the form 
of the thorax in the specimens before me, and I feel somewhat uncertain as to 
the sexes. In one or two the thorax and head seem slightly larger than the 
rest, and it is probable that these are males. The metasternal intercoxal process 
is barely as wide as the coxal width in this species, much narrower than in the 
other species of Littorimus. 


H. moleculus, sp. nov. 

Form oblong, obtuse at the extremities, as in auromicans; colour piceous, 
sides and median line of prothorax obscure testaceous, elytra with irregular, 
often interrupted pale fasciee of the usual type, which vary greatly in develop- 
ment; pubescence very fine, short, yellowish and recurved on the elytra, darker 
and erect on the prothorax, margin not fimbriate with longer hairs. Head and 
thorax densely minutely punctulate, elytra with a dual punctuation consisting 
of relatively coarse punctures separated by their own diameters on the average, 
the interspaces very minutely punctulate. Prothorax nearly twice as wide as 
long, as wide as the elytra in the female, just perceptibly wider in the male, 
sides nearly parallel, feebly narrowed apically, sides of base a little oblique, and 
very distinctly margined. Elytra not at all striate. Body beneath piceous, 
legs, tip of prosternal lobe, pro- and epipleure and margins of ventral seg- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 213 


ments testaceous; mesocoxal and epipleural lines present; stridulating ridge 
of first ventral entire. 

Length 2.2—2.4 mm. 

The type bears label ‘“Aweme, Man. 3-IX—1917, M. Criddle.’’ Other 
examples from Mr. Criddle and Mr. Wallis from same locality bear date 15-VII. 

This very small species resembles considerably, in miniature awromicans, 
but aside from the size differs in its somewhat finer pubescence and in the charac- 
ter of the elytral punctuation. In auromicans the elytral punctures are sensibly 
equal in size throughout and finer than the coarser punctures of moleculus. 
The pale elytral markings in moleculus are usually broader and more confluent, 
such that frequently they might better be described as testaceous, with base 
and some detached spots piceous. 


H. canadensis, sp. nov. 


Similar to the preceding species, except as follows: Size larger, length 3.3 
mm., colour piceous except for two narrow sinuous elytral fascize and small 
subapical spot; the propleura and sides of ventral segments obscurely paler; 
legs entirely dark; pubescence longer, the recurved hairs of the elytra mixed 
abundantly throughout with short erect hairs; margins of prothorax and elytra 
distinctly fimbriate. The very fine interstitial punctures of the elytra are 
fewer and less evident and the larger punctures more conspicuous than in 
moleculus. . 

Described from a single female specimen taken at Thornhill, Manitoba, 
I-VII-16 by Mr. J. B. Wallis. Type in my collection. 

The four species of the subgenus Littorimus now known to me may be easily 
separated by the following table: 

Colour pale testaceous without markings; middle coxe separated by a 
distance subequal in width to that of the coxa; base of thorax not margined at 

sides; epipleuree without oblique raised line at base; length 
eee ere rect Aas Wet ee a ot eadrisers 2 ee Ga ke mundulus. 
Colour piceous; elytra fasciate; middle cox separated by a distance dis- 
tinctly greater than the width of the coxa; base of thorax very distinctly 
margined at sides; epipleural line present. 
Margins of body distinctly fimbriate with longer hairs; elytra with 
abundant intermixed short erect hairs; legs dark; length 
ia ely Beep aetee dei FER CURE AMIN I CoS etter OR mee AR eeOmEe RO: & Breere Laat canadensis. 
Margins of body not fringed with notably longer hairs; elytral pubescence 
recurved or recumbent; legs entirely or in great part pale. 
Size very small (about 2.3 mm.) elytral punctuation dual....moleculus. 
Size much larger (3. to 4. mm.) elytral punctures nearly uniform in 
a SEN Ba ie REAR DSRS TES Weak Pr MERAEE CO) CEE AOR Te bt: Meme. auromicans. 


OLIGOMERODES Fall. 


QO, delicatulus,, sp. nov. 


Form narrow, cylindrical, body piceous, clothed with short ashy appressed 
pubescence, legs and antenne brown. Antenne (0) very slender, nearly as 
long as the entire body, first joint relatively stout, arcuately subcylindrical, 
about twice as long as wide, joint 2 obconic, half as long as the first, 3-8 narrower 


214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


and of equal width, not in the least serrate, 3-5 decreasing in length, 3 a little 
longer than wide, 5 wider than long, 6-8 strongly transverse and compactly 
joined, 9-11 extremely slender and elongate, 9 about 6 times as long as wide 
and fully as long as the preceding joints combined, 10 a little longer and feebly 
arcuate throughout its length, 11 straight, still longer, 9-11 combined nearly 
as long as the elytra. Head deflexed, finely sparsely punctate; eyes round, 
prominent. Prothorax about as wide as long, convex, disk a little gibbous 
profile, side margins narrowly flattened, subparallel medially, narrowed a little an- 
teriorly posteriorly sinuately curved into the rounded base, the edge finely serrulate 
anteriorly, surface finely, not closely punctate. Elytra scarcely wider at base than 
the prothorax, 2!/, ttmes as long as wide, disk with feebly impressed rows of 
fine punctures, the strie a little deeper at sides. Legs, especially the tibie 
and tarsi, very slender, basal joint of hind tarsus scarcely as long as the next 
two, fourth tarsal joint not perceptably emarginate. 


Length 2.85 mm.; width .9 mm. 


Described from a single male specimen taken at San Diego, California, 
7-16-1909, by Mr. George H. Field. 


Although very different in facies from the two known species of this genus, 
because of the smaller size and more slender build, there is really little upon 
which to found a new genus, the most conspicuous feature being the extreme 
length of the three outer joints of the male antennae. In this connection it 
should be remembered that there aré numbrous instances of marked variation 
in antennal structure within géneric limits in this family, and in the genus 
Oligomerodes the two known species differ appreciably in this respect, the 
antenne in cataline vary considerably from occidentalis in the direction of the 
present species. 


HADROBREGMUS Thoms. 
H. subconnatus, sp. nov. 


Elongate, parallel, moderately convex, brown, opaque, with short, fine, 
sparse yellowish appressed pubescence. Second and third joints of antenne 
smallest, the latter narrower, joints 4-8 subequal, not quite as wide as long, 
9-11 subequal to all the preceding in the male, joint 9 about 2!/, times as long 
as wide and a little longer than the two preceding, joint 10 similar to 9 but 
scarcely as long, 11 three times as long as wide. In the female joints 9-11 
are a little shorter than all those preceding, 9 and 10 each scarcely twice as long 
as wide. Prothorax, when viewed at right angles to the plane of its side margins, 
is obviously though not greatly wider than long, suboctagonal in outline, sides 
straight and nearly parallel medially, obliquely narrowed before and behind, 
the posterior obliquity sinuate, hind margin evenly arcuate, front margin with 
a short, feeble median sinuation; surface, like that of the head, finely rugulose 
and feebly granulose; front angles, posterior margin and median line impressed. 
Elytra slightly wider at base than the prothorax, sides feebly sinuate before 
the middle, slightly dilated posteriorly, apex rather narrowly truncate; disk 
punctate-striate, the interspaces finely rugulose, subequal in width to the stria, 
nearly flat toward the suture, a little convex laterally. Body beneath alutaceous 
and minutely punctulate; ventral segments subconnate at middle, first segment 
short, 2-4 subequal, 5 longer; last two ventral sutures anteriorly arcuate, the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 215. 


last more distinctly so. Tarsi slender, basal joint slightly shorter than the 
two following united, 2-4 subequal, 5 a little longer. 

Length 3.25 to 4.5 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.9 mm. 

Described from a series ot six specimens sent me by Mr. Norman Griddle, 
who took them at Aweme, Manitoba, 7-VI-1919, in rotten spruce. The type 
is a male in my own collection; paratypes in Mr. Criddle’s collection, these 
probably to be deposited in the national collection at Ottawa. ty 

Because of the partially connate ventral segments, the present species 
cannot with strict propriety be referred to Hadrobregmus, in which the ventral 
segments are perfectly free. Furthermore, the prothorax lacks the postmedian 
dorsal compression or gibbosity common in varying degree to all species of. 
Hadrobregmus, and presents somewhat the aspect of a Coelostethus, so that 
strictly speaking, it would occupy a place between these two genera, under a 
new generic title; but since in all other essentials it is in close accord with Had- 
robregmus, I prefer for the present to leave it there, placing it at the end of the 
genus. 


A NEW CALIFORNIA METHIA. 


BY J. O. MARTIN, 
Berkeley, California. 


The genus Methia is so sparsely represented in the eallenuane of Calicoraaa 
coleopterists and in fact in most collections elsewhere, that I am going to sub- 
mit the following description of an unique example which appears to differ from 
any of the yet described species. The specimen on which the following de- 
scription is based was taken by myself on the desert side of the San Bernardino 
mountains near Hesperia at the junction of Deep Creek with the Mojave River.’ 
It came to my camp light just after a thunder storm. 


Methia falli, sp. nov. 


Body varying in colour from rufo-castaneous on the head to piceous on the 
abdominal segments; moderately to sparsely covered with pale yellowish 
pubescence. Head rufo-castaneous, markedly darker than the disc of the 
prothorax; front granulose punctate; occiput shining and coarsely variolately 
punctate, punctures extending more sparsely along the caudal margin of neck, 
which is shining, and behind the lower lobe of the eye strigose. Eyes large, 
separated above by about the width of the third antennal joint, deeply emargin- 
ate, the upper and lower lobes connected by but two rows of facets. 

Antenne one-half longer than body, rufo-testaceous, gradually. slightly 
darker toward tip; pubescence erect on basal joints becoming decumbent to- 
ward the tip; joints three to eleven gradually decreasing in length. | Prothorax 
rufo-castaneous, granulate, moderately constricted at base and apex, sides 
broadly and evenly rounded. Elytra three-fourths the length of. abdomen; 
lighter in colour than the prothorax, vaguely clouded with black on basal third, 
more strongly so at the evenly rounded tips; surface granular, dull; bicarinate, 
the carine not meeting and extending but two-thirds of length. 

Legs of same colour as elytra. Abdomen nigro-piceous, evenly, sparsely, 


coarsely punctured. Length 7 mm. 
September, 1920 j : 


216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


“1° The above like aestiva Fall, has the second antennal joint visible but very 
small. 


_ Falli is more nearly like aestiva Fall, than any of the other species of this 
genus, but differs from it in its darker colour and smaller size; in having the 
eyes more widely separated on the vertex and the upper lobe of the eye more 
flattened; also in the possession of the punctured area on the occiput, and the 
more evenly and broadly rounded outline of the lateral prothoracic profile. 
In aestiva there is a pronounced tooth at the tip of the basal joint of the antenne 
which is lacking in falli. Type in my own collection. 


| take pleasure in naming this species for my friend Mr. H. C. Fall, whose 
help and kindness has been an inspiration in much of my entomological work. 


pes om UROCERUS FLAVICORNIS, FABRICIUS. 


This species, which is very similar to the European Urocerous gigas Linn., 
ranges over all parts of Canada. There are the following records of its 
occurrence, based for the most part upon the work of Bradley and Kirby. It 
is found from Siberia and Alaska, south along the Pacific Coast to British 
Columbia, Oregon and along the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New 
Mexico, and even Mexico; is unknown from California, and in Colorado, Utah. 
Arizona'and New Mexico is confined to high altitudes. The single record 
from Nebraska is undoubtedly based upon an individual carried into the State 
as a larva or pupa in lumber shipped from the Canadian or Hudsonian life 
zone. ‘This is not different from the record from England upon which 
Stephens based his species, bizonatus. In the east this species extends south 
from Keewatin through Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern New 
York, New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Specimens have been reported 
from the Adirondacks, Ithaca, White Mountains, and a small male from Con- 
necticut. Provancher records the species from Canada, presumably Quebec. 
In the central region it has been reported from Cape Krusenstern, Arctic 
Regions, Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River and 
Mackenzie River. I am writing the above to bring the records of distribution 
together and to record a specimen received from Mr. F. Johansen, which was 
collected by the Rev. I. O. Stringer along the Mackenzie River in 1896. This 
specimen comes from the Royal Ontario Museum of Toronto. 


ALEX. D. MACGILLVRAY. 


“In the Royal Ontario Museum there are specimens of Urocerus flavcornis 
also from Spruce Brook, Nfld.; Godbout, Que., and Edmonton, Alta. The 
specimens from the last-named locality were taken by Mr. F.S. Carr, the 
others .by the writer. The species was apparently common at Godbout, on 
the north shore of the lower St. Lawrence, near the Gulf. 


E. M. WALKER. 


Mailed eptember Ist, 1920, 


—_——- - 


Che Canadian Cutomolagist 


Won. LBL. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1920. No. § 














POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
SoME WINTER INSECT LIFE. 


BY RALPH HOPPING, 
Vernon, B. C. 


The cabin was a ranger station in the foothills of the Sierras, five miles from 
a small town called Dunlop, in Fresno County, California. In August the 
hillside close to the northern side of the cabin was dry, the grass was yellow, 
and even the brush a few rods away had a parched look. No insect life stirred 
in the dry, hot atmosphere. The winter rains, however, changed all this. By 
February everything was transformed. The hillside close to the cabin was 
green and numerous flowers were beginning to bloom everywhere. A great 
many insect holes appeared among the grass stems. These were of various 
shapes and sizes. The ranger, who was also an entomologist, was curious. 
So one Sunday, assisted by his deputy, an investigation began. Ant hills were 
common. The unknown possesses a lure much greater than the known. We 
merely noted that two species had homes on the hillside. Four other varieties 
of freshly-made holes invited our attention. Two were about three-eighths 
of an inch across with ant-like mounds around the entrance. The earth pellets, 
however, were of two kinds, one fine and granular, the other conglomerate, 
irregular masses composed of twelve to twenty grains of earth. The former 
proved to be a spider. Spiders are ‘“‘common’’ to a coleopterist. We were not 
interested. The latter type of hole, however, produced a female Bradycinetus 
horni, Rivers. The next hole produced a male. Once we found the male 
and female in the same hole. In all we collected thirty-two specimens in holes 
of varying depths of from six to twelve inches. This is a rare species. We 
almost forgot the other holes, one of which was a horizontal slit in the hillside 
about three-eighths of an inch high and one and a fourth to one and a half 
inches in length. On the lower edge extended the ‘‘dump”’ of fine particles of 
earth, much like that at the mouth of a mining tunnel. These slits were not few. 
They existed in hundreds. Exploring the mountainside in all directions gave 
the same result. They were everywhere. The burrows extended horizontally 
an inch or two, and then perpendicularly for about eight inches. We explored 
half a dozen and each gave up a nice, fat blue-black scorpion. Thousands in 
our dooryard and we had lived there two years and had not-seen them! We 
still had one other variety of hole. This was larger than any we had explored, 
about an inch across. One to one and a half inches below the surface the hole 
was plugged with earth. This plug was one to two inches thick. Below was 
an opening, a hole somewhat larger in diameter than the portion above the 
plug. We followed the hole down twenty-eight inches and found a round, fat, 
female Pleocoma fimbriata, Lec. She was reddish in colour, shiny, and lay on 
her back feebly waving her legs. That day we dug twenty-four from a varying 


217 


218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


depth of eighteen to thirty inches. Always these holes were in the red soil. 
Suddenly I realized why I found so many holes in this red soil dug by foxes: 
“Mrs. Pleocoma”’ undoubtedly made a fine part of ““Mr. Fox’s’”’ meal. 

Many times I had caught the males of this species, a black, shiny beetle 
about one-half the size of the female, flying in the dusk during a slight drizzle. 
The females seldom if ever come out of the ground, the males only during 
the winter months or wet season. At such times the air was full of them, ap- 
pearing like swarms of bees. But let the drizzle stop or let it actually begin 
to rain and, presto! they were gone. They only fly in the winter months after 
the first few soaking rains. This general habit of flying only in the winter and 
during a fine drizzle at dusk is common not only to Pleocoma fimbriata but to 
Pleocoma behrensi1, Lec. and to Pleocoma hopping: Fall, and probably to all the 
Pleocomas. 

The underground life is all around us, but few of us know anything about 
it. We have eyes but we do not see. 





ALBERTAN COLEOPTERA. 
BY F. S. CARR, 
Edmonton, Alberta. 
Cicindela repanda edmontonensis, new variety. 


Type to be deposited in the National Collection at Ottawa, labeled Edmon- 
ton, Alta. 21—VIII—19; F. S. Carr, collector; female. 

Length 12.75 mm. The colour is dark brown with narrow elytral markings; 
the humeral and apical lunules are widely separated from the side margin, the 
dot of the oblique line being broken off that line. The humeral angles of the 
thorax are cupreous and the sulci blue, the blue fading out where the sulci join 
the median line. The under surface of the thorax is bright cupreous and of 
the abdomen shining green, the under surface being covered with long white 
pubescence. 

The head is much narrower than the thorax, coarsely strigose, and with 
the front sparsely hairy. The elytra are punctate, each puncture having a 
shining granule. 

This variety is another in that complex centering about repanda De}., 
a complex characterized by a development of colour pattern along two directions. 
In one the elytral markings become heavier and more crowded, producing bucolica 
Csy. and unijuncta Csy.; in the other the markings become fainter, producing 
edmontonensis Carr and hudsonica Csy. All five varieties have been taken on 
the banks of the Saskatchewan River at Edmonton, bucolica and unijuncta 
being the most abundant. 

Diplochila undulata, new species. 

Type to be deposited in the National Collection at Ottawa, labeled 10-V-19, 
Edmonton, Alta.; collected by F. S. Carr; male. . 

The head is black, the palpi and antennz piceous, the palpi being testaceous 
at the ends. The thorax is much wider than long, wider at the base than at 
the apex, widest at the anterior third. The posterior angles are obtuse, the 
basal impressions single, deep, linear, the median impression defined medially 


but obsolete anteriorly and posteriorly. The thorax is smooth. The elytra 
October, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 219 


are the same width at the base as the thorax, then widen out to the anterior 
sixth, then run parallel to the posterior fourth, from which the sides curve to 
the suture, the apex being sinuate. The intervals are interrupted by shallow 
transverse wrinkles most deeply incised where the intervals dip to the striz; 
the strize possess traces of punctures at rare intervals; the seventh stria is almost 
obsolete. 

Length 13 mm. 

This species is described from a series of six specimens all taken at Edmon- 
ton. The writer had for comparison a series of obtusa Lec., one from Edmonton 
and three from Mr. Chagnon, Montreal. From obtusa it is easily distinguished 
by its size and the appearance of the elytra, which somewhat resemble those of 
Amara interstitialis De}. 


Chlaenius frostii, new species. 

The type is to be deposited in the National Collection at Ottawa, labeled 
11-V-18, Edmonton, Alta.; collected by F. S. Carr; male. 

Length 9 mm. The colour is black beneath, slightly violaceous above, 
darker on the head and thorax, polished and shining. The antenne are piceous 
with the first joint pale, the palpi are black with the tip almost white, the terminal 
joint being dilated and truncate. The labial palpi are more dilated than the 
maxillary palpi. The head is smooth. The thorax is widest at the base gradu- 
ally becoming narrower towards the apex, the base of the thorax and the elytra 
being the same width. The anterior angles are broadly rounded, the posterior 
obtuse. The impressions are double, wide, shallow and punctured coarsely, 
the punctures being separated by their own diameter. The median impression 
is defined as a narrow impressed line fading out anteriorly and posteriorly and 
bordered on each side by a row of punctures. The remainder of the surface 
is sparsely punctured with the exception of the base, which is punctured like 
the impressions. 

The basal line of the elytra meets the lateral line at an angle. The striz 
are clearly impressed and punctured and are wide apart, the intervals being 
flat and shining. The punctures of the intervals are coarse, being about 3!/ 
punctures to the greatest width of any interval, and occurring in lines arranged 
more or less transversely. The punctures on the first interval are at most in 
two rows. The scutellar stria is short and deeply impressed. The abdomen 
is coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate and sparsely pubescent with short, 
yellow pubescence. The prosternum is coarsely and sparsely punctate; the 
mesosternal episternum and the metasternum are cribrate. 

The describer has given this species the name frostit as an indication that 
he appreciates the great amount of assistance given him by Mr. C. A. Frost. 
In connection with this species Mr. Frost kindly loaned a specimen of pur- 
puricollis Rand, that had been compared with the material in the Leconte and 
Harris collections. 

This species is most closely related to purpuricollis. It is most readily 
distinguished by the following table: 

frost . pur puricollis 
elytra shining ‘ elytra opaque from small, transverse lines. 
punctures coarse punctures small 


220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


This species is described from a series of five, all taken in the Edmonton 
district. 

Elleschus borealis, new species. 

The type will be deposited in the National Collection at Ottawa. It is 
labeled 24-V-19; Edmonton, Alta.; collected by F. S. Carr. 

Length2.8mm. The colour is red, the eyes alone being black, and is covered 
with white pubescence except for a denuded area behind the middle, stretching 
from the second interval to the margin and back to the top of the declivity. 
The beak is shining, shorter than the head and thorax, punctate, the punctures 
being coarse and well separated; the second joint of the antenne is longer than 
the third, the median line on the thorax is raised in the middle only, the 
pubescence diverging from it to the sides, which are rounded. It is widest at 
the anterior third. The elytral stria are finely impressed and punctate with 
coarse punctures closely placed. 

This species seems to be closely allied to bipunctatus Linn., but is dis- 
tinguished by its colour. It has been described from a large series taken on 
willow. 

ADDENDUM. 

Mr. F. A. Sherriff has kindly sent a specimen of Chlaenius purpuricollis 
Rand. This was received since the descriptions were prepared. It agrees 
with the specimen loaned by Mr. Frost. This specimen was also taken in Mass. 


A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LITERATURE ON THE DESCRIBED 
TRANSFORMATIONS AND, FOOD PLANTS OF NORTH 
AMERICA SPECIES OF AGRILUS (COL.). 

BY GCA. HROSDLAND HB WEISS: 

New Brunswick, N. J. 


(Continued from page 210.) 





A. politus Say. 
Blatchley, Col. Ind. p. 801, 1910. 
Chittenden, Bul 22, n.s.,,U. S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 
Childs, Mo. Bul. Cal. Hort. Comm., Vol III, pp. 150-155, 1914. 
Felt, N. Y. St. Mus. Bul. 200, p. 37, 135, 1917. 
Frost, Can. Ent., Nov., p. 386, 1916. 
Hamilton, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 364, 1895. 
Hopkins, Bul. 32, W. Va. Agric. Exp. Sta:,p. 184. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 
Lugger, Psyche, Vol. IV, p. 203, 1884. 
Manee, Ent. News, Vol. XXIV, pp. 167-171, 1913. 
Smith, Ins) N:J:,.p,. 295, 1909: 


This species is known as the oak twig-girdler. Spiral shaped burrows are 
made in the soft-growing tissues of the twig, and encircle it from four to seven 
times (Childs). Infests green bark on living willow trees (Hopkins). Common 
on Salix obtusifolia (Hamilton). On willow (Manee) (Blanchard). On hazel 
(Bruner). On Salix and Corylus americana and C. rostrata leaves (Frost). On 
oak and willow (Blatchley) (Smith). Breeds in living willow and _ striped 
maple (Acer pennsylvanicum) (Knull). Forms galls on twigs of white thorn 
(Crategus) (Felt). 


October, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ray 


i 
t= 


A. burkei Fisher. 

Fisher, Can. Ent., Vol. 49, p. 287, 1917: 

Larva mines inner bark and wood of normal, injured and dying white 
alder (Alnus rhombifolia) and paper-leaf alder (A. tenwifolia) (Fisher). 


A. viridis L. var. fagi Ratz. 

Weiss, Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. VII, p. 438, 1914. 

Weiss, Ent. News, Vol. XX VII, p. 426. 

The larva of this species works in the stems of roses, making a spiral band 
of channels and causing a swelling or gall over the infested part. Theobald 
states that viridis attacks beech, alder, birch, aspen, oak. 


A. sinuatus Oliv. 

Banks: U:'S;-D., Ag, DiveEnt., Bul. 34, n: s:, 1902. 

Beach, Lowe, Stew ua Pool 100s Nei ¥> Necte Exp. Sta., pp. 381- 445, 1899, 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

Felt, Proc. 24th An. Meet. Soc. Prom. Agric. Sci., pp. 39-48, 1903. 

=e olst Ann. Rept. St. Ent, N.Y.jp. 78,2915. 
Seoul. 200, N.Y. St.. Mus.j-p..134,, 1917. 

Howard, Ins. Life,-Vol. VII, pp. 258-260, 1894. 

Lugger, Bull. 66, Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 85-331, 1899. 

Parrott & Glasgow, N. Y. Sta. Circ. 44, 1915. 

Slingerland & Crosby, Man. Fr. Ins., p. 230, 1914. 

Smith, Ins. Life, Vol. VII, p. 189. 

‘Ins. Life, Vol. VII, pp. 258-260. 

“Garden & Forest, pp. 373-374, 1894. 

‘Garden & Forest, Be 448, 1894. 

‘“ 15th Ann. Rept. N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 423-600, 1894. 

Peer. AOTC. 26c) alls, ps8, L895. 

7) burke tOOeIN.. | .7"Agric. Exp; Sta., 1895. 

“An. Rept. N. J. Agric: Exp. Sta., pp. 365-526, 1895. 

‘ON. J. Ent. Rept., 1900. 

1. ON Exe. Sta Bul> 55,1902: 

oo MN. Bate Rept: 190r. 

2 das. Niobe 295, 1908: 

eh Nal PaeOeCS 28, 

IN. |, Bd. Agr. Rept. 377 piadssy1910., 
Webster, Bul. 77, Ohio: Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 33-52, 1897. 
Weiss, Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. VII, p. 251, 1914. 

AN. Jv Dept: Agr Circ. 24; p. 5, 1918. 

This species is the sinuate pear borer. Eggs are deposited in crevices and 
under flakes of bark, and the resulting slender, whitish larvee construct narrow 
winding burrows in the sap wood, the courses of these channels being indi- 
cated exteriorly by the discoloured and abnormal bark over them. On young 
trees this discoloured bark splits or raises into a welt. y 


A. fallax Say. 


Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 802, 1910. 
Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900. 


222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Hopkins, Bul. 32, W. Va..Agric. Exp. Sta.,,p. 184. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XXXI, p. 10, 1920. 

Stromberg, Can. Ent., Vol. X XVI, p. 36. 

Occurs on locust and oak (Blatchley). Adults reared from dead branches 
of honey locust (G. triacanthos) (Kirk). Beaten from oak (Stromberg). Habits 
similar to those of egenus (Chittenden). Infests bark and wood of dying branches 
of hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) (Hopkins). Reared from honey locust (Fisher). 
A. crataegi Frost. 

Frost, Can. Ent. VolvMElyV, p:.247, 1982: 

Bred from dead, fallen, trunk of Crataegus (Fisher & Kirk). Beaten from — 
Crategus (Liljeblad). 

A. obsoletoguttatus Gory. 

Blanchard, Ent. Amer., Vol. IV, p. 32 (interruptus). 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900 (interruptus). 

Harrington, 27th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 71, 1896 (interruptus). 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 10, 1920. 

Stromberg, Can. Ent., Vol. X XVI, p. 36. 

Reared from dead branches of beech (Fagus americana), blue beech (Car- 
pinus caroliniana), ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), red oak (Quercus rubra), and 
hickory (Knull). Probably breeds in oak (Blanchard). On oak (Chittenden). 
Found on beech, birch and hickory (Harringtom). On red and laurel oaks 
(Stromberg). On red oak leaves (Frost). On dead beech (Morris) 
A. scitulus Horn. 1 

Chittenden; Bul; 22, n/s.° U.S: :D. A. Div Ent. p. 68;/1900: 

Reared from huisache (Schwarz). | 
A. ornatulus Horn. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22) -n.is., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68; 1900. 

Breeds in huisache (Acacia farnesiana) (Schwarz). 

A. subcinctus Gory. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 11, 1920. 
On poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron) (Wenzel). 
A. abstersus Horn. 

Chittenden; ‘Bul’, 22) ns, U.S:-D. ‘As, Div, Entsap. 64, 2900. 

Reared from twigs of Acacia greggii (Hubbard & Schwarz). 
A. lecontei Saund. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U. S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XXXI, p..11, 1920. 

Lugger, Psyche, Vol. IV, p. 203, 1884: 

Stromberg, Can. Ent., Vol. XXVI, p. 36. : 

Breeds in dead wood of hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) (Xnull). On hack- 
berry (Chittenden), (Schwarz), (Stromberg). 

A. abductus Horn. 
Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.'s:, U. S.:D..A., Div. Ents; p. 67, 1900. 
On Quercus arizonica (Hubbard & Schwarz). 

A. palmacollis Horn. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U. S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

Reared from twigs and branches of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and huisache 
(Acacia farnesiana) (Schwarz). 


. 
, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 223 


A. felix Horn. 
Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900. 
Reared from Parkinsonia microphylla (Hubbard & Schwarz). 


A. impexus Horn. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 68, 1900. 

Stromberg, Can. Ent., Vol. XXVI, p. 36. 

Occurs on the two locusts Gleditschia triacanthos and Robinia pseudacacia 
(Stromberg). 


A. floridanus Crotch. 

Blatchley, Can. Ent., Vol. LI, p. 29, 1919. 

Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900. 

On Quercus (Schwarz). Swept from huckleberry and other low shrubs 
(Blatchley). 


A. addendus Crotch. 
Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 804, 1910. 
Taken from peach trees in blossom (Blatchley). 


A. lacustris Lec. 
Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., p. 67, 1900 (cuneus). 
Bred from Croton capitatum; also occurs on Croton eleagnifolium (Schwarz), 
A. imbellis Crotch. 
Blanchard, Ent. Amer., V, p. 32, 1889. 
Chittenden, Bul. 22, n.s., U.S. D. A., Div.«Ent., p. 68, 1900. 
Occurs on Helianthemum canadense (Blanchard). 


A. egenus Gory. 

Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 804, 1910. 

Chittenden, Ent. Amer., Vol. V, pp. 217—220, 1889. 

: UU, 2200S, oo: A., Div. Pnt., p. 61. 1900: 

Garman, Bien. Rept. St. For. Ky. 2, pp. 32-63, 1915. 

s Bull. 200, Ky. Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 124, 1916. 

Glover, Rept. U. S. Comm. Agric., pp. 65-91, 1870, 1871. 

Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 364, 1895. 

Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 11, 1920. 

Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 291, 1890. 

4 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 372, 1890. 

Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 295, 1909. 

This species infests locust mining under bark and twigs of smaller branches, 
the beetles eating the leaves.. Reared from hickory (Hicoria alba) (Chittenden). 
Reared from Robinia neomexicana (Hubbard & Schwarz). On willow (Smith). 
Bred from Virginia creeper (Kirk). Garman states that the beetles have a 
singular way of chewing the edges of locust leaflets so as to give them a rough 
appearance, which however is so slight as to be easily overlooked. Knull states 
that egenus has been confused with cel#i in collections so that in view of this, 
some of the above records may apply to celti. 

A. celti Knull. 
Knull, Ent. News, Vol. XX XI, p. 11, 1920. 
Reared from dead branches of hackberry (Celtis occidentalis ) (Kirk & Knull). 


224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NEW NEARCTIC '‘CRANE-ELIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA)... PART, xX: 


BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, 
State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. 


Ormosia frisoni, sp. n. 

Closest to O. meigenii (O. S.); inner pleural appendage of the male hypopy- 
gium with a conspicuous lateral spine; all four gonapophyses of approximately 
equal size and shape. 


Male.—Length 3-3.5 mm.; wing 4—4.5 mm. 
Female.—Length 3.8-4 mm.; wing 4-4.8 mm. 


Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne brownish black; flagellar seg- 
ments oval, provided with a dense white pubescence and rather elongate verticils. 
Head yellowish grey. 

Pronotum brown, the scutellum pale whitish yellow. Mesonotum uni- 
formly brownish gray with a sparse yellowish bloom; pseudosutural fovez 
conspicuously oval, black; tuberculate pits conspicuous, separated from one 
another by a distance a little greater than the diameter of one. Pleura light 
plumbeous. MHalteres whitish. Legs with the coxe plumbeous; trochanters 
light brown; femora brownish yellow, the tips broadly darkened; tibiz and 
tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong brownish gray tinge; stigma darker 
brown; conspicuous whitish areas before and beyond the stigma; basal cells 
largely whitish; veins dark brown. Venation: cell Jst M2: open by the atrophy 
of the outer deflection of Ms; anal veins convergent. 

Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium. Male hypopygium 
with the inner pleural appendage smaller than the outer, before the tip with 
an acute black spine set at a right angle to the appendage; outer appendage 
strongly curved, the tip acute. Gonapophyses four in number, black, of approxi- 
mately equal size and shape, the inner pair a little more slender than the outer 
pair; outer apophyses with a tiny tooth at about two-thirds the length on the 
inner face; inner apophyses with the basal half flattened, the distal half strongly 
narrowed; penis-guard slender, pale in colour. Ninth sternite with a spatulate 
lobe as in the group. 

Habitat.—Illinois. 

Holotype.— co’, Muncie, May 15, 1920, (Alexander). 

Allotopoivpe.— @ , (Frison). 

Paratopotypes.—1 oo, May 8, 1920, (Frison); 32 co 2’s, May 15, 1920, 
(Alexander & Frison). 

Type in the collection of the Hlinois State Natural History Survey. 

Ormosia frisoni bears a considerable resemblance to O. meigenii (O. S.) but 
is readily told by the smaller size, differently coloured wings and, especially, 
by the structure of the male hypopygium. In O. meigenit the inner pleural 
appendage has the tip narrowed into a chitinized point that is in a straight 
line with the axis of the appendage; of the four gonapophyses, the inner pair 
are approximately one-half longer than the outer pair. This interesting new 
species 1s dedicated to the collector, my friend, Mr. Theodore H. Frison. 

This species occured near the margin of a prairie cat-tail swamp where 
it was associated with Pseudolimnophila luteipennis (O. S.) and Tipula dejecta 

October, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 225 


Walker. The flies were generally observed in small swarms among a dense 
> J > 
growth of Equisetum hiemale that covered the embankment. 


Ormosia notmani, sp. n. 


General coloration dark brown, the praescutum without stripes; wings 
grayish subhyaline, the stigma slightly darker brown; cell Js: Mz open by the 
atrophy of the outer deflection of Ms; basal deflection of Cu, very oblique in 
position, inserted beyond the fork of M; 2nd Anal vein bent toward the Ist 
Anal on its outer end only; male hypopygium complicated; outer pleural ap- 
pendage a black, three-spined structure; inner pleural appendage slender, deeply 
bifid; gonapophyses slender, the distal end slightly widened, each apophysis 
with along, powerful spine at the base. 


Male.—Length about 3.8 mm.; 4.4 mm. 


Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae slightly elongated, dark brown, 
the scapal segments a little paler; flagellar segments long-oval, provided with 
a dense, erect, white pubescence. Head brownish gray, provided with long, 
vellow_ bristles. 


Pronotum brown, the scutellum obscure yellow. Mesonotum dark brown, 
sparsely dusted with a grayish yellow pollen; pseudosutural foveae conspicious, 
oval, black. Pleura brown, sparsely dusted with gray. MHalteres light yellow. 
Legs with the coxe and trochanters light yellow; femora light brown, brighter 
basally; remainder of the legs darker brown. Wings grayish subhyaline; stigma 
slightly darker, brown; wing-base a little brighter; veins dark brown. Venation:7 
less than its own length beyond the fork of Re+3 on Ro; cell 1st Ms open by the 
atrophy of the outer deflection of Ms; basal deflection of Cu; a short distance 
beyond the fork of M, very oblique in position, the branches of Cu forming an 
angle of about 100°; 2nd Anal vein with the extreme outer end bent toward the 
1st Anal. 


Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little brighter. Male hypopygium 
somewhat as in O. bilineata Dietz and O. subcornuta Alexander but very distinct 
in the details of structure. Outer pleural appendage a short, squat, chitinized 
structure that terminates in three acute blackened points, the two outer ones 
short and sub-equal, the inner spine much longer, acute; inner pleural ap- 
pendage leng and slender,. almost straight, profoundly bifid, the two arms 
lying generally parallel, the one arm appearing as a long, blackened spine with 
the proximal face microscopically serrulate, the other, more dorsal, arm slightly 
paler, sparsely setigerous. Gonapophyses shaped as slender blades, the outer 
ends a little flattened and expanded, at the base of each with a powerful, semi- 
erect spine that is about one-third the length of the apophysis. Ninth sternite 
with a conspicuous fleshy spatulate lobe as in the mezgenii group of species. 


Habitat.—New York. 

Holoitype.-—o, Keene Valley, Essex Co., May 26, 1920, (Notman). 

Type in the collection of the author. 

This remarkably distinct species is dedicated to the collector, Mr. Howard 


Notman, whose conscientious and capable efforts have added numerous species, 
‘in many orders, to the list of New York insects. 


226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Limnophila (Eulimnophila) imbecilla illinoiensis, subsp. n. 
Male.—Length 6 mm.; wing 6-6.5 mm. 
Very similar to typical imbecilla Osten Sacken but very much smaller 
(in imbecilla, the wing of the male measures 8.2-8.5 mm.). Head yellowish 
with scarcely any gray pruinosity. Wings gravish yellow. 
Habitat.—Illinois. 
Holotype.—o, Homer Park, June 13, 1920 (Frison). 
Paratopotypes.—Two o's. 
Type in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. 
Paratypes in the collection of Mr. Frison and the writer. 


Tipula tennessa, sp. n. 

Allied to 7. ultima Alexander; wings brownish yellow, the dusky spot at 
the end of the vein 2nd A small; abdominal tergites with a narrow, dark brown 
median line; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite small, the caudal margin 
with a broad, U-shaped median notch, the lateral lobes obtusely rounded with 
the margins smooth, on the ventral face with a sharp chitinized spine. 

Male.—Length about 16.5 mm.; wing 18.5 mm. 

Generally similar to 77pula ultima, differing as follows: 

Antenne with the basal flagellar segments distinctly bicolorous, the basal 
enlargement of each segment dark brown, the remainder of each segment. paler 
yellowish brown, the distal flagellar segments more uniformly brown. 

Coloration of the thorax identical in the two species. Wings with a deep, 
brownish yellow suffusion, as in ultima, the dusky spot at the tip of vein 2nd A 
very restricted but evident. Venation: cell Re more acutely pointed at base; 
cell 1st M2 long and narrow; petiole of cell 17, shorter than m. 

Abdominal tergites dull yellow with a distinct but narrow median vitta of 
dark brown; lateral margins of the tergites less distinctly darkened; sternites 
yellow. Male hypopygium with the sclerites fused into a continuous ring as 
in ultima. Ninth tergite small, the caudal. margin with a broad, U-shaped 
median notch, the lateral lobes thus formed broadly and obtusely rounded, their 
margins unarmed; on the ventral face of each of these lobes a conspicuous, 
chitinized spine directed ventrad and slightly caudad and proximad; on the 
middle line beneath a narrow chitinized ridge that is slightly bifid at the cephalic 
end. Inner pleural appendage small, flattened, the distal end curved into a 
spoon-shaped structure. Ninth sternite profoundly notched, at the base of the 
incision with a flattened, recurved lobe that is sparsely provided with short 
hairs; on either side of this rectangular lobe, a somewhat similar lobe whose 
inner or proximal margin is provided with numerous, long, yellow bristles that 
become more elongated near the distal end; from the base of each of these 
subtending lobes, a flattened digitiform lobe extends dorsad; from the region of 
the pleurite a similar lobe is found, lying parallel to the last, the notch between 
them very narrow. 

Habitat.—Tennessee. 

Holotype.—o, Knoxville, May 17, 1915, (G. M. Bentley). 

Type in the collection of the Department of Entomology, University of 
Tennessee. 

It will be seen from the above characterization that the hypopygium is very 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 227 


distinct from that of 7ipula ultima, where the ninth tergite is deeply notched, 
the lateral lobes very large, flattened, directed proximad and with the margins 
provided with numerous tiny chitinized denticles; all the other lobes and ap- 
pendages of the hypopygium are much smaller and less complicated than in T. 
ultima. Itshould be noted that the present species is on the wing during May 
whereas 7°. ultima is a characteristic autumnal species. 


Tipula lygropis, sp. n. 

Allied to T. occidentalis Doane; general coloration dark yellowish gray, the 
mesonotal prascutum with four brownish gray stripes; wings with a very strong 
brown suffusion, the obliterative streak unusually broad and conspicuous; 
a bomen obscure brown; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite with a deep, 
V-shaped notch; eighth sternite with two submedian. pencils of long yellow 
hairs. 

Male.—Length about 20 mm.; wing 21 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of head dark brown, still darker laterally; no evident 
nasus, only a tuft of long hairs at this point; palpi brown, the basal two seg- 
ments lighter in colour. Antenne dark brown, the scapal segments slightly 
paler brown. Head brownish gray, the occiput darker; the vertex with in- 
distinct lines that are concentric from the occiput. 

Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray with four brownish gray stripes, 
the intermediate pair narrowly separated for most of their length by a line of 
the ground colour, the ends contiguous; scutum light gray, the lobes largely dark 
gray; scutellum pale yellowish gray with a capillary brown median line, the 
lateral portions dark; postnotum yellowish gray, the posterior margins darker. 
Pleura dull gray, more yellowish gray before the base of the halteres. Halteres 
dark brown, the base of the stem brighter. Legs with the coxe dull gray, the 
outer face sparsely yellow pollinose; femora and tibia reddish brown, narrowly 
tipped with dark brown; tarsi brown. Wings with a very strong brownish 
tinge; cells C and Sc more yellowish brown; cells M and Cu adjoining vein Cu 
more yellowish; a conspicuous brown spot at the end of Sc and another including 
the stigma; a paler brown seam at the origin of Rs, along the cord and at the 
tip of vein Cu2; a very conspicuous white obliterative streak extending from cell 
C across cells ist Ri, the end of R, the basal two-fifths of cell 1st Ms, into the base 
of cell M;. Venation: Ro+; shorter than the distal section of Rs; petiole of cell 
Mz a little more than one-half of m. 

Abdomen obscure brownish, the tergites very indistinctly trivittate with 
still darker brown, the distal segments more’ uniformly darkened; sternites 
brownish gray. Male hypopygium moderately large. Ninth tergite with a 
very deep V-shaped median notch that extends almost back to the eighth seg- 
ment; the lateral lobes have the ventral edge produced into a flattened, chitinized 
blade, the tips running out into small, chitinized points. Ninth pleurite rather 
conspicuous, conical, the apex obtusely rounded but flattened; outer pleural 
appendage conspicuous, rather stout, dark brown, clothed with long, dark 
hairs. Ninth sternite with a profound notch that is narrowly margined with 
pale, from its dorsal proximal angle hang two long, pendulous lobes. Eighth 
sternite with a broad, U-shaped notch, on either side of the median line of the 
base of the notch, a pencil of very long yellow bristles; lateral lobes produced 


"298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


proximad into very broad-based triangular lobes that are directed proximad, 
the proximal margin sparsely provided with bristles, the tip narrowed. 


Habitat.—California. 


Holotype.— o, Santa Cruz Island, May 16, 1919, (E. P. Van Duzee). 
Type in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences 


Tipula pseudotruncorum, sp. n. 

General coloration light gray; antenne short, dark brown; head with a 
linear brown mark; mesonotal praescutum with five more or less distinct brown 
lines; a capillary brown median line extending from the suture to the base of 
the abdomen; wings pale brown, variegated with dark brown and subhyaline 
blotches; abdomen buffy brown, the tergum with three conspicuous dark brown 
longitudinal stripes. 

Male.—Length 15 mm.; wing 16 mm. 

Female.—Length 20 mm.; wing 17.5 mm. 

Frontal prolongation of the head long and slender, light gray; palpi dark 
brown. Antenne short, the first segment elongate, dusted with gray; second 
scapal segment brownish; flagellum black, the segments short with the basal 
swelling indistinct. Head light gray with a conspicuous elongate brown mark. 

Mesonotal praescutum light gray, conspicuously marked with dark brown; 
median stripe light gray, split by a capillary brown line, the lateral margins of 
the stripe more broadly dark brown; all three of these lines are confluent before 


the suture; lateral praescutal stripes dark, the area between them and the ' 


median stripe infuscated; scutum light gray with two isolated grayish brown 
marks on each lobe; remainder of the mesonotum light gray, a capillary brown 
line extending from the suture to the base of the abdomen. Pleura light gray. 
Halteres brownish yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe light 
gray; trochanters grayish brown; femora black, more reddish basally; remainder 
of the legs black. Wings brown; stigma dark brown; a small, dark brown spot 
at the origin of Rs; membrane conspicuously variegated with subhyaline areas, 
the more conspicuous situated before and beyond the stigma, immediately 
before the origin of Rs; a conspicuous white blotch at the base of cell M and 
another at about two-thirds the length of the cell; indistinct whitish areas in 
cells Cu and 1st A. Venation: Rs long; cell 1st Mz long and narrow; petiole of 
cell MM, shorter than m. 

Abdomen with the first tergite light gray; remaining tergites buffy brown, 
with three broad dark brown stripes that are narrowly interrupted at the base 
and apex of each segment; lateral margins of the tergites broadly light gray; 
sternites dusted with gray. Male hypopygium rather-large. Ninth tergite 
with a broad, U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes indistinct, obtusely rounded; 
deep median incision that extends back to beyond mid-length of the tergite, 
the margins being practically contiguous. Ninth pleurite complete; outer 
pleural appendage tumid, gradually narrowed to the apex. Ninth sternite 
with a deep V-shaped notch, the lateral angles produced proximad into fleshy 
lobes that are contiguous on the median line, at the tip with conspicuous long 
yellow hairs that largely fill the notch of the sternite. Eighth sternite with 
the lateral angles produced into slight tumid lobes, each tipped with a pencil 
of long, reddish bristles, decussate across the median line. 


— Tt 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 229 


The allotype female is much paler throughout but presumably belongs to 
this species; the markings on the body as well as the wings are very pale but 
indicated. 

Habiiat.—Northwestern United States. 


Holotype.—o', Longmire Springs, Mt. Rainier, Washington, altitude 2,500 
feet, July 18, 1919, (Dr. C. L. Fox.). . 

Allotype—@, Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier, altitude 6,000-8,000 feet, 
August 5, 1919, (Dr. C. L. Fox.). 

Paratypes—Two &’s, Moscow, Idaho. 

Type in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. 

Tipula pseudotruncorum bears a resemblance to the European 7. truncorum 
Meigen, and was distributed under this name by Prof. Doane. What is ap- 
parently this same species has been recorded by Snodgrass (Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc., Vol. 30, pp. 211, 212; 1904) as 7. truncorum. A comparison with authen- 
tic specimens of fruncorum received from my friend, Herr M. P. Riedel, shows 
that the two species are abundantly distinct. 





NOTES ON THE COLEOPTERA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 
NEW SPECIES. 


BY, (Ca AC EROS: 
Framingham, Mass. 


Cicindela spreta Lec. Several years ago I prepared a note on the 
capture of this form in Maine, but after some correspondence with the late 
Mr. Edward D. Harris it was laid aside. Further interesting facts regarding 
_this much misunderstood insect were noted in his letters which should correct 
the impression given by several authors that it is closely related to purpurea 
Oliv. Hisfather, T. W. Harris, some time prior to 1848, sent Dr. LeConte a 
specimen taken at Eastport, Maine, and which, according to Mr. Harris, is the 
unique type now in the LeConte collection at Cambridge, Mass., and bears 
his father’s label. 

The original: description in the ‘‘Catalogue of the Geodephagous Cole- 
optera”’ (Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1848, p. 177) begins, ‘Obscure nigro-aenea sub- 
viridescens,—’’, and was probably made from the specimen in the LeConte 
collection, as it is a green insect of about the shade of those green forms of 
purpurea which sometimes pass for spreta, but having the complete limbalis 
markings. The figured spreta on the coloured plate XIII of the above work 
is a black insect, and it is referred to in the LeConte Revision of the Cicindelae 
of 1856 (Trans. Am. Phil.Soc. XI., p. 37) under limbalis (as a variety of splendida) 
as, “Nigra. C. spreta Lec. Ann. Lyc., 4,177; tab. 13, fig. 7’, and in a few lines 
below, ‘‘Eastport, Maine, Dr. Harris.’’ In the Harris collection, Boston Museum 
of Natural History, is one specimen bearing an ‘‘Eastport, Me.,’”’ label and the 
~ manuscript number 1502, which is referred to in the Harris manuscript catalogue 
as, “‘“Cicindela Raiana H. ms. spreta Lec. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. IV. 177. Eastport, 
Me., Dr. J. Ray, 1836.’’ Thisis the specimen referred to by Mr. E. D. Harris 
in a letter to me as the ‘“‘companion specimen”’ to the one in the LeConte col- 


lection. I examined this (Harris collection) specimen, which still bears the 
October, 1920 


‘230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


old: Harris label, and found it much darker than the type at Cambridge. It is 
an almost black insect with the faintest traces of green. It is marked like the 
type.and is almost exactly as the figure on Plate XIII of the work of 1848. 
Does it not seem probable that Dr. LeConte made the description from his 
green specimen, and in some way the figure was made from the black specimen 
of the Harris collection? This supposition will at least account for the dual 
colour réle of spreta. 

In correspondence with Dr. LeConte, T. W. Harris expressed the opinion 
that spreta was much nearer limbalis Klug. than purpurea, and that Dr. Le- 
Conte was in accord with him is shown by the Revision of 1856. 


In 1900, Mr. E. D. Harris took a large series {about 100 specimens) of 
limbalis at Mt. Desert, Me., and, discovering several dark green ones among 
them, took one to Cambridge and placed it beside the type, and then to the 
Harris collection where he made a comparison with the ‘“‘companion specimen.” 
His conclusion was, “‘It is, to all intents, exactly the same thing. It is imbalis.”’ 

On June 24, 1909, I took a specimen of spreta at Monmouth, Me., in a 
sparsely wooded pasture on the west shore of Lake Cobbosseecontee. It has 
been placed beside the type and found to be the same in every respect. An- 
other specimen from Wales, Me., June 15, 1909, is very much like Mt. Desert 
limbalis, with reddish-cupreous shading and silky lustre. A specimen from 
Monmouth, June 25, 1905, is nearly intermediate between the other two, being 
a more clear green at the base of elytra and becoming gradually cupreous towards 
the apex, but without definite silky lustre. 

From the above we have sufficient proof that spreta Lec., a rather dark 
green insect (of about the shade of the green forms of purpurea) with limbalis 
markings, (humeral, post-humeral and ante-apical dots, sinuate median fascie, 
and apical lunules) is but a colour variation of limbalis Klug. as represented by 
the Mt. Desert specimens. Therefore, Dr. Walther Horn is in error in the 
Genera Insectorum in placing ‘‘spreia Lec., 1848”’ as a “‘senile form’’ and spreta 
Lec., 1856, as a “black form” of purpurea Oliv. 


Cicindela hentzi Dej., var. niveihamata, n. var. This interesting varia- 
tion was taken at the Middlesex Fells Reservation in a road near the shore of Spot 
Pond in the town of Stoneham, Mass., July 26, 1903. It was found somewhat 
remote from the usual haunts of the species, although they frequently scatter 
from the ledges to the neighboring roads. The markings of this unique are 
formed by the extension of the apical lunules along the margin, including the 
ante-apical marginal spots, to and joining with the obliquely transverse median 
fascize; the result is a broad marginal band with sinuate inner edge terminating 
in a hook at the middle of each elytron. The median ante-apical dot has almost 
vanished and the humeral lunule is represented by a small humeral dot and a 
very faint sub-humeral one. The markings resemble those of the posterior 
half of the elytra of C. schauppi with the transverse fascia more oblique. In 
order to stimulate ambition and anticipation among those collectors who delight 
in aberrant forms this handsome little insect is duly christened as above. 


Pterostichus corusculus Lec. This species, which has hitherto been 
taken rarely along a railroad embankment through a swamp, was found in 
large numbers (over 100) under stones, logs and in debris along the shores of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 231 


the Charles River in Medfield, Mass., April 19, 1919. There had been a heavy 
rain which flooded the meadows where these little insects evidently abound, 
and drove them to shelter along the river bank. 


Elaphrus olivaceus Lec. Two specimens of this pretty swamp-loving 
species were taken at Monterey, Mass., July 9, 1919, in a dark, forbidding 
wood through which ran a small brook between low and muddy banks at the 
spot where they occurred. EE. cicatricosus was also present at this place which 
was partly covered with dead branches; these did not improve the conditions 
under which they were taken by the usual method of treading about in the mud 
and keeping a close watch of the surface for any moving object. ~ 


Coccidula occidentalis Horn. A specimen was given me by Mr. H. M. 
Parshley, who took it at Orono, Maine, May 31, 1914, by sweeping in a meadow. 
It is almost exactly like several specimens from Edmonton, Alberta, taken by 
Mr. F. S. Carr, who, as usual, generously shared his catch with me. These 
were taken June 14 and 26, 1917. One of the characters given by Dr. Horn in 
his description of the species (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXII, p. 114) is the black 
colour of the first two segments of the abdomen, these being yellow at the sides 
in lepida Lec. There are traces of yellow at the sides of the second segirent 
on some of the Alberta specimens, and the Maine specimen shows a !afger 
yellow area there. The habitat of the species is given by Horn as Wyoming to 
Vancouver. 


A number of specimens of C. lepida were taken along a swollen brook in 
the debris washed down by the spring draining of a cranberry bog in Sherborn, 
Mass., May 23, 1908, and May 16, 1909. They could not be found on following 
years nor have they been taken elsewhere. The discal spot of the elytra in 
some of these specimens shows a tendency toward the cordiform shape of oc- 
cidentalis, but there is no indication of a sutural stripe connecting it with the 
scutellar spot as in that species. 


Buprestis sulcicollis Lec. In the “Review of the Genus .Buprestis in 
North America,’’ by Nicolay and Weiss (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI) 
there appears the statement, on the authority of Dr. E. C. VanDyke, that the 
type ‘‘is not a brassy green insect as claimed by Casey, but of a uniform dull, 
coppery brown with a very slight greenish reflection.’’ As I have examined the 
unique type four times, and on the last three occasions with special reference 
to the colour, I feel justified in recording that the statement gives an erroneous 
impression. With a good light on the specimen, Col. Casey’s remarks (Studies 
in the American Buprestidz), which are practically a copy of the original de- 
scription, are correct. On a dark day the green is not so much in evidence, 
but if the sun is shining it is really a brilliant insect. It is especially green on 
the head and thorax, while the punctures between the ruge of the elytral 
intervals are almost a golden green at the sides, becoming darker on the disk; 
the whole under side of the specimen is a bright brassy green. The only parts 
that are not green are the elytral costa and the smooth places of the pronotum, 
which are a very dark bronze with greenish reflections. The appearance of 
the type is that of a wholly verdigris-green insect in which the colour is as fully 
- and completely developed as in the type of Chrysobothris verdigripennis, and 


232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


some specimens of Dicerca tuberculata. My single specimen of this species is a 
bronze colour very similar to the dark forms of Buprestis striata, and is probably 
very near to the form /ateralis Casey. The coste are a greenish black, and the 
punctures along the stria are a bright green set in the bright coppery ruge of 
the intervals; it lacks the greenish shading of the type on the under side. 


Chrysobothris orono, n.sp. Size and form of verdigripennis: Black 
with the punctured areas of a grayish-green colour, beneath cupreous or bronzed 
with the prosternum, femora, and sutures of the abdomen greenish. Antenne 
bright metallic green, last joint and the lobes of the preceding seven, black. 
Clypeus arcuately emarginate with sides rounded, front greenish, coarsely, 
densely punctured and pubescent with two small median callosities; eyes rather 
widely separated above. 


Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long,.slightly wider at base than at 
middle, briefly rounded and narrowed at apex, slightly sinuate at middle, and 
with a very small sinuation before the hind angles, which are rectangularly 
acute and not narrowed; median dorsal sulcus limited in front by strong angulate 
coste, which broaden out at middle and disappear behind; a short sinuate cal- 
losity at middle on each side. 


Elytra widest behind and sinuate in front of middle, more convex than 
scabripennis, sutural costee entire from apex to basal fourth and more strongly 
elevated than any of the others which are indicated by flattened, smooth, black 
areas and lines, punctured areas not as well defined as in scabripennis and verdt- 
gripennis, basal fovez less evident. 


Abdomen with sparse, shallow punctures and indistinct callosities, last 
ventral body semicircularly emarginate, last dorsal coarsely, sparsely punctured 
with a small, indistinct notch; prosternum not lobed, very densely pubescent 
and punctate, sides with coarse, sparse punctures and broad, interlacing, smooth 
spaces, the dense white pubescence extends along the median line on to the 
metasternum gradually becoming more sparse; front femora with a strong, 
serrulate, acute tooth; tibize with a large apical dilatation nearly one-third the 
length of the tibia, sinuate at the distal end, rising in an arc and terminating 
rather abruptly without sinuation; front and middle tibize strongly arcuate, 
hind tibie straight. 


Length 14.5 mm., width 6 mm. at apical third. 


The unique type is a male from Orono, Maine, July 4, 1908, in my collec- 
tion. The species is dedicated to the Indian chief Orono, from whom the town 
where it was taken is named. 


The species most nearly resembles verdigripennis superficially, but is dis- 
tinct by the dark antennal joints, the much different tibial dilatation, and the 
straight hind tibiz. In the coloration of the dorsal surface and in the tibial 
dilatation it resembles carinipennis, but in no other respects. From ¢trinervia 
it differs in the shape of the thorax, tibial dilatation, elytral sculpture, size and 
last dorsal segment of abdomen. 


(To be continued.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 233 


NEW SAW-FLIES FROM MAINE AND NEW YORK (HYMENOPTERA). 
BY ALEX. D. MaCGILLsVRAY. 
University of Illinois, Urbana, III. 

All the adults of the following species were reared from larve. They are 
published at this time in order that the names can be used with descriptions of 
the larve. , 

Pteronidea evanida, n. sp.—Female. Body black with the following 
parts rufous: supraclypeal area, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, occipital and 
vertical orbits, extending onto the caudal aspect of head, collar, femora, pro- 
femora and mesofemora more or less irregularly infuscated, protibia, mesotibie, 
protarsi, mesotarsi, abdomen on segments one to six; trochanters whitish; 
ocellar basin sharply marked with vertical walls, dorsal side of frontal crest 
three sided; supraclypeal area elevated; median fovea longer than broad, deep, 
prominent; clypeus faintly semicircularly emarginate; antenna with third, 
fourth and fifth segments subequal; head, mesonotum, mesoscutellum, and 
mesopleure dull, finely setaceous; wings hyaline, veins including costa reddish, 
stigma darker, margined with rufous; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, 
ventral margin strongly convex, oblique, prominent’ point at dorsal angle. 
Length 7 mm. ; 

Male.—Male differs in having median fovea longer, legs and collar lighter 
in colour, and abdominal segments one to five and lateral portions of six rufous. | 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Subs. 
119, 111, 134. 

This species is near fulvicrus Prov., but the two species are distinguishable 
by the form of the median fovea. 

Pteronidea edura, n. sp.—Female: Body black with the following parts 
whitish: supraclypeal area, clypeus, labrum, mandibles in part, mouth-parts, 
collar, tegula, and legs beyond the middle of the coxe, except the distal half of 
metatibiz and metatarsi; following parts rufous: edge of frontal crest, oc- 
cipital and vertical orbits faintly, caudal portion of first abdominal segment, 
second to sixth segments entirely, and cephalic part of sixth segment; ocellar 
basin moderately distinct; frontal crest rounded, unbroken, three-sided on 
dorsal margin; median fovea distinct, long, wedge-shaped depression; clypeus 
broadly angularly emarginate; antenne with third and fourth segments sub- 
equal, fourth segment longer than fifth; mesonotum dull, setaceous, meso- 
scutellum polished, mesopostscutellum densely punctulate; wings hyaline, 
dotted with numerous black spinule, veins black, proximal portion of costa 
paler; saw-guides with dorsal margin concave, ventral margin convex and 
converging toward dorsal margin, distal end bluntly pointed. Length 8 mm. 

Habitat.—Ithaca, New York, H. Yuasa. No. 8.45(?)—1-1. 

This species runs to lombarde Marl., but is differently coloured from the 
female of that species. 

Pteronidea effusa, n. sp.—Female. Body black with: the following 
parts yellowish white: supraclypeal area, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, mouth- 
parts, collar broadly, tegula, and legs beyond distal ends of coxe, except in- 
fuscated distal half of metatibize and the black metatarsi; following parts rufous: 
frontal crest, occipital and vertical orbits, lateral third of lateral lobes of meso- 


notum indistinctly, and abdominal segments one to seven except small cephalic 
October, 1920 


234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


margin of first segment, and mesal spots on caudal margin of sixth and seventh 
segments; ocellar basin deep, distinct; frontal crest prominent, unbroken, curved 
on dorsal margin; median fovea shallow, elongate oval; clypeus broadly, shallowly 
emarginate; head dull, sparsely setaceous; mesoscutellum polished, mesonotum 
dull, caudal margin of mesopostscutellum punctured with small calices; meso- 
pleura polished; antenne with third and fourth segments subequal, fourth seg- 
ment distinctly longer than fifth; wings hyaline, spinulze inconspicuous, rufous, 
veins and costa and stigma in great part rufous; saw-guides with dorsal margin 
concave, ventral margin convex, converging toward distal end. Length 8 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 110. 

This species is similar to edura MacG., but the form of the frontal crest will 
separate them. 

Pteronidea effeta, n. sp.—Female. Body black with the following parts 
yellowish white: clypeus, labrum, supraclypeal area, mouth-parts, collar, tegule, 
caudal angles of lateral lobes of mesonotum, and legs beyond coxe except distal 
half of metatibiz and metatarsi; following parts rufous: caudal portion of first 
abdominal segment, segments two to six entirely, most of seventh, frontal crest, 
and occipital and vertical orbits; clypeus broadly deeply emarginate; supra- 
clypeal area swollen; median fovea elongate, linear, comparatively deep; frontal 
crest distinct, slightly broken, dorsal margin curved; ocellar basin distinct, not 
deep, open around median ocellus; each side of lateral ocelli depressed: sur- 
face for most part polished; mesonotum including mesoscutellum and meso- 
postscutellum polished, roughened with distinct calices of minute sete; antenne 
with third segment slightly longer than fourth, fourth and fifth subequal; wings 
hyaline, veins and stigma and costa rufous; saw-guides robust, dorsal margin 
concave, ventral margin convex, distal portion oblique, bluntly pointed above. 
Length 10 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 
158. 

This species runs to populi Marl., but the topography of the head will 
separate the two species. 

Pteronidea emerita, n. sp.—Female. Body black with the following 
parts yellowish: labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area, mandibles, mouth-parts, 
collar, tegula, and legs except distal three-fourths of metatibize and metatarsi; 
following parts rufous: frontal crest, occipital and vertical orbits, and abdominal 
segments one to six; clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate; median fovea a 
large, slightly depressed, triangular area; frontal crest strong, narrow, unbroken, 
ocellar basin deep, open about median ocellus, strongly elevated above post- 
ocellar area; antennae with third segment longer than fourth, and fourth dis- 
tinctly longer than fifth; head and thorax polished, with numerous minute 
setae, mesoscutellum bare, mesopostscutellum with caudal margin roughened; 
wings hyaline, veins and costa and stigma reddish; spinule point-like, black; 
saw-guides with straight dorsal margin, convex ventral margin, Phtcie 
convex distal portion, blunt distal end. Length 9 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 189. 

This species is very similar in general appearance to effeta MacG. 

Pteronidea erudita, n. sp.—Female. Body black with the following 
parts yellowish: labrum, clypeus, mandibles, supraclypeal area, collar, tegule, 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 235 


lateral half of each lateral lobe of the mesonotum, and legs beyond middle of 
coxe except distal third of metatibiz and metatarsi; following parts rufous: 
frontal crest, occipital and vertical orbits, and abdominal segments two to seven; 
clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate; median fovea elongate, shallow, furrow- 
like; frontal crest broken, high adiacent to meson, low on lateral portions, 
dorsal margin two sided; ocellar basin shallow, flat, open about median ocellus, 
hardly raised above postocellar area; antenne with third, fourth, and fifth 
segments subequal; head and thorax polished, with closely-placed calices of fine 
setae; mesopostscutellum roughened; wings hyaline, veins and costa and stigma 
reddish; saw-guides narrow, dorsal margin straight, ventral margin convex, 
distal portion straight and convergent, pointed. Length 7 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 12. 

This species is similar to effeta MacG. and emerita MacG. The colour of 
the mesonotum will distinguish them. 

Pteronidea edita, n. sp.— Male. Body black with the following parts 
yellowish: clypeus, labrum, supraclypeal area, mandibles, genal orbits, pronotum 
broadly, tegule, legs except metacoxe and distal end of metatibiza and meta- 
tarsi, and caudal margin of abdominal terga and venter entirely; following parts 
rufous: occipital and vertical orbits broadly, frontal orbits narrowly; median 
fovea deep, broad, longer than broad; antenne with third segment slightly 
longer than fourth and latter slightly longer than fifth; frontal crest obscure, 
broken; ocellar basin shallow, flat, lateral walls distinct but narrow and low; 
head and thorax dull with numerous subadjacent calices; mesopleura, particu- 
larly ventral portion, with numerous short, white setae; caudal margin of last 
sternum angularly emarginate; wings hyaline, stigma with costal portion dark, 
remainder yellowish, costa yellowish, veins blackish. Length 6 mm. 

Habitat.—Ithaca, New York. H. Yuasa. No. 5'-1-6. 

This species runs to ventralis Say, but the difference in their coloration will 
differentiate them. 

Pteronidea exacta, n. sp.—Male. Body black with the following parts 
white: labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area, mandibles, mouth-parts, genal — 
orbits, collar broadly, tegule, and legs except a fuscous ring on distal end of 
metatibiz; following parts rufous: occipital and vertical orbits broadly, frontal 
orbits narrowly; clypeus roundly, shallowly emarginate; supraclypeal area not 
prominent; median fovea a small, rather deep pit; frontal crest fairly strong, 
unbroken, transverse, straight; ocellar basin shallow, lateral walls hardly ele- 
vated, surface flat, open between ocelli, and not as high as postocellar area; 
antenne with third segment slightly longer than fourth, and fourth slightly 
longer than fifth; head and thorax setaceous; mesoscutellum polished, meso- 
postscutellum somewhat roughened; procidentia short, rounded, strongly convex; 
wings hyaline, veins and costa and stigma yellowish. Length 4.5 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 
172. 

This species is similar to dubia Marl., but the length of the third antennal 
segment will separate them. 

Pteronidea equina, n. sp.—Female. Body black with the following 
parts yellowish white: supraclypeal area, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, mouth- 
parts, genal and occipital and vertical orbits broadly, frontal orbits narrowly, 


236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


orbital markings more brownish than others, antennze for most part, collar, 
tegule, mesopleure for most part, mesosternum, sides of mesoscutellum, legs 
except distal portion of metatibize and metatarsi, venter of abdomen entirely, 
caudal. margin of abdominal terga, becoming successively broader on caudal 
terga, caudal tergum entirely, and saw-guides except tips; clypeus narrowly 
roundly, emarginate; median foveze broad, round depression with sloping sides; 
frontal crest narrow, distinct, unbroken, dorsal margin two-sided; ocellar basin 
distinct, flat, lateral walls narrow, sharp, and distinct; postocellar area not 
depressed below ocellar basin; head and thorax setaceous; mesopostscutellum 
setaceous, not roughened; wings hyaline with numerous spinule, veins and stigma 
and costa yellowish; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin 
straight, distal portion oblique, convex, bluntly pointed above. Length 5.5 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 71. 

This species runs to kincaidi Marl. Its coloration is distinctive. 

Pteronidea enavata, n. sp.—Female. Body rufous with the following 
parts black: small, transverse area surrounding ocelli, small spot on caudal margin 
of postocellar area, antenne, mesal area cf median lobe of mesonotum, meso- 
postscutellum in great part, metascutellum, ring on metatibiea, and cephalic 
band, narrower on caudal segments, on abdominal terga; following parts whitish: 
labrum, pronotum, tegule, and legs in great part, except tarsi; clypeus broadly 
emarginate, almost truncate; median fovea pit-like, deep; frontal crest broken 
by oblong depression bearing median fovea, two-sides, angular; ocellar basin 
flat, roughened, limiting lateral walls narrow, not strongly raised; antenne 
with third and fourth segments subequal, fifth shorter; head and thorax dull, 
setaceous; wings yellowish, veins and costa and stigma pale, spinule not promi- 
nent; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin convex, distal 
portion oblique, pointed at distal end above. Length 6 mm. 

Habitat.—Orono, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Sub. 25. 

This species resembles pinguidorsum Dyar, but they are easily separated 
by the difference in the form of the head ridges. 

Pristiphora ostiaria, n. sp.—Female. Body black with the following 
parts white: labrum, mandible, mouth-parts, collar broadly, tegula, and legs 
except a spot on proximal end of metacoxe, distal one-fourth of metafemora, 
distal one-third of metatibiz, and metatarsi; antenne with third segment longer 
than fourth, fourth and fifth subequal; clypeus truncate; median fovea an 
inconspicuous depression; frontal crest wanting; ocellar basin distinguishable, 
lateral walls not conspicuous; head uniformly finely punctured; occipital, ocellar, 
and interocellar furrows wanting; mesonotum including mesoscutellum and meso- 
postscutellum, polished; mesopleure with white seta; wings hyaline, veins and 
stigma brownish, costa pale, spinule numerous; saw-guides narrow with dorsal 
margin straight, ventral margin convex, distal end oblique and blunt. Length 
6 mm. 

Male.—The male differs in having supraclypeal area, genal orbits, clypeus, 
and venter of abdomen pale; median fovea is larger and more conspicuous; 
- procidentia is comparatively broad, flat, rounded. Length 5 mm. 

Habitat.—Ithaca, New York. H. Yuasa. No. 212-1-1. 

This species is near banksi Marl., but they can be separated by the dif- 
ference in coloration. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Bat 


NOTES ON ~GALERUCELLA NYMPHAEAE I 
LEAF-BEETLE (COLEOP.) 
BY HARRY B. WEISS AND ERDMAN WEST. 
New Brunswick, N. J. 

This species occurs throughout New Jersey on the yellow pond-lily (Nym- 
phaea advena Ait.) which is common along the lower Delaware River and ad- 
jacent ditches and tide-water streams. During the seasons of 1919 and 1920, 
it was particularly abundant at Monmouth Junction, Westville and several 
other places in New Jersey, defacing the leaves and flowers and rendering them 
ragged and unsightly. 

Blatchley, states that the adult probably hibernates and this appears 
likely as adults have been taken during the middle and last of May and early 
June. The yellow eggs are deposited on the upper surfaces of the leaves in 
clusters of 18 to 20, each ‘egg being stuck on end to the leaf surface and close to 
its neighbor. MacGillivray» states that he found clusters containing as few as 
6 eggs and gives the number as ranging from 6 to 20. These hatch in about a 
week, each larva emerging from the upper half of the egg and feeding takes 
place in colonies on the upper layers of the leaf tissue, resulting in irregular, 
unsightly, denuded areas. As the larvae become larger they separate and feed 
independently on either side of a leaf. 

In the latitude of New Jersey, many become full-grown about the third 
week of June, pupation taking place on the upper or under leaf surface. This 
stage lasts about one week, the beetles appearing the last of June and first part 
of July. There are at least two generations in New Jersey. During the middle 
and last of June it is possible to find all stages of the insect except eggs. 

Chittenden, records the adult,as attacking plants belonging to botanical 
families not at all related to its normal food plants such as aquatic species of 
Nymphaea, Sagittaria, Brasenia, Nuphar and mentions basket willow and beans. 
He further states that it frequently has received mention under the name Gal- 
eruca sagittariae Gyll, and is evidently of foreign origin, being found abundantly 
in northern Europe, and Siberia. In this country it has been recorded from 
Texas, California, Oregon, Indiana and oceurs from the Hudson Bay region 
southward to the District of Columbia and Virginia. It is, therefore, a well 
distributed species. Both Schaupp: and MacGillivray; have described the 
early stages and the latter’s descriptions being the most detailed are given 
below together with additional material in brackets which it was thought de- 
sirable to add. 

Egg.—(Length 0.9 mm. Width 0.5 mm.) ‘Oblong or short cylindric with 
smoothly, obtusely rounded ends; yellow, shining.’’ (The surface is sculptured 
with hexagonal markings having depressed centres. ) 

Larva. (Length 7 to 8.5 mm. Width about 1.8 mm.). Head black; the 
antennae mere tubercles, three jointed; the labrum three-sided, the distal and _ 
lateral margins in the form of a continuous convex curve constituting one side, 
the remaining sides formed by the proximal end of the labrum with an angle 


iy BEES LOND-LIEY 





1. The Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 1169. 

2. Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 1903, pp. 325-326. 
3. Bul. 54, U.S. D. A. Bur. Ent:, p. 58, 1905. 

4. Bul. Brook. Ent. Soc., Vol. VI, p. 54. 


5. oe ett: 
October, 1920 


238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


on the median line, the distal margin with a row of comb-like bristles attached 
to the ental surface, two long discal and two long lateral setae, the two groups 
forming a transverse line, and four marginal setae; the mandibles tridentate, 
the two inner teeth subsequal, the outer one much shorter; the thorax and 
abdomen black above except at the sutures and with fine whitish fuscous lines 
dividing the black into distinct areas—there is such a line on the meson of 
the notum of the three thoracic segments and a line on each abdominal segment 
dividing it into two parallel transverse bands, the posterior being the longer; at 
the end of each of these bands a subquadrangular spot, and laterad of each anter- 
ior spot another subsequal in size which bears the spiracle, and laterad of the 
spiracle a much larger spot as long as the width of the segment,”’ (bearing two 
comparatively long hairs; the last abdominal segment bears a row of long fine 
hairs on the posterior edge and the dorsal black spotsgon this segment are 
fused.) ‘““The sternum of the thorax and abdomen pale except a spot on either 
side of the thorax laterad of the legs and homodynamous spots on each ab- 
dominal segment (all of the foregoing spots bearing one or two hairs,) a spot on 
either side mesad of the spots just described (each abdominal spot bears a short 
hair,) and a median broad spot; and the last ventral abdominal segment with 
a well developed proleg, legs blackish except at the sutures.’”* (In many speci- 
mens the lines dividing the segments are decidedly yellow giving the larva a 
banded appearance dorsally. In others these lines and the lines dividing tbe 
black areas are indistinct and the entire dorsal surface appears black. The 
ventral surface is usually yellowish and the median brownish to black spots 
vary in area.) 

Pupa. “Length (5 to) 7mm. Width, (2.6 to) 4mm. Black except the 
sternum of the thorax and abdomen, the apical segment of the abdomen which is 
covered by the cast skin of the larva, the basal segments of the legs, and a median 
tergal line which are yellowish; the legs, wing-pads and antennae not closely 
joined to the body; the very young pupae are lighter (yellowish at first) in colour.” 

Adult. This was described by Linnaeus in 1758 (Syst. Nat. p. 376). The 
following redescription is by Blatchleyg. 

“Oblong-oval, narrower in front, subdepressed. Piceous brown, finely 
pubescent ; thorax dull yellow, usually with three piceous spots; side margin, apex . 
and epipleura of elytra yellowish; under surface and antennae piceous, the 
basal joints of the latter partly dull yellow; legs pale. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, sides rather strongly angulate; front angles small, prominent, hind 
angles nearly obsolete; disk with median narrow depression and a larger one 
each side which is densely punctured and piceous; surface otherwise smooth 
or with a few coarse punctures. Elytra slightly broader behind, margins dis- 
tinctly flattened, surface coarsely and rather closely punctate. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

DeGeer as early as 1775 gave an account of this insect in Memoires 
pour servir & Vhistorie des Insects, vol. V, pp. 326-329, Pl. 10, figs. 1-6, and 
it has received attention since then from other foreign authors. 

Chittendenz states that arsenicals are quite effective remedies in checking 
the beetle on willow and for aquatic plants suggests flooding together with a 
few drops of oil on the water to destroy the floating insects. If this is not possible . 





6: Boe. cit, 
fis © Wrorcgene 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 239 


the arsenical could be applied to the infested plants either as a dust or as a spray. 
If applied as a spray, care should be taken not to use a pressure strong enough 
to submerge the pads. Plant parts well out of the water could be coated readily. 
It was noted that this insect was absent in areas where the pond-lilies were 
entirely covered by the tide each day. 





A NEW GRACILARIA INJURIOUS TO AVOCADO (LEPID.). 
BY AUGUST BUSCK, WASHINGTON, D.C. 
Gracilaria persez, n. sp. 

Labial and maxilary palpi ochreous shaded on the underside with black. 
Face light golden ochreous. Head and thorax purplish ochreous. Antenna 
whitish with black annulations. Forewings light ochreous with a purplish 
sheen especially on dorsal half and apex; a few black scales on costa at basal 
fifth, a small black dot ‘on costa near the middle, and a few scattered black 
scales at apical fifth seem to be constant in all the specimens before me; there 
are also a few scattered black scales on the dorsal margin 
and the extreme apex is slightly clouded with dark scales. 
Cilia very dark nearly black. Hind wings blackish 
fuscous with black cilia. Abdomen blackish fuscous above 





Fig. 22.Harps of Gracilaria persex (1), G. burserella (2) and G. violacella (8). 


light golden yellow on the underside. Anterior tibe thickened with blackish- 
brown scales; posterior coxee and femora golden yellow with broad, black fasciae; 
all tarsi white with extreme tip of each point touched with light brown. 

Habitat.—Miami, Florida. U.S. N. M.-Type No. 23515. : 

Bred from leaves of Avocado (Aquacate), Persea persea, at Miami, Florida, 
during July by Mr. G. F. Moznette, who states that the species is seriously 
destructive to the young growth. The larve are typical of the genus; they 
first make a small mine between the veins of the young leaves, and subsequently 
fold the tip or the sides of the leaf downwards. The cocoon is white, narrow, 
oblong, and is spun in a fold on the leaf. 

The species is typical of the genus; in coloration it is similar to and inter- 
mediate between G. violacell1 Clemens and G. burszrella Busck, but the male 
genitalia are so different in the three species as to indicate that they are not 
truly closely allied. The outline sketches of the harps suffice to separate the 
three species. The vinculum of perse@ is unusually short for the genus, and the 
harps are straight oar-shaped (Fig. 1), very different from the deeply-notched 
harps of burserella (Fig. 2), and the broadly-curved harps of violacella (Fig. 3); 


the last form is the more common in the genus. 
October, 1920 


240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


BOOK REVIEW. 

THE USE OF CARBON BISULPHIDE AGAINST THE WHITE GruB. By W. H. W. 
Komp. Soil Science, Vol. X, No. 1, pp. 15-28. Miscellaneous Soil In- 
secticide Tests by J. J. Davis, Soil Science, Vol. X, No. 1, pp. 61-72, pls. 
12s 1920; 

The above two papers, which are of entomological interest, have recently 
appeared in Soil Science, a journal devoted to soil physics, soil chemistry and 
soil biology. _ While they are clearly within the field of soil biology, it is doubtful 
if they will reach the eys of many entomological readers and, for such a reason, 
it was thought advisable to prepare this brief notice. Mr. Komp’s paper deals 
with the determinations of the maximum dosage of carbon bisulphide non- 
injurious to such plants as blue-grass and clover, the minimum dosage fatal to 
the grub, and the influence of temperature and moisture conditions upon the 
effectiveness of the fumigation. Presumably, Lachnosterna larve were used. 
A detailed account of the experiments is given together with tables showing 
air and soil temperatures, dosages,: effect of carbon bisulphide on plants and 
percentages of grub mortality, using different. dosages at different depths and 
distances in the soil. Mr. Komp concludes that the maximum dosage for 
ordinary lawn and golf-grasses appears to lie somewhere between 1 and 5 ounces 
per square foot and considerably above the former, while the minimum dosage 
for the white grub is about 1 ounce, also that temperature exerts a decided 
influence on the minimum dosage for the white grub (1 oz. at 65 degrees F. and 
less than 1 oz. at 85 degrees or above). The injections should not be much over 
six inches apart. The soil moisture must be medium (10%) to wet (20%) for 
good results. In addition the charge of carbon bisulphide should be placed 
several inches below the point where the grubs are working. A limiting factor 
in the use of carbon bisulphide against the white grub in situations in which 
it cannot be reached by cultural methods is its relatively high cost. According 
to the tables in Mr. Komp’s paper, the number of larve used in a single experi- 
ment varied from 2 to 4, and the mortality figures or percentages are based on 
these numbers. These appear to be far too small to insure any degree of cer- 
tainty in the results. 

The second paper by Mr. Davis reviews briefly the results obtained by 
various workers using such soil insecticides as carbon bisulphide, sodium cyanide, 
potassium cyanide, hydrocyanic acid, calcium cyanamide and kerosene emulsion 
against various soil infesting insects. In addition, he gives the results of his 
own field tests with such materials as kerosene emulsion, creosote preparations, 
corrosive sublimate, sulphuric acid, acetaldehyde, Kopper’s solution, and especial- 
ly sodium cyanide against the grubs of Popilia japonica. Tables are presented 
showing rates of application per acre, areas treated, areas examined, dates of 
treatment and percentages of mortality. After summarizing the present knowl- 
edge of the effect of treatments of cyanide and of cyanide in combination with 
ammonium sulphate on soil, Mr. Davis concludes that while many isolated 
experiments have been made to determine the possible use of sodium cyanide 
as a soil insecticide, the entire study lacks continuity, and that until a con- 
sistent and continuous program of work is inaugurated, very little in the way 
of definite results can be expected. 

October, 1920 Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 

Mailed October 30th, 1920 





























Diapheromera femorata Say.—Pair in copula (natural size) 
and egg (greatly enlarged). 


Che Canadian Cutomalayist 








Vor._LII. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1920. No. 9 








POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


WALKING STICKS. 


BYeG., Be HUTCHINGS, 
Division of Forest Insects, Entomological Branch, Ottawa. 


Walking Sticks belong to the Order of Orthoptera and are classed under the 
family Phasmidae, the members of which present a great variety of form. It 
may be said without exaggeration that the Phasmids exhibit some of the most 
peculiar, curious objects to be found anywhere in natural history. Among this 
strange group of insects are those that resemble leaves of trees, lichen-covered 
bark, stems of grasses and sticks; and so faithfully are these protective character- 
istics portrayed that an observer may readily be deceived by them even when 
actually aware of the presence of the insect. It may be worthy of passing 
notice to mention here that to the Phasmids belong some of the largest insects 
known. In the Tropics, where both sexes develop wings they attain their 
greatest size, six inches being a common length. : 

The particular species to which this paper refers is popularly known by a 
variety of names such as ‘‘stick insect,” ‘‘stick bug,” “‘specter,’”’ “prairie alliga- 
tor,” “‘devil’s horse,”’ ‘‘devil’s darning needle,’’ etc ; the correct name, however, 
is the thick-thighed walking stick, an appropriate one given by reason of the 
remarkably dilated femora. 

It was during the summer of 1918, while engaged on an oak-borer problem 
in Queen’s Park, Aylmer, Que., ten miles northwest of Ottawa City, that the 
writer came upon a number of thick-thighed walking sticks, (Diapheromera 
femorata Say), defoliating oak, basswood and hazel. Several specimens were 
collected for the purpose of making a closer study of the life-history of these 
extraordinary insects and of obtaining notes on egg records, feeding, general 
habits and other biologic data. Observations -were continued during 1919, and 
the results of the two seasons work are briefly recorded in this paper. 

Ecology. The particular locality where most of the collecting was done 
was in a thickly wooded lot covered with a mixed growth, for the most part red 
oaks, but also containing a considerable proportion of maple, ash, basswood, 
hazel, hickory, ironwood, beech, elm, service-berry and large numbers of sumach 
and hawthorn. Here small, green, young nymphs of the walking stick were often 
to be found during June wandering about on the ground over dead leaves and 
mosses, trying to locate some convenient twig or trunk of a suitable host plant 
to crawl upon; or, what was more frequent, would be seen on the trunks of the 
oaks, awkwardly and lazily plodding their way upwards over the roughened 
bark to the tender, green leaves above, where not only abundant food awaited 
them, but also excellent protection from enemies was afforded by means of their 
deceptive colouration. Searching carefully under the large basswood leaves, and 
by moving quietly among the under growth many specimens of half-grown nymphs 


241 


242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


could be located clinging to the twigs and branches, their presence not always 
being detected at first sight on account of the odd similarity of their long thin 
bodies and legs to the twigs and branches they were on, a protective resemblance 
of quite a remarkable character. When disturbed they would often drop sudden- 
ly to earth or nervously jerk themselves this way and that; if irritated they 


exhibited a queer habit of swaying or rolling from side to side, cradle-fashion. — 


Both sexes were taken, but females proved more abundant. Several pairs in 
copula were observed on oak later in the season during August and September. 

Egg. This exceedingly odd and interesting object may readily be mistaken 
for a seed of some kind. In fact one may favourably compare it with that of 
hemp, so closely does it resemble this product of the vegetable kingdom both in 
size and shape. It is for the most part black in colour, and highly polished, 
with a dull whitish keel, shading to olive tints; oval in shape, flattened slightly 
on the sides and quite hard. At one end is the operculum or capsule, a circular 
cover which is dark amber in colour, deeply wrinkled and surrounded with a 
crown of spines, below which a dark oval ring is arranged somewhat obliquely. 
An oblong scar appears on the whitened area, which is very much like the hilum 
of a bean. 

Nymph. The young nymph is bright green in colour, s!ow-moving and 
very awkward. When first hatched the body is about 5/16 of an inch long, 
and is of a yellow-green cast; legs and antennae are prominently long and eyes 
noticeably dark brown. It often happens that some difficulty is experienced 
in emerging from the egg, and it is not an uncommon sight to find the egg shell 
attached to one of the hind tarsi being dragged about by the young stick. This 
may be due to a lack of moisture, for if a drop of water is placed on the shell 
the creature soon extricates itself. The swaying or rocking habit is very marked 
in the youngest of nymphs, even those of one day old. As the adult stages are 
approached, the green tints become tinged with yellow, these again take on a 
darkey shading and tone down to grey-greens, dull-reds, mottled-browns, and 
dark-greys. 

Adults. Generally speaking these insects are long, slim, very narrow, and 
stick-like in shape. The female is much longer than the male and measures on 
an average from 3!/, inches to 3!/ inches in length, and not more than 3/16 
inch broad at the widest part of the abdomen. The head is short and truncate, 
fits closely to the thorax and at first sight appears to be part of same. The 
antennae are situated well in front of the eyes and stand upon strong pedestals 
which are placed widely apart on the head: they are very fine, thread-like organs, 
of many segments and very long, often exceeding 2 inches; the eyes are large, 
bulging and strongly rounded; the palpi long, prominent, and conspicuously 
used while feeding. Not only does the female differ from her mate in length, but 
her front legs are more dilated, the ridges and grooves on these being more dis- 
tinctly and deeply marked; the peculiar curve at the base of the front femora 
which permits the legs to fit very closely to the head is more pronounced than 
in the male; the middle femora are not swollen as is certainly the case in the male, 
and the spurs carried on the femora of the second and third pairs of legs are 
small, insignificant points when compared with those of the male’s which are 
very prominent, sharp and thorn-like, situated near the knee joint. In the 
female the head and legs are without markings, whereas the male has three 


te 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 243 


vertical dark-brown stripes on his head and three broad bands of the same colour 
on the middle femora.- Perhaps the thorax is worthy of more than usual at- 
tention on account of its extraordinary length. The prothorax, or first division, 
is very short and bears the first pair of legs which come off from the centre; 
the second division, or mesothorax, is easily the longest segment in the body, 
averaging 34 inch; while the third, or metathorax, isa little shorter than the 
second, in the last two cases the legs being situated at the very extremity of 
the joints, respectively. The final segment of the male terminates in a pair of 
pincer-like claspers with which he seizes the female securely when mating. ~ 


Copulating habits. Copulation occurs frequently and is often of some 
duration. Jn co.tu the abdomen of the male is ranged at the side of the female 
in a slanting position, the tip being hooked upward somewhat after the manner 
in which a scorpion carries its tail, and brought forward to meet the genital 
opening of the female which is situated on the eighth segment of the abdomen: 
the claspers seize just above the opening and the union is made immediately. 
The front and middle pairs of legs are usually employed to grasp the fernale, 
while the third pair is extended outwards as a support. The female holds to her 
resting place chiefly by the second and third pairs of legs. Sometimes one of 
the front legs will act as a support, say on the side of the cage, while the other 
hangs out into space. The front pair, however, is often extended straight for- 
ward and placed close together appearing as only one member, or spread out 
widely apart and raised somewhat upwards in much the same attitude as that of 
the praying mantis, a near relative of the walking stick. Oviposition begins 
at once. 


Oviposition. This occurs in late summer and autumn, from about the 
middle of August to October. The female walking stick has no interest whatever 
in her eggs after she has laid them. She scatters them indescriminately from 
wherever she happens to be, dropping them from the topmost branches of some 
oak or from a low coppice to the earth—it is all the same to her,—she has finished 
with them entirely and neither knows nor cares afterwards what becomes of them. 
On the ground the majority get covered up in the long grasses or become hidden 
among the dead leaves, mosses and general debris of the woods at autumn time 
in this way they receive protection from birds and other enemies until hatching 
in June. 

Oviposition is an interesting performance. When ready to be deposited 
the egg is slowly pushed down the oviducts to the exterior and as it emerges 
the egg guides are forced downward to receive it. It glides on to these and is 
held there as if in a hand, being supported on either side by two finger-like 
processes. The black and shiny portion lies at the top of the guides and the 
whitened area with its crease and scar at the bottom. The operculum end appears 
last. The egg is held about 5 minutes on the guides and when dry the female 
stirs by walking a step or two, or vigorously jerks her abdomen sideways, sending 
the egg from her to the ground. From laboratory records this summer, the 
two females I had confined in cages laid respectively 152 and 141 eggs, at an 
average rate of three a day. Oviposition was carried on intermittently with 
copulation, eggs being laid up to within a few hours of the death of the female. 
Perhaps one of the strangest habits peculiar to some of the females at this time, 


244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


when oviposition is at an end, is the withering and splitting of the abdomen 
much the same as a bean pod will dry, curl and split open. 


Females in the late fall may be found in this unfortunate spent condition 
with strength only left to drag themselves about awhile longer. Some speci- 
mens in our collection exemplify this most extraordinary characteristic. 


Time of Hatching. Although abundant during 1918 it is worthy of note 
that throughout the past season, 1919, these insects were exceedingly scarce. 
Whether this was due to parasites, or weather conditions, or other controlling 


factors Iam unable to say. A close watch was kept throughout the summer for . 


any sign of their activities but I only succeeded in locating one nymph on June 
14th, and two pairs of adults and one female on August 13. These last were 
collected for egg records and I was able to keep them in the laboratory until 
the beginning of October. 


In his Report of Forest Insects for 1878, I find that the late Doctor Riley, 
of the United States Bureau of Entomology, refers to a communication received 
from a Mr. Snow, of Yates Co., N. Y., in which the latter states that walking 
sticks were unusually abundant every other year and that many of the eggs 
were found to remain on the ground for two consecutive winters before hatching. 
A further reference in this same report is made to the investigations of Messrs. 
Bringham and Trouvelot. These gentlemen, writing in the Proceedings of the 
Boston Society of Natural History, Volume XI, pages 88 to 89, observed that 
the eggs of the walking stick only hatch after an interval of two years. 


Eggs laid in the summer of 1918 and held in storage for winter and spring 
in a box of sand left exposed to the atmosphere failed to hatch last summer. Those 
of 1919 were put into glass vials corked with loose cotton batting and left on the 
laboratory table in a temperature averaging about 70 degrees. On January 28th, 
1920, I-examined several of these and found them well advanced in their em- 
bryonic development. About 18th February, much to my astonishment, a 
nymph made its appearance in one of the bottles, to be followed by several others 
at irregular intervals. I had nothing at the time to feed the youngsters on except 
rock fern (Pteris sp.) to which they did not take happily. Later I tried several 
kinds of green foods, lettuce, tradescantia, geranium, etc., and dried oak leaves 
soaked in water, but to no avail. . The nymphs all died. 


Notes on Habits. The Phasmids have been popularly considered harmful 
and poisonous. Such is not the case. In fact the very reverse is the truth. 
They are quite harmless, inoffensive creatures, strict vegetarians and easily 
managed in confinement. One large female, I had in the house for three months 
and made quite a pet of her. I would often remove her from the cage and 
allow her to walk over a pot of ferns on the table. She would meander up 
and down on the green leaves, not attempting to drop to the table or trying 
to get away. If I put water on the leaves she would immediately take some up 
and blow it out from her mouth in the form of a bubble, then draw it in and 
blow it out again, keeping this up for some time, as it were for my amusement. 
Again I would place her on the table near an electric light. She would walk 
towards it, hesitate, look around as if uncertain what next to do, then rear 
herself, spreading out her long front legs to the light, as much as to say ‘““Humph! 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 245 


I wonder what that is?” and all the time waving her antennae, much the same 
as a cockroach will do when on the scent for food. After the frost came, killing 
most of the vegetation, I would gather a few dried oak leaves and soak them in 
water for her. These she would eat sparingly of, often preferring only to drink 
up what moisture there might be on the leaf surface. Finally I could get nothing 
more green for her in the garden and tried a sprig of white pine needles. These 
she refused. Her egg record dropped to one a day and this only at spasmodic 
intervals. She was getting weak and helpless. One night I found she had 
fallen to the bottom of the cage and seemed unable to move. Next morning 
she was dead. 


Walking Sticks are remarkably strong and adhere tenaciously to clothing, 
netting or roughened surfaces from which it is difficult to remove them without 
injury, since the legs break easily. Very smooth surfaces are no hindrance to 
their movements due to the circular white pulvillus, or suction pad on each 
tarsus, and they will walk up or down the sides of a glass cage quite as easily 
as on the flat table. Feeding usually takes place at night, and during the day 
they rest quietly, for the most part at the top of the cage on the cloth covering, 
head and back downwards. The males spend most of their time im coitu, eating 
little or nothing in confinement. They are the first to die, the females living 
on for weeks afterwards to deposit their eggs. 


Injury. At Aylmer any damage done by this insect so far as I have observed 
has been negligible. There are, however, localities in the States where the walk- 
ing stick has proved a serious pest. Mr. Fernald, Economic Zoologist at Harris- 
burgh, Pa., 1898, reports the appearance of walking sticks near Duncanville 
Pa., “in countless numbers.’’ The trees attacked were mostly chestnut, oak, 
and maple, the area of infestation being over one mile long and half a mile wide. 
Mr. Snow of Yates Co., N. Y., in a letter to Doctor Riley in 1878 relates how 
walking sticks “‘had stripped 25 acres of young timber, mostly white oak and 
hickory, on his reservation.’ 


That such severe infestations as these are likely to occur in Canada I am 
inclined to doubt, but in the warmer sections, such as Niagara Glen, minor, 
local outbreaks may take place, as for example that referred to in Ont. Ent. 
Report, 1904. However, these creatures are very susceptible to cool weather 
and it is quite possible that the early frosts of the more northern latitudes play 
a considerable part in their control. 


Control. The following control methods have been recommended by Doctor 
Riley: Poison the vegetation by spraying with Paris green to kill off the very 
young nymphs and destroy eggs by digging, or burning the grass and vegetation. 
These appear to be very effective measures but I have had no opportunity so 
far to test any of them. One female stick in a sickly condition, I secured this 
summer had eight or ten tachinid eggs on different parts of the body. She 
refused all food and died two days after being brought into the laboratory, 
the body becoming quite limp and withered. I kept the specimen in a vial for 
closer examination, but no evidence of parasites was observed so concluded that 
their life cycle had been interrupted by the death of the host-which perhaps was 
brought about by some other agency than the fly itself. 


246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


SOME NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS LONCHAA 
(DIPPERA; LONCHALIDAD):. 


BY J. R. MALLOCH, 
Uabana, IIl. 


Lonchzea major, sp. n. 

Male.—Shining black, with a slight bluish tinge. Antenne and palpi 
black; arista yellowish at base. Legs pitchy black, the hind tarsi hardly paler 
than their tibiae. Wings hyaline, veins brownish yellow, whitish at bases. 
Calyptre white, fringes concolorous except at junction of upper and lower, 
where there are some long, black, setulose hairs. Halteres black. 

Eyes bare; frons about twice as long as wide, parallel-sided, surface with 
short, moderately dense hairs; upper orbits slightly rugose above, bare; frontal 
lunule hairy; longest hairs on arista over twice as long as its basal diameter; 
third antennal segment about four times as long as its width, extending to mouth 
margin. Scutellum with setulose hairs on margins and between apical bristles, 
the disc bare; pteropleura bare; no hairs adjacent to the stigmatal bristle. 
Abdomen broad, with rather dense, short, setulose hairs on dorsum; fourth 
tergite about 1.5 as long as third. Hind femur without distinct anteroventral 
bristles. Auxiliary vein almost fused with first at its apex. 


Length 6.5 mm. 
Type.—Amazon, South America. Type in British Museum. 


Lonchea nigrocerulea, sp. n. 

Male.—Blue-black, almost metallic in colour. Antenne and palpi black; 
arista pale at base; upper orbits and ocellar triangle glossy. Legs black. Wings, 
calyptre, and halteres as in major. 

Frons about 1.5 as long as wide, sparsely hairy; upper orbits highly glossy 
smooth; third antennal segment about four times as long as wide, extending 
below mouth margin; arista as in major; palpi dilated, slightly protruded. 
Praescutellar acrostichals very long; scutellum as in major; pteropleura bare; 
no bristly hairs adjacent to stigmatal bristle. Abdomen with longer hairs 
than in major, especially at apex of fourth tergite; fourth tergite about twice as 
long as third. Venation as in major, but the antepenultimate section of fourth 
vein is only two-thirds as long as penultimate, whereas in major it is three- 
fourths as long. Hind femur with a few distinct anteroventral bristles. 


Length 4 mm. 
Type.—Barbados (E. F. Becher). Type in British Museum. 


Loncheza striatifrons, sp. n. 

Male.—Glossy steel-blue, the abdomen paler than the thorax. Frons 
shining black, ocellar spot and upper orbits glossy blue; third antennal segment 
reddish at base below. Legs black, tarsi with the exception of the apical two 
or three segments reddish testaceous. Wings clear, yellow at bases. Calyptre 
white, fringes concolorous. Halteres black. 


Frons less than twice as long as wide at anterior margin, not distinctly 
November, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 247 


narrowed anteriorly, the surface of interfrontalia finely striate on upper half 
laterally; orbits narrow, distinctly separated from ocellar triangle posteriorly 
their surfaces microscopically diagonally striate anteriorly; hairs on frons short 
and sparse; third antennal segment three times as long as wide; cheek narrow, 
without dense hairs or strong bristles. Thorax as in poliia Say. Basal 
abdominal sternite with some hairs on each side. Legs and wings as in poliia. 
Fringes of calyptra longer than usual, about six of the hairs at apex of the fold 
setulose and longer than the calyptre. 

Female.—Frons at least one-third of the head-width and less than 1.5 as 
long as wide, not so distinctly striated as in male. Ovipositor as in polita Say. 

Length 4—4.5 mm. 

Type.—Male, allotype, and one male paratype, Santa Clara, Cal. (Baker) ; 
one male, San Diego, Cal. (Harkins collection); one male, Palo Alto, Cal., 
August 3. Type in collection of University of California. 


Lonchea bakeri, sp. n. 

Female.—Glossy black, without distinct bluish tinge, the frons greenish 
blue anteriorly. » Face and cheeks with whitish pruinosity; frons shining upper, 
orbits and ocellar triangle glossy; antenne brownish black. Legs black, tarsi 
yellow, apical two segments darkened. Wings clear, veins yellow. Calyptre 
and their fringes white. 

: Frons at vertex one-third of the head-width, not narrowed anteriorly, its 

length about 1.5 of its width, surface microscopically striate on upper half 
granulose anteriorly, with sparse hairs; upper orbits almost imperceptibly 
striate; third antennal segment not twice as long as wide; face not carinate, 
cheek with 3 or 4 strong, but not very long bristles on lower margin anteriorly. 
A strong bristle on upper margin of mesopleura a little behind spiracle and 
considerably cephalad of the vertical series at anterior margin of haired area; 
scutellum without hairs between apical bristles. Ovipositor not broad, the 
apical hairs very short. Hind femora without antero-ventral bristles; antero- 
dorsal setulz on hind tibize stronger than usual. Veins 3 and 4 very slightly 
convergent apically. Fringes of calyptre normal. 

Length 3 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Type.—Chinangega, Nicaragua (F. C. Baker). 

Named in honour of the collector. 

This species is closely allied to albiceps Malloch, having the same armature 
of the mesopleura, and the same type of frons but without the transverse de- 
pression, and the calyptre white, and venation different. 

Type in collection of University of California. 





AN ADDITION TO BIBLIOGRAPHY ON AGRILUS (Coleop.). 

Through an oversight on our part, a recent paper of Burke’s was omitted 
from the Agrilus bibliography, (Can. Ent., Sept., 1920, p. 204), and is given 
below. 

Burke, Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 325-332, 1917. Contains 
notes on food plants and habits of Agrilus angelicus Horn, A. nivewentris Horn, 
A. granulatus Say, A. anxius Gory, A. acutipennis Mann., A. politus Say. 

C. A. Frost and H. B. WEIss. 


248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


OVIPOSITION BY AN EVANIID, EVANIA APPENDIGASTER LINN. 


BY VERNON R. HABER, 
North Carolina State Dept. Agriculture, Raleigh, N.C. 


Recently the author and his wife witnessed oviposition by an ensign fly, 
Evania appendigaster Linn, in an egg mass of an Oriental cockroach, Blatta 
orientalis Linn. 


On Sunday evening, August 8, 1920, as the female Evaniid drank from 
a drop of water which accidentally had been spilled upon the floor of our room 
she was captured by inverting an ordinary glass tumbler over her, slipping a 
piece of paper between the mouth of the tumbler and the floor upon which it 
rested. As this was done the Evaniid leaped upon the inside wall of the tumbler, 
soon becoming rather restless, for she ran over the inside surface of the glass 
and over the piece of paper upon which it rested. 


Fortunately we had at our disposal an egg mass of a cockroach, Blaéta 
orientalis Linn. which had been deposited in the morning of the same day 
that we captured the Evaniid. By slightly tipping the inverted tumbler we 





Fig. 23.—Oviposition of Evania appendigaster L. 


shoved the Blattid egg mass beneath it. Much to our surprise almost immediately 
there in bright electric lamp light the Evaniid left the inside wall of the con- 
fining tumbler, ran over the Blattid ootheca, crawled over the surface momentar- 
ily as she actively vibrated her antenna and finally settled upon it with the long 
axis of her body parallel with the long axis of the egg mass as it lay upon its right 
side. Having satisfactorily settled herself, lying upon her right side she ex- 
tended her ovipositor and crawling slightly forward she punctured the ootheca 
in the fifth egg cell of the left side, remaining in position for about fifteen minutes. 
She then left the egg mass and resting upon the inside wall of the tumbler actively 
cleaned the ovipositor, wings and antennae. Later, at 10.00 p.m. I turned the 
ootheca that it rested upon its left side. She revisited it but soon ran a short 
distance away and continued to clean her legs, wings and antennae. On the 
following day we introduced another freshly deposited egg mass of the same 
species of cockroach. The Evaniid visited it and running inquisitively around 
it several times she finally tried to turn it upon its opposite side by running across 
the middle of its length dragging the hind legs that they hooked the flanged 
edge of the ootheca. She failed to turn it completely over and left it, apparently 
little concerned by its presence. 

X of the figure represents the ootheca of Blatta orientalis Linn. lying upon its 
right side and the Evaniid in position as she oviposits in the puncture which 
she has made at (a). 

Y of the figure shows the ootheca still in the same position as in X, but the 


Evaniid has left it, showing the oviposition puncture at (a). 
November, 1920 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 249 


NOTES-ON THE COLEOPTERA WITH DESCRIPTION OF 
NEW SPECIES. 


BYG. A. FROST. 
Framingham, Mass. 


(Continued from page 232.) 


Chrysobothris verdigripennis Frost. My type material was taken at 
Wales, Maine, on July 23, 1908, and fortunately included both sexes and the 
extremes of colour variation. Considerable study was given the series the 
following winter, and the characters were carefully worked out so that it was 
apparent that an undescribed species was at hand. After this, spec’mens were 
submitted to Mr. Blanchard who made further investigations, and to whom the 
entire series was sent for a description of the species. He delayed this for some 
months, and when he suggested turning it over to another specialist, I requested 
the return of the specimens and finished my investigations. 

Since the description (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVIII) I have seen but 
one living specimen, which was resting on the trunk of a lone hemlock in a 
small clearing at Monmouth, Me., July 18, 1915. I approached too cautiously, 
and as it took wing the net missed it by an inch. He who would capture this 
agile and watchful insect must be quick and sure, for it tarries not. I recall 
that the original series were resting on beech trunks in the hot July sunshine, 
and after losing several I tried making a quick leap, thrusting the net below 
them and smashing down on them with my hat or a bunch of ferns as they rose; 
This method resulted in sweeping some of the specimens into the net. 

I have also seen one specimen from Connecticut, two from Le Pas, Manitoba, 
(J. B. Wallis), one from Vermont, and a typical male from Port Maitland, 
Nova Scotia, August 2, 1910. A male I retained from the two Manitoba speci- 
mens (July 3, 1917) is only 11 mm. in length and a of dark bronze colour, but 
otherwise typical. Mr. A. S. Nicolay writes me that he has one from Lake 
Superior, and another from the Catskill Mts., New York, August 14, 1889. 


Agrilus lateralis Say. The capture of a pair of this species by Mr. C. W. 
Johnson at St. Augustine, Fla., April 21, 1919, seems to add a new section of 
the country to the already wide distribution of this rather uncommon insect. 
The female of this pair is unusually large, 9.4 mm. It has been recorded from 
Maine (Wales, June 23, 192) to New Mexico. 

Agrilus champlaini Frost. Since the description (Can. Ent., 1912) the 
male holotype has been deposited in the collection of the State Agricultural 
Experiment Station at New Haven, Conn. The female allotype and a typical 
male are still in my collection. The remains of an Agrilus that strongly re- 
sembles this species were dug, together with a dead Saperda obliqua, from a 
gall on Alnus incana at Framingham, Mass. The gall appeared to have been 
mainly the work of the Saperda. Champlaini was described from specimens 
reared from galls on the twigs of Ostrya virginica. 

Agrilus criddlei, n. sp. Form of anxius, less elongate, olivaceous bronze, 
with bluish reflections, slightly shining; antennze reaching beyond the middle 
of the thorax, serrate from the fourth joint, greenish bronze; front slightly 
concave, greenish, occiput very slightly impressed, median line reaching middle 


of front, surface with coarse, rough punctures irregularly confluent. 
November, 1920 


250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Prothorax about one-fourth wider than long, base equal to apex in width, 
sides feebly arcuate, margins slightly sinuous, hind angles with an evident but 
not sharply-defined arcuate carina, disk convex with a shallow basal depression 
in front of scutellum, and two vague fovee in front of middle on each side, surface 
confusedly strigate, intervals punctate. Scutellum smooth, shining. aeneous, 
not carinate. 

Elytra very little wider than the thorax, slightly sinuate behind the humeri, 
a little wider at middle than at base, apices rounded serrulate, not acute; disk 
sub-convex with vague coste, suture elevated behind the middle, basal de- 
pressions moderate, surface imbricate-granulate. 

Body beneath more shining and more bronzed than above, pubescent; 
prosternal lobe emarginate, intercoxal process moderately broad, slightly con- 
cave, tip, acute, surface coarsely punctate becoming asperate toward the tip, a 
smooth space at middle of lobe, propleure less coarsely punctured; metasternum 
with a central smooth, narrow groove, surface coarsely asperate at middle, 
becoming densely irregularly strigate at sides, on the coxal plates and meta- 
episterna; first abdominal segment more finely strigate becoming more sparse 
at middle, rest of ventral segments sparsely punctulate, denser at sides; first 
ventral segment with a broad, shallow groove sparsely strigate above, smooth 
with a few asperities near second segment, on which it becomes smooth and 
vanishes near the posterior edge, last segment eroded truncate, vertical portion 
truncate and smooth; pygidium sparsely coarsely punctate with a projecting 
carina. Front and middle tibiz feebly mucronate, hind tibia simple; claws 
deeply cleft on all the feet alike. Length 7.5 mm., width 2 mm. - 

The type is a male from Aweme, Manitoba, collected by Mr. Norman 
Criddle, to whom the species is dedicated. A male paratype from the same 
locality and date (June 25, 1903) is very similar except that the front is decidedly 
concave. There are at hand a male and a female from Toronto, Ontario, and 
a male from Rigaud, Quebec, all of which seem to belong to this species, but 
as there is but one tarsal claw, and that a middle one, among them, they will 
be merely noted. Dr. Horn mentions a single specimen of this species, without 
locality, under his remarks about anxius (Species of Agrilus of Boreal America. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVIII). 

The most evident character that separates this from anxius is the cleft 
claws of the hind tarsi, but there are many, more obscure, differences that 
appear to be constant when the insects are carefully studied. The head is 
broader between the eyes, front more concave, and more coarsely punctured, 
inner margin of eyes straighter, emargination of clypeus more shallow and 
abrupt, prothoracic margin less sinuate, sides less arcuate, base wider nearly 
equaling the elytra, emargination of the prosternal lobe less deep, beneath 
’ more coarsely and densely sculptured in general, cleft of claws more wide and 
deep. 

Agrilus auricomus Frost. This species has so far turned out to be extremely 
local and occurs only for a very limited period, possibly less than a week. Speci- 
mens of both sexes were taken on a single red oak tree, June 14, 1913, in the 
same locality where the types were taken in 1909. On June 9, 1915, they were 
found on a red oak tree 200 feet north of 1913 locality. It has been found only 
on one tree in the same year, although careful search for it has been made on 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 251 


all the surrounding oaks; no captures have been made after three days in suc- 
cession, and in 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918 and 1919 none were found in the type 
locality. One specimen has been seen from Hubbardston, and a specimen was 
taken from tanglefoot on a white oak in Sherborn, Mass., in July. 

Agrilus crataegi Frost. Since the description from Pennsylvania material 
the species has turned up in Edgebrook and Riverside, Ill. Specimens were 
taken by Mr. Emil Liljeblad, June 12 to 26, 1913, and June 20 and 27, 1914, 
and others by Mr. Carl Selinger on June 11, 1915. A large number of both 
sexes have been examined from this locality, and but one slight colour variant 
noted; in this the cupreous reflections of the posterior fourth of elytra are want- 
ing. Two specimens have been seen from Virginia, taken in June by Mr. 
Nathan Banks. 

Telephorus neglectus Fall. This species was first discovered in the pupal 
state while digging up an abandoned ant hill, April 30, 1910. They were of a 
pinkish colour and soon changed to nearly black. Other pupe were found 
April 27, 1913, and changed to adults on May 4. 

In comparing these adults with supposed carolinus the difference in the form 
of the claws was noticed and specimens of both forms were sent to Dr. W. Horn, 
of Berlin, Germany. He submitted them to M. Pic, who pronounced them both 
carolinus, but Dr. Horn agreed with me that the specimens with the claws 
basally toothed (neglectus) must be placed near dentiger. The type of dentiger 
was then examined and found to be entirely different. There might seem to be 
some question which of the two species was before Fabricius, but from the known 
habitat of neglectus it is probable that the more widely-distributed and generally 
accepted form is the true carolinus. 

Besides the ungual characters, the elytra are more coarsely granulate- 
punctate and slightly more shining, the second and third antennal joints are 
more nearly equal in the female of neglectus. There is also a small angle of the 
yellow (sometimes pinkish) border entrant into the base of the dark thoracic 
disk at the middle; while this is an apparently trivial thing, it is constant in 
my large series, and the species were separated by this character before using a 
lens to examine the claws. 

Laricobius erichsoni Rosen. Several specimens of this rarely-taken beetle 
were found on willow catkins at Sherborn, Mass., April 19, 1913, and May 8, 
1909. In 1919, on May 18, one was swept from the flowering shrubs of Rhodora 
canadensis at Framingham. 

Geotrupes horni Blanchard. The recorded range of this species is con- 
siderably extended toward the northeast by the capture of two specimens at 
Monmouth, Me., while digging under fungi on September 4 and 9, 1917. 

Disonycha funerea Rand. A specimen has been taken at Wellesley, Mass., 
by Mr. A. P. Morse, May 9, 1892, and I have seen another one in the collection 
of Mr. E. J. Smith, of Sherborn. It was originally described from Florida; 
there are two specimens in the Harris collection from Georgia. 


Barynotus schoeneri Zetterst. In the ‘‘Rhynchophora or Weevils of 
North Eastern America’’, by Blatchley and Leng, this species is recorded as 
having been taken at Wales, Me., and Framingham, Mass. This is an error 
due to my carelessness in not verifying the characters of a species of Panscopus 


252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


(probably erinaceus) after getting the name from another collection. My 
single Panscopus erinaceus was so discoloured that I did not until recently 
recognize their resemblance. 

Allandrus brevicornis, n. sp. Form shorter and more robust than 
bifasciatus, black to piceous black with a brassy tint in some specimens. Head 
‘and beak densely, closely punctured with sparse white pubescence, beak dilated | 
at tip, with a very fine but distinct carina extending from in front of the eyes 
nearly to the front margin, eyes prominent; antenne dark piceous, reaching 
the hind angles of the prothorax in the female and passing them by the length 
of the club in the male, first joint short; second nearly equal to third but 
stouter; third longer than the fourth which is equal to fifth; sixth, seventh 
and eighth nearly equal, shorter and broader; club flattened, first joint 
as long as next two. Prothorax closely punctured, gradually narrowed 
in front and abruptly behind the remote’ transverse ridge which is 
nearly straight in the transverse portion and flexed forward at the 
sides where it is distinct nearly to the middle of the prothorax. The 
grayish-white pubescence is irregularly distributed and more evident in 
front of the scutellum, at basal angles and front margin. Elytra with lightly 
impressed, deeply punctate strie; the punctures are larger and more widely 
separated on the disk near the base, becoming finer and less distinct toward the 
apices, intervals densely, finely granulate-punctate, the whitish pubescence 
which is very sparse is condensed on the scutellum, in a median fascia, which 
extends along the suture to base but does not reach the margins at the sides, 
in a less-defined fascia at the declivity, and at the apex. Beneath more densely 
pubescent with grayish-white hairs, which are more evident on the prosternum, 
densely punctate, more shallowly on the abdomen. Length 2 to 3.8 mm. 
Width 0.8 to 2.6 mm. 

This species differs from bifasciatus in its shorter form, black colour, darker 
antenne and legs, shorter and more widely dilated beak, more prominent eyes, 
narrower and more densely-punctured intervals of the elytra, larger, deeper 
and more crowded punctures of the striae, and more especially by the very fine 
carina of the beak (which is so elevated in the male of bifasciatus as to nearly 
equal in height one-half of the width of the beak), and the length of the male 
antenne (which in bifasciatus is equal to the entire body exclusive of the beak). 
The sparse pubescence gives it the appearance of a black insect, while the dense 
pubescence of bifasciatus causes it to appear as a grayish one. The first three 
abdominal segments of the male are slightly flattened. 

This species has been taken frequently by beating dead willows at Fram- 
ingham, Mass., June 19 to July 27. One male from Monmouth, Me., differs 
in the less distinct carina of beak which seems to be situated at the bottom of a 
shallow concavity. I have taken in all at least a dozen specimens of this, but 
none of the real bifasciatus, while in the Blanchard collection there are 10 speci- 
mens of the latter and none of brevicornis. I have at hand two female speci- 
mens belonging to Mr. F. S. Carr, of Edmonton, Alta., which were taken there 
on July 30, 1916, and June 11, 1918. One of these is much larger (3.8 mm.) 
than any of mine, and the whitish pubescence is more dense, contrasting strongly 
with the black denuded places. The carina of the beak in this specimen is 
nearly obsolete. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 253 


The disposition of the types is as follows: Two in the collection of Mr. F. 
S. Carr, Edmonton, Alta., one each in the Museum of Comparative Zoology 
at Cambridge, the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History, the 
National Museum collection at Washington, the collection of H. C. Fall, and 
seven in my own collection. 





A SYNOPTIC: REVISION OF THE ANTHOMYIID GENUS 
HYDROPHORIA ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (DIPTERA). 


BY J. R. MALLOCH, 
Urbana, III. 


The species of this genus with the exception of subpellucens Malloch are 
entirely black, with the tibiz yellowish in a few cases. The thorax is usually 
distinctly trivittate, and the abdomen has a black dorsocentral vitta. With 
the single exception of nigerrima Malloch the American species known to me 
have the halteres with yellow knobs, and all have the arista distinctly hairy. 

There are, I consider, two genera included under this generic name, separable 
as indicated in the first two captions of my key, but it is impossible for me to 
decide with the data available to me what the correct generic names are. 
Acroptena Pokorny is undoubtedly applicable to the group with hairy hypo- 
pleura, this character being used in this key for the first time, but whether 
Hydrophoria is synonymous or not I am unable to say as I do not have the 
type species before me. My object at this time is to place before students of 
the family data for the identification of their material in the composite group, 
such being of more importance than the separation of the larger segregates. 

It is not at all improbable that some of the species recently described by 
me from America. will eventually prove to be the same as European species 
previously described, but the species are so very similar that only a comparison 
of European and American examples will suffice to decide their specific identi- 
ties. Comparison of European examples of ruralis Meigen and subpellucens 
Malloch proves that they are very closely allied if not identical, but there are 
some characters which do not agree entirely, and for the present I have decided 
to consider them as distinct. 

The larve, so far as I know, are aquatic, and the species are mostly northern 
in their distribution, commonest in the northwest. 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


MALES. 

1, Hypopleura with some long hairs on upper margin in front of spiracle....2. 
A Met DATO) fis 3.24.) Nascca elon ce FR ced aE ek, Re: Ret pe 8. 

2. Halteres black; deep black species, with thorax and abdomen almost 
devoid of gray pruinescence; eyes separated by more than width across 
posterior ocelli, the orbits each with a series of long hairs along the 

TET SO 000 pg a a rea ht Ree aaa nigerrima Malloch 
Halteres with yellow or pale knobs; thorax and abdomen with gray pruin- 
escence; eyes usually separated by less than width across posterior 
eee aE es aaa Pepe is (ore UM | N/E REN OR oe 3. 


3. Basal segment of hypopygium with very many stout bristles which are 
November, 1920 


254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


downwardly directed and slightly curved; the segment before it glossy, 
with 3 long bristly hairs on each side of disc..................... arctica Malloch. 
Basal segment of hypopygium either with short hairs or bristles on sides 
or with slender bristly hairs, or the segment in front of it is highly glossy 


and. bare,.or pramose and sparsely hainy:.i Aco aes ee ee ee 4, 

4. Segment in front of basal hypopygial glossy, bare; hind tibia with 4 postero- 
dorsal bristles. hee. Oa Sa Die IRL Sires nee eh eer ee polita Malloch. 
Segment in frane ae ical hy poneenl more or less pruinescent and with 
NUMEeLOUSOMIStly- hairs. 6. o5.5s5. Sole enh oe) Petes Ras Deke ee aes Be 


5. Upper calyptra dark-haired at lateral angle; bristles on abdominal tergites 
most dense and stronger on the portions incurved 


ventrad.. nee fd tk Sere _katmaiensis Malloch. 
Calyptre ditirvely pale- bnived shrethes! on (tengitee: ‘cimoneeee at apices on 
MOR SUATINGE oo react, ROR ae Sak ke ey TLS OE COR se ths SAN SR ears eee 6. 

6. Mid femur with 3 or 4 short, strong bristles on basal half of anteroventral 
surface; hind tibia with 3 posterodorsal bristles........ occidentalis Malloch. 

Mid femur without bristles on basal half of anteroventral surface; hind 
mibia, with: 2 posterodorsal Oristles.. nao ae ace fe see ee ena ee ee a. 


7. Eyes separated by more than width across posterior ocelli; mid tibia with 
a small, anteroventral bristle; processes of fifth abdominal sternite 
moderately stout. with very minute hairs on their apical halves, and 
a sparse fringe of hairs on their inner margins on basal 
halt, i abs: ..proxima Malloch. 

Eyes bneeted ae dese thon width: across WiateriGr it mid tibia with- 
out an anteroventral bristle; processes of fifth abdominal sternite slender, 
with long hairs to apices, their inner margins with a fringe of closely- 
placed, rather long hairs on basal half..>...-...........«........%..dtisa. Meigen. 

8. Fourth tergite (third visible) without a dense tuft of fuscous bristly hairs, 
which are backwardly directed, at each posterior lateral angle.............. 9. 

Fourth tergite with a tuft of fuscous bristles or hairs at each posterior 
fateralamol es dbs! o Bede lais scseeeae seamen. oo 5 Rea see ee eee hes 

9. Abdomen with sides of second and third tergites largely yellowish testa- 
ceous; legs brownish, not deep black; arista with its longest hairs about 


as long as width of third antennal segment.............. subpellucens Malloch. 
Abdomen ‘and legs entirely black; longest hairs on arista not as long as 
width:of-third antennal sepment.) ow ketene, denne 2 ae a mee 10. 

LQ): Hind tibia with a few bristly hairs on posterior surface basad of 
515501 Re A gum Rew Semin MIRTGMEE INL RIORN Es Ear) AMR ED Ceo Mace ba kc 18 10 a. 
Hind tibia without bristly hairs on posterior surface; hypopygium with 
strongest bristles:at/or near its basexn ick sea eh Ln ee ee ea 


10a. Narrowest part of frons not wider than distance between posterior ocelli; 
process of fifth sternite elongate, subcylindrical, their inner margins 

with a few fine hairs, their outer margins with some long 
Intisthesy i iiais neil Ee LE Re keene | aE galeata Malloch. 
Narrowest part of ee as wide as distance across posterior ocelli; process 
of fifth sternite short, broad, glossy, their inner margins fringed with 
long, fine hairs, their outer margins bare......................5 seticauda Malloch. 


rl. 


14. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 255 


Parafacial in profile at base of antenne distinctly broader than third 
antennal segment; eyes separated by at least as great a distance as 
width across posterior ocelli; processes of fifth sternite broad, fringed 
along their inner margins with fine hairs, the disc with a few bristly 
hairs.. Keck SARS iar Chat a Cs. oe J 8 he se ay PO 12. 

Preatacals in praia, at no point as Brnad as ehicd Anbeutel venice eyes 
separated by about width of anterior ocellus; processes of fifth sternite 
narrow, fringed along their inner margins with hairs which apically 
become longer and are incurved, the disc with long, bristly hairs which 
are similar to those on inner margins. iyo: uniformts Malloch. 

Thorax with at least one pair of well- Aes aloned presutural acrostichals; 
mesopleura with 3 or 4 bristles near upper anterior 
AMPIE ik ieeds sa Te ORE coloradensis Malloch. 

Thorax without dictiseuisnable atcsueaeal acrostichals, with fine hairs 
only; mesopleura with a few bristly hairs near anterior upper angle... 12a. 


. Longest hairs on arista much longer than its basal diameter; hind tibia 


with three posterodorsal bristles............................... flavohalterata Malloch. 
Longest hairs on arista not as long as its basal diameter; hind tibia with 
three long and one or two short posterodorsal bristles....cengruwa Malloch. 
Fourth (visible) tergite at middle much’ shorter than third; hind femur 
without bristles on posteroventral surface except one at apex and a 


small one near base; arista plumose basally....................elengata Malloch. 
Fourth tergite at least as long as third; hind femur with some bristles on 
basal half.of posteroventral surface............... 2 ae Ard 14. 


Third tergite with very short ee in feeral voit, SEhe tuft not con- 
spicuous, the tergite not much narrowed laterally; longest hairs on arista 


longer than its basal diameter.. fies itctiizent-».boreahis Mallocin: 
Third tergite with a conspicuous stuft af fone brintles. at lateral margin, 
the tergite much narrowed laterally.. eet eae SORRY ee 15. 


Longest hairs on arista about as aes as Saadeh DE thie antennal segment; 
tergal tuft very dense, the bristles rather uniform in length, not extend- 
ing beyond apex of fourth tergite.............. Lissesless ambigua Meigen. 

Longest hairs on arista not longer aaa its Rael eee. tergal tuft not 
very dense, the bristles of unequal lengths, some of them extending to 
aDey Of abGomeny.\ i": 1s eee Owe ee a: bpitics’ (ams IOSRONSISASD Ee 

FEMALES. 

Hypopleura with a few long hairs on upper margin in front of spiracle, 
rarely these hairs absent or almost so, but all species have the orbits 
with a number of setulose hairs, which are sometimes very long, laterad 
of the piper ital bristles; apical genital segment without short-curved 
spines.. it Sa Oe Rae RON pi TR err. me is oA «SSC 8 Ae le 2 

Fleginibics, emcee no Beas: ‘Kanes. latesad. th: the supraorbitals; apical 
genital segment with a few short-curved spines or bristles besides the 
en A 5584, gone VS Re od Ree NT EUR Es Sh x aac Foxe deeds ca scee 5. 

Halteres 2s bali famine ai a Nog Rees bristles and numerous long 
setulose hairs on anteroventral surface; parafacial in profile distinctly 
broader than third antennal segment..............0..000........ nigerrima Malloch. 

Halteres with yellow knobs.........0......0..cccccecce Poe Remake tN ts et. a 


25 


10. 


BB 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


At least the hind tibia partly or entirely yellowish testaceous; mid tibia 
without an anteroventral bristle; hind tibia with 2 posterodorsal 
bristles’ KiS8 te o8 a Rs tT Ska I wae Re divisa Meigen. 

All tibize black; mid tibia with an anteroventral bristle; hind tibia with 3 
or: more posteroventtar bristles... 544.20. ee dee eis oat cr eee ee 4. 

All tibiz black or fuscous; mid tibia with an anteroventral bristle; hind 
tibia with'2)posterodorsal bristles... f2ktl Ge. ce proxima Malloch. 

Dorsum of thorax and abdomen slightly blue-gray pruinescent; longest 
hairs on arista much shorter than width of third antennal segment; mid 
tibia with one anterodersal bristle: Vue ee ee ee arctica Malloch. 

Dorsum of thorax and abdomen densely pale gray pruinescent; longest 
hairs on arista at least as long as width of third antennal segment mid 
tibia avith 2 sanrerodorsal bristles: "y20 Aina lee polita Malloch. 

Legs brown or dull yellowish, not deep black; basal dorsal abdominal 
segment largely yellowish testaceous on each side; hind tibia with 2 
posterodorsal bristles; longest hairs on arista Cay longer than 
width of third antennal segment; small species, not over 5 mm. in 
DSR Mi va NYT ig earns Pe eee ea Gi ee Fe ee a eueiineems Malloch. 

Legs deep black; aidoiien not yellowish at base; hind tibia with 3 or more 
bristles on posterodorsal surface, the basal one sometimes very weak....6. 

Hind femur with several long hair-like bristles at base on posteroventral 
SUBPAGE si deel cong MeN a PTI RREY, LES WEe cont higla al Oana Ste eee Meee a ae ie 

Hind femur with one bristle at base on posteroventral surface................. 11; 

Costal thorns both small, sometimes barely distinguishable from the 
adjacent setulae, never as long as the inner cross-vein; parafacial in 
profile conspicuously narrowed below, not nearly as wide as third an- 
tennal segment at lower margin of eye....................000. uniformis Malloch. 


. At least one of the costal thorns long and conspicuous, sometimes as long 


as the inner cross-vein; parafacial in profile but little narrowed below, 
as wide as third antennal segment for nearly its entire length................ 8. 

Hairs on arista not longer than its basal diameter; mid tibia with 2 antero- 
ventral bristles; spines on apical genital segment short and strong, 
12-14 in number; hind tibia with one or more posterior 


SOU ce Tae EEE Ne Ta Pasa Ne 1 eh RS ae hae alaskensis, sp. n. 
Hairs on arista much longer than its basal diameter; mid tibia with 1 
anteroventral/ bristles 0 tic acer inet Whe ey ea! 2 a eA Ree ee rte 9. 


Thorax with two or three pairs of weak acrostichals and some hairs in 
front of suture; genital segment similar to that of 


GUESRENSES cts tA Vem tape SRE oh. SRR REINER tk Sak ee seticauda Malloch. 
Thorax with central area in front of suture with 4 or 6 series of weak 
Fate si oe I SW es ok FE ORE aS Shale Nee A ae cle a 10 
Apical genital segment with about a dozen short, strong spines; hind 
tibia with’4 posteredorsal ‘bristles 2.2. yA ee borealis Malloch. 
Apical genital segment with 2 fine, short bristles and some hairs; hind 
tibia with two or three posterodorsal bristles flavohalterata Malloch. 


Mid tibia with one or more short bristles immediately basad of the antero- 
dorsal one; thorax with two or three pairs of presutural 
acrostichals? hse Aare ete LRN Eh CORE Sie ey elongata Malloch. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 257 


Mid tibiawithout short bristle above the anterodorsal one; thorax 
usually without presutural acrostichals............................ambigua Meigen. 


Eydrophoria alaskensis, sp. n. 


Maie and Female.—Thorax indistinctly trivittate. Abdomen with distinct 
dorsocentral vitta. Legs black. Wings slightly brownish in basal cells. 
Calyptre white. Halteres yellow. 

Male.—Narrowest fart of frons about one-tenth of the head-width; 
paratacial at base of antenne at least as wide as third antennal segment; longest 
hairs on arista about twice the basal diameter of arista; cheek about one-fourth 
as high aseye. Presutural acrostichals weak. Abdomen with very long bristles 
on sides of third tergite, some of which extend to or beyond apex of abdomen. 
Fore tibia with one anterodorsal and one posterior bristle at middle; mid tibia 
with two anteroventral, one or two anterodorsal, and four posterior bristles; 
hind tibia with four or five anteroventral, an uneven series on anterodorsal, 
and three posterodorsal bristles, and a few weak posterior setule. 


Female.— Eyes separated by about one-third of the head-width; interfrontalia 
with a fair of cruciate bristles. 

Length 5 mm. 

Type.— St. George Island, Behring Straits, June 8, 1914. Allotype and 72 
paratypes. same locality, June 10-25, 1914, (G. D. Hanna). Paratypes, 6 
specimens, St. Paul Island, Alaska, August, 1910, and three specimens, Pribilof 
Islands, Alaska. August, 19!0, (H. Heath). 

The specimens from St. George Island are in the collection of the United 
States Bureau of Biological Survey. those from the other localities are in the 
collection of the University of California. 

The description of this species was written about six vears ago from a 
report of the insects of the Pribilof Islands which has not yet appeared in print, 
and it is now included to make as complete as possible the synopsis in this 


paper. 





THE PEA MOTH A NEW SPECIES. 


By CARL’ HEINRICH. 
Washington, D. C. 


Laspeyresia novimundi, n. sp. 

Palpi, face, head and base of patagiae dirty, whitish ochreous. Thorax dark 
lead gray. Fore wings dark greyish fuscous with a leaden gloss and in apical 
third a faint red brown suffusion; on eosta-from middle to apex six short white 
geminate dashes inwardly margined by black; from the first of these extends 
a lead bar joining and forming with the inner vertical bar of ocellus a narrow 
glossy and fairly distinct, angulate fascia; from the third geminate dash a similar 
and parallel leaden streak runs toward but does not quite meet the outer vertical 
bar of the ocellus; between the two a thin irregular line of black scales; ocellus 
with four short, narrow, longitudinal lines, bordered on inner and outer sides 
by a vertical bar of semi-lustrous lead coloured scales; cilia concolorous with 
wing. Hind wing dark brown, somewhat paler toward base; cilia: pale brown 


‘at their base shading to white beyond. Underside of fore and hind wings a 
November, 1920 


258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


uniform light. semi-lustrous brown; costal dashes of fore wing rather faint, 





Fig. 24.—Laspeyresia novimundi, male genitalia. Fig. 25.—Laspeyresia nigricana, harpes. 


legs grevish ochreous; hind tibiae and tarsi not banded. Male genitalia of type 
figured. Alar exnanse 12-13 mm. 

Habuat. Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. 

Foodplant. Garden and Field Peas. Eight moths reared by C. L. Fluke 
‘Jr. of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experimentation Station from larvae feeding 
in the pods. Moths issued in July. 

Type. "Cat. Nos2sol4, WS: Ne M: 


This is the species that was identified by Prof. Fernald as the European 
Pea Moth Laspevresia nigricana Stephens and has so figured in our literature. 
It was first reported from Canada, destruction to peas in Ontario, Quebec and 
Maritime Provinces (Fletcher: Experimental Farms Report for 1897, pp. 194- 
195). Under the name nzgricana Stephens it appears in several bulletins (Chitten- 
den a;U-5S.' DD. Ay» Bull.*33. 1902: pp: 96:98, WU, -S..-Dé, A. Bulle yobs: 
VIT. 1909. p. 95). Kearfott records it in the List of Insects of New Jersey and 
had several specimens so named in his collection. In a recent bulletin by 
Mr. C. L. Fluke (‘The Pea Moth, How to Control It,’’ Bull. 310. Agri. Exp. 
State U. of Wis. April, 1920) the life history of the insect here described is given. 
In that publication also appears a note by the author questioning the correctness 
of the earlier identifications. I am now convinced that our pea moth is not 
nigricana or any of the other European Laspeyresia. The genitalic differences 
are quite distinct as the figures of the harpes show. If novimund1 is not a native 
species that has gone over to the pea from some wild legume it has probably 
been introduced from the orient. At any rate the name nigricana does not apply 
and should be dropped from our lists. 





APPOINTMENT OF THE DOMINION ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The news of Mr. Arthur Gibson’s appointment as Dominion Entomologist, 
which took place early in October, will undoubtedly be received with feelings ot 
pleasure and satisfaction in entomological circles throughout Canada. Mr. 
Gibson’s appointment is the natural outcome of his long and faithful service 
as senior officer of the Entomoiogical Branch since its inception in 1914. He 
received his early training under the late Dr. {ames Fletcher, joining the latter 
officer’s staff in 1NY9, and has long been recognized, both in the United States 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 259 


and Canada, as an economic entomologist of wide knowledge and experience. 
His kindly and genial personality and his unfailing courtesy and fair-mindedness 
have made him justly popular among his colleagues. 

Mr. Gibson is a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London, (Eng.); 
Fellow of the Entomological Society of America; Fellow of the American As- 
sociation for the Advancement of Science; President of the Entomological 
Society of Ontario; Associate Member of the American Association of Economic 
Entomologists; Editor of the Canadian Field-Naturalist; Member of the Fame 
dian Society of Technical Agriculturists, etc. 

We extend to Mr. Gibson our hearty congratulations on his well-deserved 
promotion, and wish him every success in the new responsibilities that he has 
undertaken. 





NOTES ON SOME COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN THE VICINITY OF 
DUNEDIN, \PLORIDA, IN ‘THE SPRING OF »1920, WITH.* 
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


Bowles BE ATCHEE Y,: 
Indianapolis, Indiana. 


The work on my ‘“‘Orthoptera of Northeastern America” delayed my trip 
to Florida in the autumn of 1919, and I did not reach Dunedin: until Christmas 
day. After my arrival a severe illness prevented any collecting for six weeks 
or more, and led also to the abandonment of a contempiated trip to Marco and 
other points along the extreme southwestern coast of the State. The first 
collecting was done on February 14, and from then on until April 28, I was in 
the field almost every day. I had hoped that by staying two or three weeks 
later than usual I would find the full spring fauna emerging, and thus make 
amends in part for the time lost during the winter, but the season, as gauged 
by the blossoming of plants, was a fortnight or more late, so that in the main 
the snecies taken or observed were those of previous years prior to April 10. 
However, from time to time I ran across a species new or rare to the State, and 
these, with three or four believed to be hitherto unknown, are treated on the 
following pages. 


Bembidium picipes Kirby. A single specimen was captured Feb. 23 
on a strip of bare muck along the margin of a pond near Dunedin. The first 
record for Florida. It was described from British America, is frequent in 
Indiana and ranges, according to Hayward,. from New England and Lake 
Superior, to Missour1, Kansas and Texas. 


Lebia rhodopus Schwarz. A half dozen specimens have been taken 
about Dunedin, where it occurs from January to April on low ground vege- 
tation; one is also at hand from Ft. Myers, Fla. The only other Florida record 
is that of the type from Tampa. Horn: made it an absolute synonym of L. 
viridis Say and not a variety as stated by Leng., A careful study of the Florida 
specimens, as well as of a score or more taken in Indiana, substantiates my 


1. See Can. Ent., April, 1917, 137. 

2. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIV, 1897, 83. 

3. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X, 1882, 130. 

4. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXIV, 1915, 585. 
November, 1920 








260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


opinion; that rhodopus is a distinct species, the differences pointed out by 
Schwarz, holding good without variation throughout the series. 


Lebia collaris. Dej. A single specimen was beaten from a bunch of 
Spanish moss in high, dry upland oak woods on April 20. It is 5.2 mm. in 
length, and agrees in every particular with Dejean’s original description in 
which the length is given as 2!/ lines, and breadth as 11% lines. The eyes are 
very prominent, as stated by him, the side margins of the thorax very broad, 
recurved and of nearly equal width throughout, while the outer joints of the 
antenne are very dark brown. Attention is called to these points simply for 
comparison with examples of the following species which I had had in my col- 
lection for several years under the name of collaris, their determination having 
been made from Horn’s ‘Revision of the Species of Lebia’’; without access 
to Dejean’s descriptions. 


Lebia nigripennis Dej. Horn in his ‘Revision’? makes this a synonym 
of L. collaris. From the text I judge that he did this without seeing Dejean’s 
type of either species, as he says: Both Dejean’s and Chaudoir’s descriptions 
“‘do not seem to indicate any difference between nigripennis and collaris except 
in size and the colour of the head and thoraxs These characters are ordinarily 
good, but in the present instance the colour of the head and thorax is seen to 
vary in our series.’ He then gives the length of col/aris (including nigripennis) 
as 5 mm., whereas Dejean gives the dimensions of nigripennis as length 134 
lines, breadth 3% line, or 3.5 and 1.2 mm. 

In the four specimens at hand, three from Dunedin and one from Sanford, 
Fla., the size is exactly as given by Dejean for ntgripennis; the eyes are dis- 
tinctly less prominent than in the col/aris specimen above mentioned; the side 
margins of thorax are less wide and very evidently narrower toward the front 
angles; and the outer joints of antenne are pale reddish-brown in all. Leaving 
aside the colour of the head, which is variable, these characters are, in my 
opinion, sufficient, when taken in connection with the much smaller size, to 
restore the name of nigripennis, as I believe that t hese small specimens represent 
the species which Dejean had before him in naming that form. In no one 
species of Lebia does the size vary as much as between these two forms, and 
Dr. Horn apparently ignored this difference in size when he combined the two 
and placed the length at 5 mm. The L. collaris, of Horn, is said by Leng to occur 
in the Middle and Southern States, and has been recorded from several stations 
in Florida. 


Lebia fuscata Dej. This species is sometimes attracted by light, two 
specimens having been taken at porch light on March 15. 


Aphelogenia vittata Fab. One example, April 19. This seems to be a 
rare beetle not only in Indiana but also in Florida. It is not mentioned by 
Schwarz, and is recorded only from Jacksonville and Lakeland by Leng.s All 
of my specimens from both States were taken by sweeping vegetation in low, 
damp localities. 

50. Gol. Tatd: (1910; 145) 
6. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, 354. 


7. Trans. Amer. Ent: Soc., IV, 1872, 136. 
8. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist: XXXIV, 1915, 586. 











THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 261 


Selenophorus ovalis Dej. My first specimen of this Carabid was found 
running across the sidewalk near the Club House Annex on March 16. Two 
others were taken at the same place on March 28. It is usually regarded as 
rare, is known only from Georgia and Florida, and resembles the more common 
S. fossulatus Dej., but is smaller and with the rows of dorsal punctures much 
less prominen,. 

Canthydrus addendus, sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval, glabrous, shining. Head and thorax reddish-brown; the 
latter with front margin clouded with fuscous; elytra dark chocolate brown; 
antenne, legs and under surface pale reddish-yellow. Head finely alutaceous, 
impunctate, much broader and more convex than in C. gibbulus (Aubé), the 
interocular space nearly twice as wide as there; clypeus much more broadly 
rounded; eyes larger, less convex,,more coarsely facetted. Thorax with a few 
very fine punctures on the sides and along the front margin. Elytra oval, very 
convex at middle, the apical third strongly tapering; surface distinctly alutaceous, 
more coarsely and much more sparsely punctate than in gibbulus. Prosternal 
process behind the front coxe narrow, spatulate, both it and median plates 
of meso- and metasterna very finely and sparsely punctate; hind margin of 
median metasternal plate subtruncate, its outer apical angles apse Last 
ventral segment of both sexes compressed and subcarinate at middie. Length 
3-3.2 mm. 

Described from 20 specimens taken April 1 from a mass of water weeds in 
a shallow pond one mile northeast of Dunedin. Allied to gibbulus but distinctly 
larger and more convex. Besides the differences pointed out the median sternal 
plates of gibbulus are very coarsely and densely punctate, and the hind margin 
of the metasternal one is widely and deeply marginate. Cotypes of addendus 
are in the American Museum of Natural History and the collection of H. C. 
Fall. 

Hydrochus minimus Blatch. <A second specimen of this minute and 
very distinct species was taken March 24 from a submerged board in the same 
pond as the preceding. 

Coccinella 9-notata Hbst. Although this well-known species or its 
varieties are said to range over the entire United States, I can find no previous 
record of its occurrence in Florida. In a collection of beetles, mostly taken at 
porch light in July and sent to me from Dunedin, I found a single specimen. 

. Aulonium parallelopipedum Say. One specimen March 15 from be- 
neath bark of dead water oak. Not before recorded from Florida but mentioned 
in the Schwarz MS. list 10 from Tallahassee and Crescent City. 

Botrodus estriatus Casey. One specimen, Feb. 11. Beaten from dead 
limb of red bay at Skinner’s hammock. Described from Texas.;; No pub- 
lished record from Florida, but Schwarz (Ms.) has taken it at Crescent City. 

Conotelus punctatus Scheffer. This Nitidulid was describediy from 
Lake Worth, Fla. I have taken it at Little River, Utopia and Dunedin by 
sweeping vegetation in low grounds. The elytra are brown with fine but dis- 
tinct elongate punctures in evident rows. 


9. Described in Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XLI, 1919, p. 317, from a unique. 
10. See footnote, p. 419, Can. Ent., Dec., 1918. 

11. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., ¥; 1890, 320. 

123.) Journ: Noy = Ent. Soc., XIX, 1911, 116. 





262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Tenebroides floridanus Scheffer. A single specimen of this recently 
described; Ostomid is in my collection from Moore Haven, where it was taken 
March 2 from beneath the bark of a dead custard apple shrub. Schaeffer’s 
type in the U. S. Nat. Museum was from Key West. 


Limnichus nitidulus Lec. Four specimens have been taken about 
Dunedin where it accurs beneath bark of dead bay trees and on foliage of low 
plants. Described from Georgia. Recorded by Schwarz as very rare at Enter- 
prise, Florida. 


Agriotes insanus Cand. One specimen, March 20, beaten from cak- 
No. species of A griotes has hitherto been reported from Florida. The range of 
A. wnsanus is given by Leconte as, ‘‘Massachusetts to Illinois, Kansas and 
Texas.” It is frequent in Indiana where it occurs on the greater ragweed, 
Ambrosia trifida L. 

Agriotes oblongicollis Melsh. One specimen was taken March 21 by 
beating the foliage of the wax myrtle, Myrica cerifera L. Leconte; gives its 
range as ‘“‘Georgia to Canada and Illinois.’’ Although -Leconte and Horn in 
characterizing the genus A griotesy, state that the front is ‘‘not margined behind 
the labrum,” it is distinctly so margined in A. oblongicollis, as mentioned by 
Melsheimer in his original descriptioniz. 


Drapetes geminatus Say. Hitherto known from Florida only from 
Enterprise, where Schwarz found it ‘‘very rare.’”’ A single specimen was taken 
April 14 by sweeping ferns in Skinner’s hammock. 


Agrilus concinnus Horn. This large and handsome Agrilid was de- 
scribedis from ‘‘Georgia and Florida,” without definite locality. A single example 
was swept from low huckleberry bushes on April 11. 


Tytthonyx flavicollis, sp. nov. 


Elongate-oblong, depressed. Elytra and legs black, strongly shining, 
finely pubescent; head, except front of occiput, thorax, scutellum, prosternum 
and side pieces of meso- and metasterna bright reddish-yellow, antenne and 
under surface (except as noted) piceous black. Antenne broad, very strongly 
serrate, second joint half the length of third, which is slightly shorter than the 
fourth. Thorax transversely elliptical, larger than in erythrocephalus, its margins 
thickened and angles all rounded; disc almost smooth and with a deep, entire 
median furrow. - Elytra at base not wider than thorax, reaching second abdominal 
segment, their tips separately rounded; the disk of each with three distinct but 
feeble costz, the intervals strongly transversely ruigose. Last ventral with a 
small subacute median notch. Length 4.5 mm. 

One male swept April 18 from the foliage of a low huckleberry. Differs 
from both T. erythrocephalus Fabr. and ruficollis Schzeff. in colour, in sculpture 
of elytra and in the form of emargination of the last ventral. 

Telephorus bilineatus Say. One specimen from beneath a chunk, 
March 31. I was surprised to find that this common northern Lampyrid was 


135) Journ Ne Y. Ent. Soc), XVI 1O1Ss100: 
14. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1884, 15, 

15) eocscrteds p: 16; 

16. Class. Col. N. Amer., 1883, 186. 

17. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., II, 1845, 218. 

18. Trans. Amer, Ent, Soc., XVIII, 1891, 310, 








THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 263 


not heretofore recorded from Florida, Leconte gives its ranges as ‘“‘Atlantic 
region to Kansas.” 


Odontzus filicornis Say. A male of this uncommon Scarabid was 
taken at porch light on March 15. Horn gives its ranges as ‘“‘Middle and 
Central States,’’ but Schwarz records one specimen from Enterprise and, in 
his Mss. notes, another from Tampa. 


Ecyrus exiguus Lec. One specimen beaten from oak, March 22. The 
first record for Florida, ‘ts range being given by Leng and Hamiltons; as Ohio, 
Georgia and Kansas. 


Mecas femoralis Hald. One specimen taken by sweeping, April. 20. 
Schwarz lists it as rare at Fort Capron and Crescent Citv. 


Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Foist. Two specimens taken on milkweed 
July 15 and sent to me. This is another common northern species of wide 
range which has not before been recorded from Florida, though known from 
South Carolina, Leuisiana and Mexico. 


Cryptocephalus aulicus Hald. One specimen taken by sweeping vege- 
tation along a sandy roadway. A rare species, resembling Griburius larvaius 
Newm. in colour and markings. Described from Georgia and known only 
from that State and Florida. Recorded by Castle and Laurent from Enter- 
prise and noted in the Schwarz Mss. from St. Augustine. 

Graphops varians Lec. Two specimens beaten from oak, March 19 
and April1l0. The first record from Florida. Leconte gives its ranges as Illinois, 
Texas and Kansas. 

Phyllotreta liebecki Scheffer. This is the species recorded by meg; 
under the name Phyllotreta robusta Lec. as common at Sanford along the borders 
of cypress swamps. Schaeffer’s types were from Enterprise, and he stateses 
that it is closely allied to robusta but in that species the ‘‘fifth antennal joint is 
prolonged at apex, and the last ventral has a very deeply impressed median 
line.”’ 

Synchroa punctata Newm. A rare species in Florida. Schwarz lists 
one specimen from Haulover and I took one, Feb. 27, and another, April 19, 
from beneath the bark of a dead red bay tree, Persea borbonia L. 

Canifa pusilla Hald. One specimen July 15, at porch light. Described 
from South Carolina, frequent in Indiana, but not before known from Florida. 


Tachygonus minutus, sp. nov. 


Short, broadly oval. Black, strongly shining; legs and antennze wholly 
testaceous. Beak reddish-brown, strongly shining, devoid of punctures; eyes 
large, almost contiguous; occiput very minutely and sparsely punctured. Thorax 
bell-shaped, coarsely and densely punctate on sides and with a large rhomboidal 
smooth space at middle, a tuft of white hairs near each hind angle and a thinner 
aggregation of similar hairs on sides. Elytra with double rows of coarse, deep 
punctures, each of which gives rise toa yellowish inclined seta; umbones promi- 


19. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., TX, 1881, 54. 

20. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., III, 1871, 50. 

21. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, 137. 
22. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 184, 26. 

23.— CanSEnt: XLVI, 1914, 142; 

24. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Sac., XXVIJ, 339. 





264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


nent; intervals very narrow, the alternate ones feebly costate;a small divided and 
divergent sutural tuft of white hairs on basal third. Hind legs not much longer 
than the middle ones, armed on inner side with three or four minute teeth. 
Sides of meso- and metasterna coarsely punctate and clothed with white hairs. 
Length 1.3 mm. 

Described from a single specimen taken April 19 by sweeping ferns in 
Skinner’s hammock. Allied to T. ceniralis Lec., described from Colorado, but 
smaller, with head more finely punctate and sculpture of elytra very different. 

Derolcmus bicolor Lec. Cne specimen, April 23, from the leaves of a 
thistle on Hog Island. Known heretofore only from Enterprise, New Smyrna 
and Capron on or near the east coast of Florida. 


Lixus leptosomus,, Blatch. Two examples swept, April 11, from low 
herbage along the railway embankment north of Dunedin. The unique type 
from Sanford, Fla., was the only specimen hitherto known. 


Barinus elusus, sp. nov. 

Elongate, subparallel, convex. Black, shining; legs and antenne reddish- 
brown; thorax with a broad stripe of transversely placed white scales on each 
side; elytra with the second intervals covered their full length with similar 
scales, bases of third, fourth and sixth intervals, side pieces of meso- and meta- 
sterna and sides of last three ventral segments similarly clothed. Beak stout, 
strongly curved, about three-fourths the length of thorax, very fnely and 
sparsely punctate above, more coarsely on sides of basal half. Head finely. 
alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate. First joint of funicle two-thirds the 
length of the rest united. Thorax subcylindrical, one-fourth longer than wide, 
rather finely punctate, the intervals feebly alutaceous and equal in size to the 
punctures. Elytra scarcely wider at base and nearly twice as long as thorax, 
sides parallel to apical fourth, then strongly converging to the separately rounded 
tips; striae narrow, deep; intervals flat, feebly alutaceous, each with a.single 
row of rather fine, shallow, irregularly placed punctures. Under surface coarsely 
and densely punctate, the last three ventral segments more sparsely so. Length 
3 mm. 

Two specimens taken March 30, April 19 by sweeping aleng a roadway 
through Skinner’s hammock. Allied to cribricoil:s Lec., but distinct in the 
more slender form, arrangement of white scales, longer thorax, alutaceous 
surface, etc. 

Cylindrocopturus nanulus Lec, Five specimens beaten April 26 from 
‘the foliage:of Ampelopsis in low, moist grounds. Known from Florida here- 
tofore only from Enterprise, . 

"95. Can. Ent., XLVI, 1914, 249. 








Mailed December 13th, 1920 





Can. Enrt., Vou. LII. PLATE VIII. 





Work of beetles on immature Grimes’ Go!den apples and on leaf 
of Virginia Creeper. 


Che Canadian Entomologist 


VOL. LL. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1920. No. 12 





POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


THE CRANBERRY ROOTWORM BEETLE (RHABDOPTERUS PICIPES) AS AN 
AppLE PEsT. (COLEOPTERA). 


BY WESLEY S. SAWYER. 
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 


On June 28, 1920 the writer’s attention was called to a peculiar injury to 


apples in an orchard near Sodus, New York. Small, bronze-coloured leaf beetles 


_were found in great numbers feeding on the fruit. They were later determined 


by Mr. Charles W. Leng as Rhabdopterus picipes Oliv. This beetle is widely 
distributed throughout the eastern United States, ranging westward to the 
Dakotas and Texas. The beetles have been recorded as feeding on the leaves of 
basswood, myrtle, wild grape, and on the foliage and fruit of the cranberry. 


In the larval stage the insect is a serious enemy of cranberry, attacking the roots. 
S », 2 


In the orchard at Sodus the beetles confined their attack to the fruit, especial- 
ly Grimes Golden, eating out a shallow, irregular, hieroglyphic-like channel on the 
surface (Plate VIII). About 75 per cent. of the apples were injured in this manner. 
The beetles continued feeding until about the middle of July, after which time 
they were to be found feeding on the foliage of Virginia creeper, dock, and wild 
strawberry. Apple leaves were not attacked. When feeding on the foliage 
the beetles ate out holes through the leaf, shaped very similar to the channels 
on the fruit (Plate VIII); in some cases riddling the leaves so that only the veins 


remained. About the first of August the beetles disappeared. 


During the past season, the work of the insect seemed to be confined to the 
vicinity of Sodus and Savannah, New York. In the latter place it was most 
abundant on the foliage of wild strawberry and dock. The damage to the apples 
in this locality was not great. 


Attempts to kill the beetles by spraying with arsenate of lead were un- 
successful. Arsenate of lead (powdered) five pounds in one hundred gallons 
of summer strength lime sulphur was applied with great thoroughness, without 
either killing the beetles or driving them away. 


265 


266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM. BRITISH COLUMBIA. 


BY E. H. BLACKMORE, 
Victoria, B: C. 


Noctua. 
Czenurgia erechtea Cram. form parva form. nov. 

This form is the spring brood of erechtea and is distinguished from the typical 
or summer form by its uniformly smaller size. measuring 35 mm. in alar expanse 
as compared with 42 mm. in typical erechtea. 

The colours and markings of both male and female are exactly the same as 
in evechteca but, of course, on a reduced scale. It flies in April and May, while 
erechtea is not on the wing until July and August. 

Described from 10 specimens, 6 o’s and 4 @’s collected by the author. 

Holotype.— oo, Victoria, B. C., April 29th, 1913. 

Allotype.— @ , Victoria, B. C., April 22nd, 1912. 

Paratypes.—5 o’s, Victoria, B. C., April 22nd, May 4th, 6th, 18th, 1913, 
April 22nd, 1917; 3 @’s, Victoria, B. C., April 18th, May 4th, 1913, May 13th, 
1917. 

Types and paratypes in author’s collection. 


LASIOCAMPIDZ. 
Tolype dayi, n. sp. 

Male.—Palpi seal brown tipped with white; front seal brown; thorax 
slate-grey shading into pale grey on metathorax, with the usual brown crest 
of raised scales; abdomen dark slate-grey shading into lighter grey laterally. 
Primaries light grey with median and sub-terminal spaces dark grey; maculation 
very close to velleda, but differs in the course of the outer edge of the median 
space, which is more sinuate in the new species. 

The sub-terminal space is much narrower in dayi than it is in velleda and 
is of a more even width throughout. Terminal line white; fringe grey, paler 
externally. Secondaries, basal area smoky; median band paler followed by a 
sub-terminal smoky band which is produced into an angle at vein 4. 

Underneath much as above but paler and the maculation less distinct. 

Female.—Front and thorax chalk white-in contradistinction to the yellowish 
white of velleda Stoll, and lowrtei B. & McD.; abdomen banded with dark and 
light grey and densely clothed with longish white hairs. Primaries very much 
paler than the male, and all the veins outlined in white. 

In this sex there is a tendency in the dark grey sub-terminal space to be- 
come obsolete outwardly from vein 6 to inner margin, thus giving the lower 
half of the s. t. space the appearance of a narrow, dark band. 

Secondaries same as in the male but much paler. 

Expanse.—Male 34-85 mm. Female 41-42 mm. 

Described from two males and five females all taken on Vancouver Island. 

Holotype-—?, Quamichan Lake, near Duncan, B.C., Sept. 3rd, 1915, 
G. O. Day, and in the collection of the author, through Mr. Day’s kindness. 

Allotype.—o@, Sluggett, V.I.-, Sept. 18th, 1916, W. Downes, and in the 
collection of the author, through the kindness of the captor. 

Paraiypes.— One male, Victoria, B. C., Sept. 1st, 1916, taken by the author 
and in his collection: 3 females, Quamichan Lake, V.I., Sept. 13th, 1906, Sept. 


December, 1920 


Pe ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 267 


13, 1911, and Sept. 20th, 1914, G. O. Day, and in his collection; 1 female, Slug- 
gett, V. I., Sept. 24th, 1916, W. Downes, and in his collection. 

The last-named is somewhat damaged, being broken on inner margin of 
primaries. 

The females vary in depth of colouring on primaries, one of the Quamichan 
Lake females being very dark, giving the insect a rather slaty-grey appearance. 

I take much pleasure in naming this species after my friend Mr. G. O. Day, 
who has done much good work in describing the life-histories of many of our 
western species. 


The following notes, given to me by Mr. Day, on the egg and cocoon of 
this species are of interest. 

Egg.—‘‘A female found at rest on Sept. 3rd, 1915, extruded 5 eggs when 
in the killing tin. The eggs were of a dark olive green, joined together end to 
end, and thinly covered with hairs from the tail of the parent moth. The hairs 
appeared to be fastened on by the sticky surface of the egg itself—sideways and 
irregularly. The surface of the eggs were pitted all over. The eggs were 
evidently infertile as they became concave on one side after a few days.” 

Cocoon.—‘‘On a former occasion a cocoon was found on an old fence post, 
a small cavity having been made by the larva and covered by a tough web 
composed of silk and fragments of excavated wood. The cocoon resembled a 
blister on the post.” 

GEOMETRID&. 


Eustroma nubilata Pack. form macdunnoughi, form. nov. 


This form differs from typical nubilata in having the ante- and post-median 
bands and the terminal area on the primaries wholly suffused with dark brown, 
which is only a degree lighter than the very dark median band. The extra- 
discal line is faintly shown as a narrow, white line which is more pronounced 
costally, while the crenulate s. t. line is also picked out in white. 

The secondaries in the male have the basal area whitish, shading into dark 
fuscous from the extra-discal line outwardly, becoming deeper towards the 
margin, while in the female they are wholly suffused with brown, the suffusion 
being somewhat paler basally. It files with typical nubilata and although not 
common, it occurs regularly every season. Named in honour of Dr. J. H. 
McDunnough, to whom I am deeply indebted for his kindly help and advice 
in my efforts to straighten out our British Columbia Lepidoptera. 

Altar expanse.—Male 30-32 mm. Female 33-36 mm. 

Described from 12 specimens, 8 males and 4 females, taken on Vancouver 
Island and the Lower Fraser Valley. 

Holotype.—, Rosedale, B.C., June 19th, 1917, taken by the author and 
in his collection. 

Allotype-— 2, Rosedale, B. C., June 23rd, 1917, a, by the author and 


in his collection. 


Paratypes.—4 o's, Goldstream, B. C., May 18th, 1915; Vancouver, B. C., 
June 18th, 1917; Rosedale, B. C., June 23rd, 27th, 1917, taken by the author 
and in his collection; 1 &, Vancouver, B. C., May 7th, 1905, R. V. Harvey, 
and now in the author’s collection; 1 o&, Chilliwack, B. C., June 26th, 1918, 
W. B. Anderson, and in his collection; 1 @, Fraser Mills, B. C., July 20th, 1920, 


268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


L. E. Marmont, and in his collection; 2 2’s, Rosedale, B. C., June 24th, 1917, 
Cloverdale, B. C., June 15th, 1917, taken by the author and in his collection; 
1 2, Duncan, B.C., June 28th, 1895, E. M. Skinner, and now in the author’s 
collection. 


Dysstroma sobria Swett. form swetti., form. nov. 


In the Can. Ent., Feb., 1917, p. 64 et seq., Mr. L. W. Swett gave a paper 
on the genus Dysstroma, in the course of which he described some new abbera- 
tions, or, as I would prefer to call them, forms of our large Vancouver Island ° 
species, which he had at that time identified as mulleolata Hulst. 


There has been considerable doubt as to what Hulst’s muilleolata really is, 
Mr. L. B. Prout, of London, Eng., being the first one, I believe, to associate 
this large form with muiiieolata (vide Trans. Lon. Ent. Socy., 1908, p. 38). 
Drs. Barnes & McDunnough in further notes on this genus (Cont. Lep. No. 
Amer., Vol. 3, No. 4, March, 1917, p..228), accepted Mr. Swett’s identification 
of mulleolata, although with a certain amount of reserve, as there were several 
discrepancies between Hulst’s type and his description. Later, (ibid., Vol. 
IV, No. 2, May, 1918, p. 187) on an examination of the type specimen by Dr. 
McDunnough, the authors came to the conclusion, for reasons which are clearly 
set forth and which seem exceedingly logical, that Hulst’s mulleolata is the 
smaller, white-banded form of citrata L, which Mr. Swett had previously called 
punctum-notata Haw. This is the form which in favourable years is very com- 
mon on Vancouver Island in the month of August. 


Accepting Barnes’ & McDunnough’s identification of mulleolaia to be 
correct, (and with which I fully agree) will leave our large, wnite-banded form 
without a name. According to the rules of the International Code, the first- 
named form ,i.e., sobria, given by Mr. Swett, will stand for the group collectively, 
and I propose to give the name sweéti to the white-banded form, a description 
of which follows: : 

Head, front and palpi, cinnamon brown, thorax the same, intermingled 
with a few lighter hairs. Primaries, basal area dark brown, followed by another 
white line, slightly sinuous. The central area is white, irregularly bordered 
with black anteriorly and posteriorly, the posterior portion being wider and 
more pronounced costally. The amount of white in the central area is some- 
what variable, especially between the sexes, the females as a general rule hav- 
ing a much larger proportion of white than the males. The outer border of 
central area is edged narrowly with white, while contained within the white 
area is a black linear discal mark. The subterminal area is tawny, shading 
into dark brown, especially opposite the discal mark, where it appears as a 
dark diffused blotch. The s. t. line is white, dentate, and rather faint. There 
is a small, yellowish-white sub-apical mark on the costa. Fringe pale, darker 
at the termination of the veins. 

Secondaries, dark fuscous with the extra-discal line distinctly outlined in 
a paler shade and being acutely angled between veins 3 and 4. Black discal 
dots small but distinct. 

Underneath primaries dark fuscous with central area. showing through 
darker, a large yellowish patch on costa. Secondaries same colour with extra_ 
and intra-discal lines strongly marked. Discal spots reproduced on all wing, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 269 


but those on secondaries larger and more prominent. Alar expanse—males, 
35-37 mm., females 38-40 mm.* 

I take great pleasure in naming this form after Mr. L. W. Swett, who 
has done a great deal of pioneer work in this group, and to whom I owe much 
of my present knowledge of the Geometride. 


Described from five males and five females, all taken by the author at 
Victoria, B. C. 

Holotype.— oo’, Victoria, B. C., June 20th, 1914. 

Alloiype.— @ , Victoria, B. C,, May 22nd, 1915. 

Paratypes.—4 males, Victoria, B.C., June 22nd, 1914, June 24th, 1915, 
July 1¥th and 22nd, 1920; 4’ females, Victoria, B.C., June 16th, 1914, June 
24th and 26th, 1915, July 17th, 1920. 

Types and paratypes in the collection of the author. 


It is easily distinguished from mulleolata on account of its larger size, its 
ruddier appearance, and the shape of the extra-discal line on secondaries. Also 
by the fact that normally swetti flies in June, while mulleolata makes its ap- 
pearance in August. 

This year, being an abnormally late year, swetti did not apparently emerge 
until the beginning of July, as the specimens that I took on the 17th and 22nd 
of that month were a little worn and had been on the wing for at least a couple 
of weeks. 

The list of species in this particular section of the genus Dysstroma will now 
stand as follows:— 

Dysstroma 

citrata Linn. 

form immanata Haw. 
mulleolata Hulst = punctum-notata Swett. (nec Haw.). 
sobria Swett. 

form subumbraia Swett. 

form ochrofuscaria Swett. 

form swetti Blackmore =muilleolata Swett. (nec Hulst). 

I do not think that mulleolata will prove to be a valid species, but will 
eventually turn out to be a form of citvata: for the present, however, it will be 
better to leave it as it stands until the life-histories of the various citrata forms 
can be worked out. 


Eulype albodecorata, nov. sp. 

This new species is very closely allied to hastata L., and had perhaps better — 
be described in a comparison with that well-known species. 

Palpi, head, thorax and abdomen as in hastata. Primaries, basal area 
black, followed by a narrow white basal line, which is gently curved from costa 
to inner margin. Sub-basal band black and wider, similarly curved. An 
irregular ante-median band, white, and about the same width as sub-basal. 
The broad black median band so characteristic of typical hastata isin this species 
broken up and considerably intermingled with white. Post-median white band 
rather narrower than in hastata, especially costally, with black spots on the 
veins. The spots vary in number; in some specimens there is a spot on each 


270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


vein, while others have spots on only two or three veins. Terminal area and 
sagittate mark as in hastata. 

Secondaries.—It is on these that the most striking difference occurs, the 
large black basal area of hastata giving place to a small, dusky basal patch, the 
rest of the wing, nearly to the outer margin, being clear white, with the exception 
of a narrow, irregular, broken, black, post-median band which is more pro- 
nounced in the holotype than in most of the other specimens. The black 
outer margin is slightly narrower than in hastata. Underneath, all the markings 
of the upper side are reproduced in detail. Another slight difference which 
appears fairly constant is in the fringe of the primaries, which in hastata is regu- 
larly and evenly black and white checkered, but in albodecorata it is quite black 
from the apex to the sagittate mark, below which it becomes as in hasiaia. 


Alar expanse 31-34 mm. 

Described from 28 specimens, 14 o’s and 14 9’s taken by the author at 
Goldstream, B. C. 

Holotype.— &%, Goldstream, B. C., June 7th, 1916. 

Allotype.— 2 , Goldstream, B. C., May 18th, 1915. 

Paratypes.—13 o&’s, Goldstream, B. C., May 8th, 20th, 1915; June 11th, 
1913; June 3rd, 1915; June 6th, 7th, 8th, 1916; 13 9’s, Goldstream, B.C., 
May 8th, 1915; June 3rd, 1915; June 6th, 7th, 9th, 1916; July 4th, 6th, 1916. 

Types and paratypes in the author’s collection.+ 

At first I thought this new species was.a white form of hastata, but having 
had both species under observation for several years, I came to the conclusion 
that they were distinct. 

In the first place, albodecorata is on the wing from a week to ten days earlier 
than hastata, although the date of appearance depends upon the season. Dur- 
ing the years 1915-16 and ’17 I gave special attention to the dates of their ap- 
pearance, and although the season varied in each of those three years (1915 
being an especially early year) hastaia never put in an appearance until the 
new species had been flying for at least a week. Secondly, although both 
species are subject to a certain amount of variation within certain limits, I 
have never known them to intergrade and when one is-acquainted with both 
species, it is comparatively easy to sort them out by their general habitus. 


PYRALIDZ. 
Herculia florencealis, nov. sp. . 

Palpi deep yellow with a few scattered red and black scales exteriorly. 
Face and head light fawn, thorax a darker shade of same colour. Antenne 
fawn, but the scales on each segment are dark tipped, giving them an annulated 
appearance. Abdomen deep cream colour, each segment ringed with dark 
brown, posteriorly. Primaries, basal area fawn colour, with a few scattered 
black scales which are accentuated along the costal region, central area a wide 
brown band with its interior edge strongly dentate from costa to inner margin; 
the exterior edge extends obliquely outward from costa to veing b, thence 
curving gently inward to inner margin and being finely crenate. 

On the costal margin of this band are five small sub-quadrate yellow patches. 
Bordering the wide median band is a narrow yellow streak beginning at costa 
where it is widest and extending to vein 6 where it becomes obsolete. The 





CANS ENt) VOLS Our PLATE IX. 





NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. 


(See p. 266). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST PEN 


terminal area is the same colour as the basal area, with a faint reddish-brown 
shade running through it. Marginal line dark brown. Fringe dark fuscous. 


Secondaries white, overlaid with fuscous scales; a prominent darker curved 
line runs through the centre of the wing, with another line, less distinct parallel- 
ing it exteriorly. Marginal line distinct, dark fuscous. Fringe lighter than 
primaries with a dark band running through it. Underside, primaries from base 
to outer fourth, dark fuscous, terminal area lighter with a diffused reddish 
sub-apical patch and the five yellow sub-quadrate patches showing through 
on costal margin. Secondaries, light fuscous with the prominent dark line 
showing through, the second parallel line not being reproduced. Alar expanse 
16 mm. 


Holoiype.-— 9, Rossland, B.C., July, 1900. Taken by the late W. H. 
Danby, and now in the collection of the author. 


I am indebted to Dr. J. McDunnough for the generic determination. 


Paratypes of the foregoing new species and forms will be placed as far as 
they will permit, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ont., and the 
Provincial Museum of Natural History, Victoria, B. C. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. 
1. Tolype dayi Blackmore. Allotype, male. 
2. Tolvpe dayi Blackmore. Holotype, female. 
3. Caenurgia erechtea parva Blackmore. Holotype, male. 
4, Euseroma nubitlata macdunnoughi Blackmore. Holotype, male. 
5. Dyssiroma sobria swettt Blackmore. Holotype, male. 
6. Dysstroma mulleolata Hulst. With which swetti has been misidentified. 
7. Eulype albodecorata Blackmore. Holotype, male. 


8. Herculia florencealis Blackmore. Holotype, female. 


ASYNOPSIS OF THE ANTHOMYIID GENUS TRICHOPTICUS RONDANI 
(DIPTERA). 


BY J. R. MALLOCH, 
Urbana, III. 


I have placed in this genus all species of the subfamily Phaoniine which 
have setulose hairs on the posterior upper margin of the hind coxe. The species 
which have been placed in the genus Allvostylus Schnabl differ in habitus and 
hypopygial structure from those which belong strictly to Trichopticus, but I 
have included them here because the females are so similar to those of the 
true species of this genus that there is nothing to be gained by separating them, 
the more so as they are similar in habitat, all species being found in the north 


or in mountainous country. I have not seen any species of the genus as here 
December, 1920 


27 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


defined from the southern United States, Central or South America, Africa, 
Australia or any part of Asia, though there is a likelihood of their occurrence in 


Tibet. 
Kery TO SPECIES. 
MALES. 

1. Hind tibia with a strong fasciculate apical thorn on ventral side.............. 2: 

Hind tibia without such thorn, sometimes with one or two bristles.......... Se 
2/°° ¥Yellow species ofrobust abitus.:....0 sinned ee diaphanus Wiedemann. 

Black ‘species: ol-slender habitus.) 00 n.......:,.. ee ee coquallett1 Malloch 
3. Legs largely or entirely yellow; hind tibia with setulose hairs and a few 


~I 


8. 


long bristles; thorax with two pairs of strong presutural acrostichals....4. 


Legs entirely black; hind tibia usually with long, soft hairs in addition to a 
fewpaain the) bristles. 1: peered Ihe eREn Ee, Stace ti AP neem Seen 5. 


Hind femur stout and straight, with rather long dense hairs on posterior 
and posteroventral surfaces; antenne black; mid tibia with one or two 
anterodonsal bristles...a5 4 2002 BL 5 eee Pee conformis Malloch. 


Hind femur slender, curved, with a few posteroventral bristles on apical 
third; base of third antennal segment rufous; mid tibia without antero- 
orsal bristles’) ste. cot Grae aarti rac ke ce ae Ca ee latipennis Malloch. 


Abdomen with paired dorsal spots; hind tibia without posterodorsal 
bristles; thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral 
PESENCS ae ice eel eee EEN Sr 5 eae A maculiventris Malloch. 


Abdomen without paired dorsal spots; hind tibia with one or more postero- 
C6 Ka rgs'2)] Li Op Gis) ol Fs = Pear ep a CER ON BRM chalet ae IC earn aM ue cs Sl oo 6. 


Fore tibia with several strong spines on posteroventral surface near apex..7 


Fore tibia without spinose armature as above, sometimes with a few hair- 
Wace War 1SBLEIS ne Fs oa Gioshac teen tieck on ee RUN lps URE Ata Sc NE 2 ae RRR aE 10. 


Fore tibial spines four in number, in a single series; mid tarsus without a 
fringe of fine hairs on apical three segments.............. jimbriatus Coquillett. 


Fore tibia with the spines in two vertical series; mid tarsus with a fringe 
of fine hairs on posteroventral edge of the apical three segments.......... 8. 


Fore tibia with three spines; mid tarsus long and slender, fourth segment 
at least twice as lone-as wide)... chien oeiene.tie ate a rene ee 9. 


Fore tibia with four spines; mid tarsus short and stout, fourth segment as 
wide-aslongy. 2. ebulisiccupeled:. PR ee septentrionalis Stein. 


Halteres yellow; mid femur with a number of long hairs on basal half of 
POSteroventtal "SHPTAGe suc 2 pte cs. sep eaet csi eg ne diffinis Malloch. 


Halteres black or brown; mid femur without such hairs......spiniger Stein. 
Decembe.’, 1920 


10. 


ise 


13. 


14, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 273 


Thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles: mid tibia 
with one or two bristles on anteroventral and posteroventral 
SNE E  eS d ARR el huts SIR yah Stns Ena. e melanderi Malloch. 


Thorax with four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles...........0.0.0....... 10 


Halteres and calyptre yellow; mid femur with a conspicuous group of 
dense, stiff, obtusely pointed bristles on apical third of anteroventral 
and ventral surfaces, and a series of about 8 very long, strong bristles 
extending from base to beyond middle of posteroventral 
PMs PN eee Es «aor eNNE Co te Fautsded al woth nad edu tp enewee johnsont Malloch. 


Halteres black or dark brown, calyptre whitish; mid femur not armed as 


Second, third and fourth segments of mid tarsus with a fringe of very fine 
hairs along posteroventral margin; mouth-margin very much produced; 
arista with very short pubescence; hind tibia with a series of erect setulose 
hairs on anterodorsal surface, one or two of which are longer than the 
others, the hairs of entire series at least as long as the diameter of 
“ELD Tig Le cahs batch bik lal 56-2 8 area cl oe earth pe chile ie Mie subrostratus Zetterstedt. 


Mid tarsus without hairs as above; mouth-margin not produced.............. 13. 


Hind tibia without strong bristles on anterodorsal surface, the hairlike 
bristles on anteroventral surface much longer than the posterodorsal | 
bristles, which number from five to seven; fore tibia with dense, moder- 
ately long hairs on ventral surfaces; mid tibia with a number of bristly 
hairs of irregular lengths on apical half of ventral 
“LE IE BL cael ARC hin AP tl I ili anol da Sch Re SAR NS villicrurus Coquillett. 


Hind tibia with two long bristles on anterodorsal surface, the antero- 
ventral bristles not longer than those on the posterodorsal surface....14. 


Mid tarsus distinctly shorter than mid tibia; longest hairs on arista about 
twice as long as its basal diameter; abdomen with a broad black triangle 
on dorsal segments 2 and 3; preapical dorsal bristle on hind tibia 
BR GH RE RS Se oa, AS So Re al eae LONG SE VN breviiarsis Malloch. 


Mid tarsus distinctly longer than mid tibia; longest hairs on arista about 
as long as its basal diameter; abdomen with the black dorsal marks on 
segments 2 and 3 nearly linear; preapical dorsal bristle on hind tibia 


SeMTNCTTTCEALISCLI CERT e S20) ee eae ete ON eo secre: innocuus Zetterstedt. 
FEMALES. 

A OREO APRVOMICT YEMMOW, 25... og gc cotetie- sess ee ne- stu sened diaphanus Wiedemann. 

Thorax and abdomen black................0.... tin ban. Seal ee aaa PRN ou ae Jkt 2. 


Abdomen with paired dorsal spots; hind tibia without posterodorsal 
bristles; thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral 
Bie Ret eens erg Bet hhc 2529, PA TEN 45 oe tga at maculiventris Malloch. 


POMC a NOG PAIECU COrSAl SPOS... 5.1ffndh-s .derses seston bes celataasentonecdebnensecte 3. 


274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


3. Legs largely or entirely reddish or yellowish..... .. SOME Rt ss Seu A EAN 4, 


Legs entirely dalack 1.7. < eaeemebae ct... techie RROD. sien tm iki Page oie een cen 5. 


4. Thorax with two pairs of strong presutural acrostichal bristles; mid tibia 
with one or two anterodorsal, and two posteroventral bristles besides 
the: posterodorsals siggmeetl 2023... Ee es conformis Malloch. 


Thorax with two pairs of weak presutural acrostichal bristles; mid tibia 
without anterodorsal and posteroventral bristles......lattpennis Malloch. 


5. Thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles......0..000..0..0..... 6. 
Thorax with four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles........0..000..0......... Te 


6. Mid tibia with an anteroventral and a posteroventral 
pristlegwieeee cae ih ol So) eee ae oer Rae BY Beas melanderi Malloch . 


4 


Mid tibia without an anteroventral and a posteroventral bristle............ spi? 


~I 


Glossy black species, thoracic dorsum with lateral margins and a narrowly 
divided central vitta white pruinescent; arista almost bare; hind tibia 
with two bristles on posterodorsal surface, the larger one apicad of the 
smaller, situated at or just beyond middle of tibia; lower margin of 
cheek gently curved in outline, with a very strong, upwardly curved 
bristle before middle in addition to the other marginal | 
Werpistles sue id a envi Ne Pook is Za ge ate johnsont Malloch. 


Species not glossy black, at least the thorax with dense, uniform gravish 
pruinescence; bristles on hind tibia not as stated above................0..0... 8. 


8. Hind tibia with one posterodorsal bristle about one-third of the tibial 
length from apex, anterodorsal surface with two bristles; face almost 
vertical in profile, the mouth-margin but little produced, almost in 
vertical line with base of antenna; margin of cheek with a few bristly 
hairs, one or two of which, near anterior margin, are upwardly directed; 
Halberes wel low te weet se Metco ac aet a eaten baits gue innocuus Zetterstedt. 


Hind tibia with two or more posterodorsal .bristles...........000.20.cte ees: 9. 


9. Halteres black; mouth-margin very much produced anteriorly, projecting 
very much beyond the vertical line of base of antenna; base of wings 
not yellowish; abdomen not densely pruinescent..swbrostratus Zetterstedt. 


Halteres yellow; mouth-margin not much produced anteriorly, hardly 
projecting beyond the vertical line of base of antenna; wings yellowish 
at bases; abdomen very densely pruinescent.................2..0sssecesenseeeneenaes 10. 


10. Fore tibia with a strong bristle near apex on posteroventral 
SUT EACH Saks arian haste ents Rie kL Rae Ran ae ap eee ae a septentrionalis Stein. 


Fore tibia without such, bristleva, cs. nn ae eee eee eae spiniger Stein. 


N. B.—Holmgren’s species frenatus which has been placed in Lasiops or 
Trichopticus by authors belongs, according to my interpretation of generic 
limits, to Phaonia. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST pal A) 


THE-NERVOUS: SYSTEM OF THE: LARVA OF SFTHANOPIS THULE 
STRECKER. 
RY J. M.: SWAINE, 
Entomological Branch, Ottawa. 

The Nervous System of insects is usually treated under two divisions, 
the Central System and the Sympathetic System. The two are so very intimate- 
ly connected in the caterpillars of the Lepidoptera that there would appear to be 
little reason for separating them. 


THE CENTRAL S‘STEM. 

There are included here the cerebral ganglia and their commissures, with 
the continuing ventral chain of ganglia and connectives, together with the chief 
nerves to which they give rise. - 

The supraoesophageal ganglion, or brain, lies within the head upon the 
dorsal wall of the pharynx; it is connected by the crura cerebri, stout connectives 
which pass around the pharynx, to the suboesophageal ganglion lying immediate- 
ly below the fore-intestine. The nerves arising from these two cerebral ganglia 
furnish practically all the nerve supply to the head. 

The suboesophageal ganglion forms the first of a single chain of ganglia and 
connectives lving upon the ventral muscles along the median line. There is 
one ganglion in each thoracic segment and one in each of the first eight abdominal 
segments. The ganglia are jointed together by connectives, the whole forming a 
single median chain. The primitive double connectives have been completely 
fused into a single stout cord throughout the entire length of the chain: even in 
the thorax, where all caterpillars outside the Tugat:e have double connectives, they 
are as firmly fused as in the abdomen. The only indication of the primitive 
double nature of the cord is shown in the slight longitudinal split in the con- 
nective immediately in front of each ganglion, from which the median nerve 
arises. The fusion of the connectives in the thorax is a most interesting character, 
the more so since it appears in conjunction with the presence of a distinct eighth 
abdominal ganglion. 

Most caterpillars have only seven abdominal ganglia, with the last more 

or less evidently composite. In thule and argenieomaculaius the eighth ganglion, 
composite in itself, is separated from the seventh by a connective nearly as long 
as that between the seventh and the sixth ganglia. 

Each ganglion of the ventral chain lying behind the suboesophageal gives 
to its segment typically two pairs) of nerves. The anterior pair evidently 
represent the primitive lateral nerves of the connectives, which in this group 
have migrated backwards until they appear now as the nerves from the ganglia. 
The nerves of the last ganglion, three pairs in all, are discussed below. 


The Brain. 


PUK Big!'8. 
-The Brain, or the Supracesophageal Ganglion, is situated on the meson 
a little behind the middle of the head and well below the dorsal wall. It is 
very distinctly bilobed, rounded before and behind, and towards the front 
extended latero-ventrad to the nerves and the crura. The median line is deeply 
impressed so that the appearance is decidedly that of two ganglia united along the 


middle line. 
December, 1920 


276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


The optic, antennal, and fronto-labral nerves arise close together on each 
side from the cephalo-lateral extension in front of the commissures. 


The Optic Nerve, Opt., Fig. 8, is closely connected with the other two at 
the base and often with the antennal for a considerable distance. It runs 
cephalad and laterad, curving behind the dorsal condyle of the mandible and 
ends abruptly on the hypoderm below the cluster of eyes. From its extremity 
on or in the hypoderm fine branches proceed to the individual eyes. The 
Optic is usually closely connected for a portion of its length with the cephalic 
nerve of the lateral sympathetic. 


The Antennal Nerve, Ant., Fig. 8; frequently appears firmly united at its 
base with the fronto-labral, giving the latter the appearance of a three-branched 
nerve; in other specimens it can be distinctly traced backward to the ganglion.. - 
It extends cephalad and lateral! with the optic, curves sharply caudad and 
ventrad behind the dorsal condyle of the mandible and enters the base of the 
antenna, giving nerve-threads to the nerve-like antennal muscles on its way 
as well as to neighbouring setae. It sometimes lies immediately behind the optic 
for a considerable part of its length, crossing below the latter beyond the mandi- 
bular condyle on its way to the antenna. 

The Fronto-labral Nerve, Fig. 8, arises, as already stated, in close conjunction 
with the antennal and optic. It proceeds directly cephalad along the side 
of the oesophagus, or pharynx, and presently divides into two main branches. 
The mesal division, or sympathetic branch, curves regularly to the frontal 
ganglion upon the meson, and may be considered a part of the sympathetic. 
It has no branches. The lateral division, or the labral nerve proper, extends 
directly cephalad to innervate muscles of the pharynx and labrum, and to give 
certain fibres to the sympathetic. Slightly cephalad of the frontal ganglion 
it becomes considerably widened and gives off several branches. One passes 
dorso-mesad to retractor muscles of the pharynx; a slender unbranched strand, 
“S.br.2”’, connects the labral nerve with the cephalic ganglion, ‘‘c.ge.”’, of the 
median nerve; a stouter mesal branch, ‘‘m.br.’’, runs cephalad along the side 
of the pharynx and enters the labrum; a fourth branch, ‘‘ph.br.’’, passes to the. 
lower part of the side of pharynx and immediately divides into three main branch- 
es which innervate that region. The mesal branch of these is directly connected 
with a ganglion of a sympathetic plexus, ‘‘s. gl.,’’ lying upon the hypoderm of the 
wall of the mouth, and is through the branches of this plexus connected with. 
the cephalic branches of the median nerve. The main division of the labral 
nerve, L., innervates the labral muscles, as indicated: on the figures. The outer- 
most branch runs cephalo-laterad in conjunction with the mandibular nerve of 
that side, but curves sharply mesad at its tip, giving numerous strands to the 
lateral muscles of the labrum. The details of its branching are shown on the 
figures. The two connections with the sympathetic vary considerably in differ- 
ent individuals. In one specimen these two sympathetic connections seemed 
to be united, one strand from the labral nerve uniting with the plexus, which 
in turn was connected with the cephalic ganglion. 

The optic, antennal and fronto-labral nerves are variably fused at the base; 
in some individuals the three are united for a third their length, so that one 
enormous nerve leaves the brain on each side. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 4a 


On one specimen, extremely delicate fibres were distinguished running from 
the ventral face of the brain to the heart immediately below. There were three, 
one in the middle and one on each side. Whether these are of nervous or con- 
nective nature I am unable to say. 

The brain is abundantly supplied with tracheoles from neighbouring 
tracheae. , | 

The Suboesophageal Ganglion. 
Pl. X, Fig. 9. 

The Suboesophageal or Infraoesophageal Ganglion is a large, tlattened, 
somewhat quadrate ganglion, lying in the caudal part of the ventral portion 
of the head. It is connected with the supracesophageal ganglion by the Crura 
Cerebri, as already described, and, by a very short commissure, is connected with 
the first thoracic ganglion, thus becoming the cephalic ganglion of the ventral 
chain. 


It gives origin to four pairs of nerves. The first three pairs arise from the 
cephalic part of the ganglion, at the sides, mesad of the ventral origin of the 
commissures. 


The Mandibular Nerves, Fig. 9. The most anterior pair, the Mandibular 
Nerves, extend cephalad, more or less parallel with the other two pairs, though 
usually lateral to them, as far as the ventral condyle of the mandibles. They then 
turn abruptly and proceed almost directly to the dorsal side of the mandibles in 
rather close relation with the external branch of the labral. Before reaching the 
mandible each mandibular nerve bifurcates, the two divisions running nearly 
parallel to each other. At the entrance to the mandible the cephalic branch enters 
the mandibular ganglion, which innervates the interior of the mandible, and certain 
of the mandibular muscles, particularly the retractors (see Fig. 1); while the 
caudal division proceeds laterad above the ventral condvle and divides into 
a dorsal and ventral branch. The position of these branches is explained on 
Fig. 1. The ventral branch extends to the base of the head to innervate various 
muscles of that region. 


A delicate branch from the mandibular nerve fuses on the middle line with 
its fellow from the opposite side, and the two are continued cephalad as a median 
strand into the hypopharynx, which it innervates. Before reaching the median 
nerve each of these branches from the mandibular gives rise to a slender thread 
which joins the plexus of minute threads lying upon the hypoderm below the 
mouth. 


The Maxillary Nerves, Fig. 9. The second pair, the Maxillary Nerves, . 
extend cephalad nearly parallel with the labial, and bend laterad behind the 
union of the silk glands to innervate the muscles and sense organs of the maxillae. 

The Labial Nerves, Fig. 9. The third pair, the Labial Nerves, proceed 
cephalad along the sides cf the oesophagus and pharynx to innervate the 
region of the labium. They seem clearly to innervate muscles and glands and to - 
be directly connected with the cutaneous sympathetic; the branches are illus- 
trated in the figures. On some specimens there is an unbranched connective 
uniting the labial nerves behind the fusion of the silk glands. 

Near the union of the silk glands each labial nerve gives a short, thickened 
branch to the median line. The two branches unite in an elongate ganglion, 


278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST | 


“M. g.”, bifurcating cephalad, which lies upon and innervates the glandular 
area of the outer part of the mentum. 

The Ventral Nerve of the subesophageal ganglion passes to a lateral ganglion 
lying in front of the first spiracle, which in turn innervates the muscles 
of that region and sends two strands to the silk gland of its side. The ganglion 
is connected with a nerve plexus lying among the main tracheal branches, inter- 
woven with a string of gland-like cells, oenocytes, and many tracheal threads. 
This plexus is in turn connected with the cephalic branch of the bracheal nerve. 


THE COMMISSURES. 


The Suboesophageal Commissure arises from the brain in conjunction with 
the Crura Cerebri. It soon separates from the latter and passing ventrad 
and somewhat cephalad forms a complete loop around the oesophagus. Near 
the middle line below the oesophagus it gives two or more pairs of delicate fibres 
to pharyngeal muscles. It is a rather stout cord and must have some function 
other than these small branches would indicate. It assists greatly in holding 
the brain in position and that is probably its chief use. 


The Crura Cerebri proceed from each side of the brain downward and 
backward to connect with the suboesophageal ganglion below the oesophagus. 
They are unbranched. 

The First Thoracic Ganglion, Pl. X, Fig.9; Pl. XI, Fig. 2, gives rise to two pairs 
nerves. The smaller, superficial pair, ‘‘A,’”’ Pl. XI, Fig. 2, probably represent the 
nerves of the connectives between this ganglion and the suboesophageal ganglion; 
they innervate chiefly the superficial muscles, with threads to the hypoderm, 
passing across the tracheae eventually to the dorsal muscles and integument. 
The second pair, the Brachial Nerves, ‘‘B’’, divide each into a cephalic and a 
caudal division. The former innervates muscles in the base of the head, by the 
recurrent branch, and the anterior part of the prothoracic segment, and is 
connected with the superficial nerve. An important branch, ‘5’, from the 
base of the cephalic division passes into the leg. The posterior division gives 
a branch, “3”, innervating numerous muscles, and then, ‘‘4’’, passes directly into 
the leg. 

The Third Thoracic Ganglion. The arrangement of the nerves from the 
second and third thoracic ganglia are illustrated in Pl. XI, Fig.5. The Superficial 
Nerve, ‘‘A’’, passes outward beneath the recti muscles giving many branches 
to muscles, tracheae and integument. It has two or three connections with 
the anterio1 branch of the median nerve of its side. The Brachial Nerve, “B’’, 
passes directly to the base of the leg and there gives three branches from a 
more or less distinct coxal ganglion. The cephalic division, “1”, innervates 
deep muscles and the integument, giving a stout strand, ‘5’, to the leg. The 
remaining two branches ‘‘3”’ and ‘4’, represent the caudal division described 
for the first thoracic ganglion. Nerve ‘3’’ goes to muscles and integument 
of the caudal part of the segment, and nerve ‘‘4’’ goes to the leg. Nerves “1” 
and ‘‘3”’ lie below nerve ‘“‘A”’. 

The First Abdominal Ganglion, Pl. XI, Fig. 6. This ganglion gives rise to two 
pairs of nerves; the anterior, ‘“‘A’’, evidently represents the primitive lateral 
nerve of the connective which has migrated caudad and become fused with the 
degenerate brachial nerve, and the posterior, ‘‘C’’, is possibly the posterior 





Can. EnT., VOL- LII. PEATE exe 





NERVOUS SYSTEM OF LEPIDOPTERA. 
(See p. 275). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ; 279 


division of the median nerve which has fused with the ganglion. Nerve “A” 
is the chief nerve of the segment. It passes beneath the major recti muscles, 
giving offa minor, posterior division, ‘“‘D’’, and extends across the tracheae to 
dorsum, innervating muscles, tracheae and integument. It has several con- 
nections with the median nerve. Nerve “‘C’’ passes backward to unite with a 
branch from the median nerve of the second abdominal segment, and gives 
off three main branches, chiefly to the integument. In the segments having 
prolegs a branch to the proleg of that side is given off from nerve ‘‘C”’ at the point 
marked “‘x”’ on figure 6 of the 2nd ganglion. 

The Eighth Abdominal Ganglion, Pl]. XI, Fig. 4, possibly represents the united 
8th and 9th primitive ganglia. The median nerve is found as usual. The 
first pair, A, are of the normal type, representing the nerves of the primitive 
connectives and belonging to the 8th ganglion; the pair, ‘“‘C’’, probably repre- 
sent the second pair of the 8th ganglion. They innervate many muscles and 
the hypoderm of the 8th segment. The last pair, ““‘D’’, stouter than the others, go 
to the last two segments of the caterpillar and to the caudal end of the intestine. 
They give off numerous branches to all the organs of that region, presenting 
two large ganglia of varying shape in different individuals. 

There is little doubt, from the number of its nerves and its position, that 
the eighth ganglion in thu/e is composed of the united eighth and ninth primitive 
ganglia. Nerves “A” and “C”’ evidently belong to the primitive eighth ganglion, 
and nerve ‘‘D’’ would, therefore, represent the fusion of those of the ninth gang- 
lion. That “D’’ is a composite nerve has been suggested by DuPorte and it 
seems probable from its size, extensive branching, and the passage of the vas 
deferens through it. Thislast peculiar condition was described by DuPorte in 
Sphida obliqua. It occurs also in thule but apparently not invariably, since 


.I was unable to demonstrate it in several specimens. In thule the vas deferens 
‘normally passes at right angles directly through the middle of a chief branch 


of the nerve between the two main lateral ganglia. This condition would ap- 
parently be explained best as resulting from a fusion of the two nerves or two 
branches of the same primitive nerve. The median nerve of the ninth ganglion 
has disappeared or fused with ‘‘D”’. : 
THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM. 
The so-called sympathetic system of insects is usually divided into two or 


three groups of nerves and ganglia, all of which are very intimately connected 


with the central system. These are, the Supraintestinal Sympathetic System, 
comprising the Unpaired Median and the Paired Lateral groups of nerves and 
ganglia; and the Subintestinal Sympathetic System, or Paired Median Section, 
comprising the Median Nerves of the ventral chain. In addition to these there 
is a very delicate network of minute nerve threads and ganglia lying upon the 
hypoderm, and connected through numerous fine threads with the Central 
System as well as with the three divisions of the Sympathetic. This has been 
referred to as the Peripheral or Sensory Sympathetic System. 


The Unpaired Median Section. 


PROX} Pig. S. 
This minor group lies upon the dorsal face of the fore intestine to which 
its fibres mainly go. It comprises the Frontal Ganglion and the Cephalic and 


280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


Recurrent Nerves. The Frontal Ganglion lies upon the middle line of the fore- 
intestine well in front of the brain. It receives on each side the large sympathetic 
branches of the fronto-labral, called the Arched Nerves, and gives rise 
to the Cephalic Nerve in front, and to the Recurrent Nerve behind. The 
Cephalic Nerve passes directly forward along the middle line of the intestine to 
the base of the clypeus; here it enlarges to form the Cephalic Ganglion which 
gives two pairs of nerves to the intestine and receives on each side a slender 
thread, the Minor Arched Nerves, or the second sympathetic branch from the 
fronto-labral nerve. The frontal nerve bifurcates at the anterior end of the 
cephalic ganglion and each. branch gives many threads to the muscles of that 
region. One of these threads is connected through a minute ganglion of the 
peripheral sympathetic system with a slender branch from the fronto-labral 
ganglion. 


The Recurrent Nerve passes backward from the frontal ganglion as a slender 
strand along the median line of the intestine, beneath the heart and brain, and 
expands into a Caudal or Stomachic Ganglion at the base of the oesophagus. 
From the caudal ganglion several filaments arise as well as two larger nerves 
which were traced for a short distance one along each side the mid intestine. 
Nearly midway between the frontal ganglion and the brain the recurrent nerve 
expands into an elongate ganglion which gives three pairs of lateral nerves to 
the fore-intestine. A short distance behind the brain the nerve again enlarges 
slightly, forming a minute Median or Hypocerebral Ganglion connected by a 
delicate thread with the second ganglion of the paired lateral group. Along 
its course the recurrent nerve innervates the fore and midintestine, and certain 
delicate threads were noticed to enter the wall of the heart. 


The Paired Lateral Section. 
Pl;-X, Figs.\2/and 8; Pl. XI; Pigs#l and 3. 


The arrangement of this plexus of ganglia and nerves varies considerably 
in different specimens. Usually there is found a short nerve arising from the 
side of the caudal part of each half of the brain. This nerve enlarges directly 
to form a fusiform ganglion, ‘‘1’’, Pl. X, Fig. 8, which gives rise by short nerves to 
two others. One of these, ‘‘2’’, fusiform in shape, innervates that part of the 
intestine immediately behind the brain, sends fibres to the heart, and one to the 
cephalic ganglion of the median nerve. This ganglion sometimes arises directly 
from the brain by a separate commissure, but is always closely connected with 
the first ganglion. The third ganglion, ‘‘3’’, of this lateral sympathetic section is 
nearly circular, flattened, and connected with the first ganglion by two short 
nerves; it supplies the fan-shaped muscles of the oesophagus and the neighbouring 
tracheae. What I have called the first ganglion is sometimes but little enlarged 
and then appears more like a stout nerve, but as a rule there are three distinct 
ganglia. The first ganglion, besides apparently giving delicate threads to 
the tracheae with which it is always in close contact, gives off two very interest- 
ing nerves, the Sensory and the Lateral Nerves. 


The Sensory Nerve passes from the cephalic face of the ganglion cephalad 
past the brain, to which it is joined by a short connective, and is continued latero- 
cephalad in close connection with the optic nerve, which it finally leaves, and 





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Can. ENT., 


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NERVOUS SYSTEM OF LEPIDOPTERA. 


(See p. 275). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 281 


bifurcates to innervate various setae on the laterodorsal wall of the head. The 
second, the lateral Nerve, arises from the outer end of the first ganglion and 
passes laterad and then cephalad, in close connection with a_ tracheal branch, 
bending ventrad and innervating certain muscles at theirattachment to the ventral 
wall. In argenteomaculatus larve, P|. XI, Fig. 3, the arrangement of this group is 
closely similar to that just described, but there are, as in many other parts 
of the nervous system, constant differences. An instance of this occurs in con- 
nection with the third ganglion, which has there a direct connection with the 
caudal part of the brain. 


A tracheole crosses the inner face of the 8rd lateral ganglion in thule and 
extends into minute tracheoles which mainly supply the lateral fan-like muscles 
of the oesophagus, innervated by the 2nd ganglion. 


Crossing this tracheole, and extending from the caudal part of the inner 
face of the 3rd ganglion, is a minute rather elongate ganglion giving threads 
to the tracheoles entering the brain, Pl. X, Fig. 2. 


The Paired Median Section. 


This consists of the so-called Median Nerves of the central system, with 
their branches, and there seems to be little reason for treating it as separate from 
the ventral chain, The Median Nerve appears in front of each ganglion of the 


ventral chain as a very short, subtriangular nerve arising from the connective 
in the median split immediately in front of the ganglion. In the abdomen 
each median nerve divides into two transverse nerves which proceed outward 
at right angles to the vetral chain. Their distribution is shown in PI. XI, Figs. 2, 4, 
5and 6. A cephalic branch connects with a branch of the posterior nerve of the 
preceding segment; a basal thread goes to the integument, and the distal portion 
of the nerve innervates the spiracular muscles in addition to giving one or more 
connections to the anterior nerve of its segment. The median nerve of the 
eighth ganglion, which should appear in front of the ninth if that ganglion were 
separate, has apparently disappeared. 


The median nerves in front of the second and third thoracic ganglia give 
off each two pairs of transverse nerves. The second or posterior pair are really 
oblique in position and pass latero-caudad, eventually uniting with the median 
nerve of the succeeding segment. It has already been suggested that the poster- 
ior nerves of the abdominal ganglia represent these posterior branches of the 
thoracic median nerves, which have become fused with the ganglia and lost 
their original connections. The median nerve in front of the first thoracic 
ganglion is apparently not always present, but has been demonstrated on some 
specimens of both thule and argenteomaculatus. It is simple with very few fine 
branches and passes cephalad and ventrad to muscles at the base of the mandi- 
bles. It is possible that the minute branch, Fig. 2, ‘“sy’’, represents the caudal 
branch of the mediaw nerve which has degenerated and become fused with the 
base of the superficial nerve. | 


282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 
PEATE aw: 


Figure 1, S. thule, larva,—Distribution of the brachial nerve of the Ist thoracic 
segment. c.gl., coxal ganglion; other lettering as on Plate XI, fig. 2. 


Figure 2, S. éhule, larva,—The under surface of the 3rd sympathetic ganglion, 
showing a slender attached ganglion, g. 


Figure 3, S. thule, larva,—Distribution of branches from the median and _ super- 
ficial nerves of the 2nd thoracic segment to the main tracheae. 


Figure 4, S. thule, larva,—Distribution of the labial nerve at the junction of 
the silk glands, a and b, ganglia arising from the labial nerve, |.n.; S. Gl., 
silk glands reverted; Gl., a median gland lying below the silk gland; Sp.m., 

_muscles from the spinneret. 


Figure 5, Eacles imperialis, larva,—The vas deferens passing through a branch 
of the additional nerve of the 8th segment. 


Figure 6, S. thule, larva,—The relation of the brachial nerve of the 3rd thoracic 
segment with the peripheral sympathetic plexus. 


Figure 7, S. thule, larva,—A portion of the rectal nerve arising from the lateral 
ganglion of the rectum, I.g.r. 


Figure 8, S. thule, larva,—Dorsal view of brain, or supracesophageal ganglion 
and its Nerves. Ant., antennal nerve; Ca. Gl., caudal ganglion; c. c., 
crura cerebri; Ce. Gl., cephalic ganglion; Ce. N., cephalic nerve; Fr. gl., 
frontal ganglion; Fr. l.g., frontal ganglion of the labral nerve; 1|., labral 
nerve; m. br., mesal branch; L. S., lateral symathetic; 1, 2, 3, its ganglia; 
S. ce.n., its cephalic nerve; S. 1. n., its lateral nerve; m., fibres to muscles; 
m.gl., mesal ganglion; phbr., pharyngeal threads; p.f.g., post frontal ganglion; 
R.N., recurrent nerve; s. br., sympathetic branches of the labral nerve, 1 
and 2; S.gl., sympathetic ganglion; tr., threads to brancheoles; Tr., a trach- 
eal; Opt., optic nerve. 


Figure 9, S. thule, larva,—Ventral view of the subcesophageal ganglion and its 
nerves. Br. N., brachial nerve: CC. crura cerebri; Li., labial nerve; |. m., 
I.n., strands from labral nerve; Md., mandible, and mandibular nerve; 
m.ex., external branch, d.br., dorsal branch, v.br., ventral branch; Mx., 
maxilla and maxillary nerve; s.c., suboesophageal commissure; s.gl., sub- 
cesophageal ganglion; S.g. silk gland; sp.m., muscle of spinneret; Ist 
Th., lst thoracic ganglion; m., nerve fibres to muscles; mg., mesal ganglion 
of labial nerves. 


Figure 10, S. thule, larva,—A general view of the nervous system. 


Figure 11, S. thule, larva,—The alimentary canal, showing the silk gland of 
one side and the malpighian tubes of one side. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 283 


PLATE. XI. 


Figure 1, S. thule, larva,—The lateral sympathetic system, dorsal view. 1, 2 
and 3, the three chief ganglia; Ao., aorta; Br., brain; Ce. n., cephalic nerve; 
L.n., lateral nerve; M. g. mesal ganglion; M.n., mesal nerve. 


Figure 2, S. thule, larva,—Nerves from the first thoracic ganglion, (1st Th.) 
A., superficial nerve of the segment; B., brachial nerve, with divisions 
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; d., dorsal branch of B.1; g., lateral ganglion of ventral 
nerve; int., to the integument; M., to muscles; N.S. gl., nerve to silk gland; 
Y., recurrent branch of B.1; S., silk gland; S.gl., suboesophageal ganglion; 
V.N., ventral nerve. 


Figure 3, S. argenteomaculatus, larva.—Details of the lateral sympathetic. 


Figure 4, S. thule, larva.—The 7th and 8th abdominal Ganglia. D., the additional 
nerve of the 8th ganglion, representing the nerves of the 9th ganglion; 
l.g.r., lateral ganglion of the rectum; y., the vas deferens passing through a 
branch of D.; other lettering as before, see, Pl. 1, fig. 5; V. d., vas deferens. 


Figure 5, S. thule, larva.—Nerves from the third thoracic ganglion; M., median 
nerve; c., caudal branch of median nerve; X., and additional thread present 
on the opposite side of the segment only; other lettering as in Fig. 2. 


Figure 6, S. thule, larva.—Nerves from the first and second abdominal ganglia. 
Abd., Ist ‘and 2nd., first and second abdominal ganglia; C., caudal nerve of 
the ganglion; Cx. branch to the proleg; F., fat body; F. nerve fibres to fat 
body;int., to the integument; m., to muscles; tr., to tracheae; i.f.; inter- 
segmental fold: A, superficial nerve. 


(To be continued.) 


BOOK REVIEW. 


MANUAL OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEW ENGLAND, INCLUDING THE Locusts, 
GRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS AND THEIR ALLIES. By Albert P. Morse. 
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 
197-556, pls. 10-29, 99 text figs. April, 1920. 


Even a casual inspection of this Manual leaves the impression of a work 
of rare quality, and a careful perusal of it only confirms and emphasizes this first 
impression, every page revealing the author’s intimate knowledge of his subject. 
It is characterized not only by scientific accuracy and scholarship, but also by an 
attractive literary style, and is undoubtedly one of the best faunistic treatises on a 
group of American insects that has ever appeared. 


Mr. Morse’s book is the outgrowth of many years of research in field and 
laboratory, as everyone knows who is acquainted with his many excellent papers 
on the New England Orthoptera. It is by no means a mere systematic treatise, 
but covers a wide field, in which many matters of general biological interest are 
discussed. 


284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 


In the introductory matter, which covers 76 pages, the author gives an 
interesting sketch of New England Orthopterology, an account of the principal 
collections of New*England Orthoptera, and sections on the anatomy, habits, 
coloration, distribution and many other matters concerning the biology of the 
order. He also describes the injuries caused by locusts and other Orthoptera 
and the methods employed for their control, and concludes this part of the book 
with a very useful section giving full directions for the collection and preservation 
of specimens. 


The general account of the habits of Orthoptera is based on those of the 
locusts, or short-horned grasshoppers, and is followed by a delightful description 
of the songs of grasshoppers and crickets and the methods by which they are 
produced. The next section on coloration contains much of interest. The 
three types of insect coloration, structural, pigmental and combinations of these, 
are all illustrated by species of this order, the majority being of the pigmental. 
type. Many interesting examples of sympathetic or protective coloration are 
given, while the non-sympathetic coloration seen in the brightly! coloured wings 
of the Oedipodinae, is regarded as being due, not to the phenomenon of “‘con- 
trast mimicry’? but as a means of signalling to other individuals of the com- 
munity. Dichromatism and the varied coloration of certain species, such as 
the Carolina Locust, are considered to be independent of environmental colora- 
tion. The dichromatism of the Green-striped Locust is discussed in a special - 
section by Dr. Phineas W. Whiting, who performed a series of experiments 
which seemed to show that temperature, and not humidity nor light, is the im- 
portant factor in the colour determination of this species. 


The sections entitled ‘‘Geographical Distribution’”’ and ‘‘Colonization of 
New England—Dispersal Routes’ are particularly excellent. In the former 
various faunal zones are characterized and their boundaries within the New 
England States clearly defined, and the characteristic species of Orthoptera 
inhabiting each are enumerated. Local distribution is also discussed and the 
author’s well-known classification of locust habitats is introduced in illustration 
of this subject. Following this section is one on ‘‘Wingless and Vestigial-winged 
Orthoptera,” in which the author’s views on wing-length as a habitat relation 
are quoted from a former publication (Publ. 18, Carnegie Inst. Wash.). 


The economic aspect of the subject is treated at considerable length in three 
sections dealing with the injuries of locusts and other Orthoptera in New England, 
remedies against locusts and earwigs, and natural enemies, including bacterial 
and fungus diseases, parasites, such as hair-worms, mites and tachinid flies, 
predaceous insects, amphibians, snakes and birds, Remedies against cock- 
roaches are dealt with under the general account of the Blattidae in the special 
part of the volume. 


In this second part, which deals with the classification and description of 
the various species, the same high standard of excellence is maintained, and the 
descriptive matter is relieved of the dryness usually characteristic of systematic 
works by the many vivid word-pictures of the habits and environmental re- 
lations of the different species. The author is wisely conservative in following 
a system of classification that has long been in general use, and in introducing 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 285 


no changes of nomenclature. The placing of the family Phasmidae, a very 
isolated group, between the nearly related families Blattidae and Mantidae is 
the only point we would criticise in this connection, but the matter is of little 
consequence in a work of this character. ' 


Of the 132 species of Dermaptera and Orthoptera recorded from New Eng- 
land no less than 28 species are introduced forms, among which are 5 species of 
earwigs, 14 of cockroaches, 3 mantids (none of which are established) and 6 
saltatorial species. 


The illustrations are well chosen and the three original coloured plates 
deserve special mention on account of the truthfulness of the figures in both form 
and colour. 


Mr. Morse’s book is a fine model for systematic workers to emulate and 
should rank as a classic in American entomology. E. M. W. 


ERRATA. 
For Gunthrop read Gunthorp, p. 112, line 14. 
For megachile read Megachile, p. 119, lines 5 and 18. 
For argentate read argentata, p. 119, line 11. 
For Tohttic read Tahiti, p. 119, hina iG. 
For Tahihan read Tahitan, p. 119, line 17. 
For Trachea fanitima read finitima, p. 121, line 18. 
For Mecistophalide read Mecistocephalide, p. 184, line 11. 
For Urocerous read Urocerus, p. 216, line 13. 


For flavcornis read flavicornis, p. 216, line 6 from bottom. 


CHANGE OF ADDRESS. 


The Rev. Professor C. J. S. Bethune has left Guelph and is now residing 
at Toronto. His present address is as follows: 


No. 16, Washington Ave., Toronto, Ont. 


Index to Volume LII. 


Abdominal structures of the males of winged 
insects, 178. 

Acarina injuring buds in B. C., 136. 

Acanthinus trifasciatus, 72. 

Aedes aldrichi, 115. 

‘““ triseriatus, 114, 

Aeroplane, new use for the, 8, 

Agrilus auricomus, 250. 

champlaini, 249. 

concinnus, 262. 

crategi, 251. 

“ crtddlet, n. sp., 249. 
“lateralis, 249. 

Agrilus, Bibliography of the transformations 
and food-plants of N. American species, 
204, 220, 247. 

Agriotes oblongicollis, 262. 

AINSLIE, C. N., article by, 50. 

ALEXANDER, C. P., articles by, 78, 109, 141, 
145, 224. 

Allandrus brevicornis, n. sp., 253. 

Allograpta obliqua, 53. 

Annals of the Entomological Society of 
America in 1919, contents of, 169. 

Ancepaspis, n. gen., 32. 

Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 115. 

Anyphena tntermontana, n. sp., 200. 

Aphelogenia vittata, 260. 

Aphide from Japan, 19, 77. 

Aphid, new, from California, 176. 

Aphids, numbers destroyed by Syrphus 
flies, 55. 

Aphodius campestris, 140. 

Aphodius canadensis, n. sp., 139. 

a rubeolus, 140. 
a stercorosus, 140. 
i troglodytes, 140. 
Apsectus hispidus, 44. 
Asilus persimilis, n. sp., 67. 
‘« “ sackeni, n. sp., 67. 

Aspen leaf-curler, 128. 

Aspidiotus herculianus, 64. 

Atomosia antennata, n. sp., 66. 

Atteva aurea, 15. 

Aulonium parallelopipedum, 261. 

Avocada, moth injurious to, 239. 


BAKER, A. C., article by, 93. 

Balsam injury in Quebec, 24. 

Banasa dimidiata, 13. 

Banks, N., article by, 65. 

BARBER, G. W., article by, 116. 

Barinus elusus, n. sp., 264. 

Barynotus schceneri, 251. 

Bathyphantes phylax, n. sp., 195. 

Beating, a day’s, 25. 

Bee-genus Emphor in S: America, 9. 

Bee, new leaf-cutting, 119. 

Bees, removing pollen from, 116. 

Bembidium picipes, 259. 

BETHUNE, C. J. S., elected to life-member- 
ships, 52. 

Big-bud caused by mites in B. C., 136. 

BLAcKMoRE, E. H., article by, 266. 

Blaniulus guttulatus, 94. 

Blapstinus alutaceus, 72. 

BLATCHLEY, W. S., articles by, 42, 68, 259. 








Book NOTICEs: 
Agricultural Gazette, articles from, 23. 
Caer Crane-flies of New York, 
90. 

Blatchley’s Orthoptera of Eastern North 
America, 191. 

Bowman’s 
Alberta, 22. 

Comp’s Use of Carbon-bisulphide 
Against White-grubs, 240. 

Davis's Soil Insecticide Tests, 240. 

Le Naturaliste Canadien, articles from, 


Macrolepidoptera of 


MacDunnough’s Directions for Collect- 
ing and Preserving Insects, 23. 
Morse’s Orthoptera of New England, 283. 
Proceedings of ‘the Entomological 
Society of British Columbia, 47. 
Bothropolys multidentatus, 95. 
Botrodus estriatus, 261. 
Brachycolus gramint, n. sp., 77. 
Brachyptyx, n. gen., 184 
Bradycinetus horni, 217. 
Branchus floridanus, 71. 
Brawn, Miss A. F., article by, 40. 
Brome-grass cutworms, 121. 
Brooklyn Entomological Society, contents of 
Bulletin in 1919, 169. 
Brown-tail Moth, 72. 
Buprestis sulcicollis, 231. 
. viridisuturalis, 17. 
Busck, AuGustT, articles by, 125, 289. 


Caenurgia erechtea parva, n. form, 266. 
CaEsAR, L., article by, 106. 
Cacecia hewittana, n. sp., 125. 
Canadian Entomologist in 1919, contents, 
169. 
Canadian Entomologist, Dr. W. J. Holland 
on the, 160. 
Canifa pusilla, 263. 
Canthydrus addendus, n. sp., 261. 
Carpophilus rickseckeri, 45. 
Carr, F. S., article by, 218. 
Catabrithorax, n. gen., 198. 
“ ceuthus, n. sp., 200. 
ry clypiellus, n. sp., 199. 
Cermatia forceps in Canada, 8, 93. 
CHAMBERLIN, R. V., articles by, 94, 166, 
185, 193, 202. 
Chelymorpha geniculata, 71. 
Chilopoda, some Canadian, 95, 166. 
Wood’s new species, 113. 
Chionea valga, wingless Tipulid, 201. 
Chlenius frostit, n. sp., 219. 
of purpuricollis, 220. 
Chlorochroa uhleri, 12. 
Chrysobothris orono, n. sp., 232. 
e verdigripennis, n. sp., 249. 
Cicadellide, distribution of N. American, 
116. 
Cicindela hentzi, var. nivethamata, n. var., 
Cicindela repanda edmontonensis, n. sp., 218. 
i spreta, 229. 
Cissococcus, the genus, 63. 
Coccidz, notes on, 29, 61. 


INDEX TO VOLUME LII. 287 





Coccidula occidentalis, 231. 
Coccinella 9-notata, 261. 
CocKERELL, T. D. A., articles by, 33, 34, 
119. 
Codling Moth in British Columbia, 23. 
Coleoptera ot Alberta, new species, 218. 
“Florida in winter, 42, 68, 259. 
Conotelus punctatus, 261. 
Conotyla albertana, n. sp., 167. 
Copelatus debilis, "43. 
Coptocycle repudiata, wis 
Corrections, 13, 96. 
Corythuca pyriformis, n. sp., 81. 
Cosmopepla conspicillaris, 13. 
Cottonwood leaf-mining beetle in Alberta, 1. 
CRAMPTON, G. C., article by, 178. 
Cranberry ’Rootworm Beetle, 265. 
Crane-flies from Africa, 145. 
* from Tropical America, 141. 
ee Nearctic, 109, 224. 
+ Pedicine, 78. 
Crane-flies, three new from Eastern Canada, 
5 


Do: 
Crane-fly, life-history of the leaf-eating, 47. 
CRIDDLE, N., article by, 121. 

Cry ptocephalus aulicus, 263. 

CurRAN, C. H., articles by, 35, 53, 120. 
Currant-worm, ‘the Imported, 106. 
Cylindrocopturus nanulus, 264. 
Cylindrotoma splendens, 47. 


Davipson, W. M., article by, 176. 
Definiteness, a plea for, 120. 
Dermestid beetles in collections, parasite of, 


Derolumus bicolor, 264. 
Diapheromera femorata, 241. 
Dibrachoides dynastes, 39. 
Dicelus elongatus, 43. 
Dicranota iowa, n. sp., 78 
- montana, n. sp., 110. 
Dietz, Dr. W. G., article by, 5 
Diplocephalus cryptodon, n. sp., 196. 
Diplochila undulata, n. sp., 218. 
Diplopoda, some Canadian, 94, 166. 
Wood's new species, 113. 
Disonycha funerea, 251. 
Dominion Entomologist, appointment of, 
258. 
Drapetes geminatus, 262, 
Dysstroma sobria swetti, n. form, 268. 


Economic Entomology, Contents of Journal 
in 1919, 169. 

Ecyrus exiguus, 263. 

Elaphrus olivaceus, 231. 

Elasmostethus cruciatus, 13. 

Elliptera coloradensis, n. sp., 109. 

Emphor fructifer, 9, LL. 
e nigerrima, 9. 

opuntia, n. sp., 10. 
** -* tricolors 9 EI. 

ee ee Journals in 1919, contents of, 


ae 


Entomological News in 1919, contents of, 


Entomological Society of America, annual 
meeting, 16. 








Entomological Society of Ontario, annual 
meeting, 2 
Entomological Society of Washington, con- 
tents of Proceedings in 1919, 169. 
Eriocera amazonicola, n. sp., 144. 
Eriophyide in British Columbia, 1386. 
Erioptera cladophera, n. sp., 142. 
Z subseptemtrionis, n. sp., 109. 
Euderces rechei, 68. 
Eulype albodecorata, n. sp., 269. 
Euparyphus pretiosa, n. sp., 65. 
Eurygaster alternatus, 12. 
Euschistus conspersus, 12: 
of euschistoides, 12. 
po ae nubilata macdunnoughi, new form, 
267. 
Euxoa scholastica, n. sp., 161. 
Evania appendigaster, oviposition by, 248. 
Exema conspersa, 69. 
se MEL ecla. ny Spe, 100: 
Eysarcoris intergressus, 13. 


FALL, H. C., article by, 211. 
Familiar haunts, 73. 
Feralia columbiana, 162. 
‘“ deceptiva, n. sp., 162. 
FrrRIs, G. F., articles by, 29, 61. 
Fileschus borealis, n. sp., 220. 
Forest Insect Entomologist Appointed, 41, 


France, collecting in, 35, 49. 
Frost, C. A., articles by, 25, 204, 220, 229, 
247, 249. 


Galerucella bivittata, n. sp., 7Q. 

nymphaee, 237. 
GARLICK, G., article by, 106. 
GARNETT, Re T., articles by, 17, 49, 139. 
GARRETT, GaB3 De article by, 108. 
Geotrupes horni, 251. 
GIBSON, ARTHUR, articles by, 21, 97. 
GIBSON, appointed Dominion Entomologist, 
GIBSON, FRANK M., article by, 15. 
GLENDENNING, R., article by, 136. 
Gracilaria persee, n. sp., 239, 
Greenhouse Leaf-tyer, 24. 
Graphops varians, 265. 
GUNTHORP, H. , article by, 112. 
GUNTHORP, corrections of the article, 202. 


HaBeEr, V. R., article by, 248. 
Habromastix edwardsiana, n. sp., 145. 
Habromastix riedeliana, n. sp., 146. 
Hadrobregmus subconnatus, n. sp., 214. 
Hadwen, Dr. S., resignation of, 210. 
HEARLE, ERIC, article by, 114. 
HEINRICH, CARL, article by, 257. 
Hemiptera from Peak’s Island, Maine, 80. 
Herculia florencealts, n. sp., 270. 
Heteracthes sublensis, n. sp., 68. 
Heterocerus canadensis, n. sp., 213. 

i. minutus, 1. Sp., 211. 

eS moleculus, n. sp., 212. 

ct mundulus, n. sp., 212. 


288 INDEX TO VOLUME LII. ~ 





Hewitt, C. Gornon, Death of, 96, 97. 

- 4 Portrait, 97. 
Writings of, 100. 
Hister adonis, n. sp., 44. 

HoLuanp, W. J., article by, 100. 
Homemus aeneifrons, 12. 

Homing instinct, remarkable case of, 50. 
HoppinG, RALPH, appointment of, 41, 96. 

oe “ ~ articles by, 132, 217. 
House Centipede in Canada, 8, 93. 
Howardia, the genus, 63. 

Hutcuines, C. B., article by, 241. 
Hydnocera verticalis, 46. 
Hydriomena, revision of B. C. species, 48. 
Hydrochus minimus, 261. 
Hydrophoria alaskensis, n, sp., 255, 257. 

rt key to species, 253. 
revision of genus, 253. 
Hypera nigrirostris, 38. 
Hyperaspis nigrosuturalis, 44. 


“e ce 


oe 


Insect Galls and Gall Insects, 24. 
Ischyrus quadripunctatus bred from fungus, 
4 


Journal of the New York Entomological So- 
ciety in 1919, contents of, 169. 


Laelius, species of, 54. 
utilus, n. sp., d4. 
Laphria varipes, n. sp., 67. 
Laricobius erichsoni, 251. 
Laspeyresia novimundi, n. sp., 257. 
Lebia collaris, 260. 
‘* fuscata, 43, 260. 
nigripennis, 260. 
rhodopus, 259. 
Lepidoptera, new, from British Columbia, 
266. 
Lepidosaphes hawaiiensis, 64. 
* Lepthyphantes lamprus, n. sp., 195. 
Leptidia inornata, n. sp., 137. 
Lepturges signatus, 69. 
Limnichus nitidulus, 262. 
Limnophila adjuncta, n. sp., 6. 
ue adusta, 5. 
Limnophila imbecilla ilinoiensts, n. sub-sp., 


“cc 


inornata, 5. 
magdalena, n. sp., 5. 
Linoteenia chionophila, 95. 
Linyphia hespera, n. sp., 194. 
Liopus floridanus, 69. 

Lithobius forficatus, 95. 

Lixus leptosomus, 264. 

Lonchea aberrans, n. sp., 131. 

“Sy affinis, n. sp., 130. 
angustitarsis, n. sp., 131. 
aterrima, n. sp., 129. 
bakeri, n. sp., 247. 
hirta, n. sp., 129. 
major, n. sp., 246. 
nigrocerulea, n. sp., 246. 
migrociliata, n. sp., 131. 
pleuriseta, n. sp., 132. 
ruficornis, n. sp., 130. 
striatifrons, n. sp., 246. 
ursind, n. sp., 132. 
Longitarsus subcylindricus, n, sp., 70. 


“é 


ae 


ae 











MacDunnoucg, J., articles by, 56, 87, 161. 

Me anne A. D., articles by, 59, 216, 

MAcCNAMARA, C., article by, 173. 

Mattocu, J. R., articles by, 95, 126, 129, 
246, 253, 271. 

Manitoba insects, Fragments in the _life- 
habits, 121. 

MarrIn, f. O., article by, 215. 

Mecas femcralis, 263. 


Mecistocephalide, key to genera, 184. 


list of species, 185. 

Mecistocephalus, nannocornts, n. sp., 187. 
Megachile timberlaket, n. sp., 119. 
Megethmus pluripes, n. sp., 187. 
Melanophia centralis, n. sp., 165. 
Melanotus parallelus, n. sp., 45. 

e perplexus, n. sp., 46. 
Mesosphinx, n. subgen., 33. 
Metachroma testacea, n. sp., 70. 

terminale, 70. 

Methia falli, n. sp., 215. 
Metriona ormondensis, n. sp., 71. 
Microneta uta, n. sp., 196. 
Minettia punctifer, n. sp., 126. 
Miride, list of species, 86. 
Morris, F. J. A., article by, 73. 
Mosquitoes new to Canada, 114. 
Mychocerus depressus, 44. 
Mycotretus pulchra and its fungus host, 18. 
Myriopods, some Canadian, 94, 166. 

ms Woods’ papers on, 112, 202. 
Myzocallis alhambra, n. sp., 176. 


Nabide, key to species, 82. 
NAKAHARA, WARO, article by, 136. 
Natural control investigations in B. C., 48. 
Nemotelus melanderi, n. sp., 695. 
Neoharmonia renusta fattigi, var, nov., 48. 
Neophyllaphis, n. gen., 19. 

‘ podocarpi, n. sp., 20. 
Nephrotoma sphagnicola, n. sp., 110. 
Nicocles utahensis, n. sp., 66. 


OpiTUARY NOTICE: 

Hewitt, Dr. C. Gorpon, 96, 97. 
Oeneis pseudosatyra, n. sp., 138. 
Odontzus filicornis, 263, 

Oligomerodes delicatulus, n. sp., 215. 
Omophron decoloratum, n. sp., 211. 
Ora texana, 45. 
Ormosia frisoni, n. sp., 224. 

“ “notmani, n. sp., 225. 
Orthonama evanst, n. sp., 164. 
Otiorhynchide weevil from Vancouver, 134. 


Pachyrina ferruginea, 5. 
i pedunculata, 5. 
Paragus bicolor, 54. 
“tibialis, 54. 
Parajulus canadensis, 94. 
d perditus, n. sp., 167. 
venustus, 94. 
Parasite of Dermestes beetles in collections, 
34. 
PARSHLEY, H. M., article by, 80- 


oc 


INDEX TO VOLUME LII. 289 


Pasimachus strenuus, 43. 
Pauroptyx, n. gen., 184. 
himalayanus, n. sp., 184. 
Pea moth, a new species, 257, 
Pear Psylla, 23, 72. 
Peribalus limbolarius, 12. 
Phlyctenia ferrugalis, 24. 
Phyciodes batesi, life-history, 56. 
Phyllotreta liebecki, 263. 
Phymatinus sulcirostris, 154. 
Pissodes terminalis, n. sp., 133. 
Platy campus albostigmus, 60. 
americanus, 60. 
juniperi, 60. 
smithi, 61. 
victoria, n. sp., 61. 
viereckt, n. sp., 60. 
Pleocoma fimbriata, 217. 
Podisus serieventris, 13. 
Polydesmus moniliaris, 94. 

43 serratus, 94. 
Polypleurus geminatus, 72. 
Polygonia asakurai, n. sp., 138. 
Polymerodes, n. subgen., 143. 
Polymera conjuncta, 143. 

% conjunctoides, 143. 

* parishi, n. sp., 143. 
Pomphopecea femoralis, 72. 
Pond-lily Leaf-beetle, 237. 

Poplar Borer, 24. 
Popular and Practical Entomology, 1, 25, 

49, 73, 106, 121, 169, 217, 241, 265. 
Porococcus tinctorius, 62. 
Pristophora ostiaria, n. sp., 236. 
Proteopteryx oregonana, 123. 
Protodiaspis agriioliz, 30. 

anomala, 32. 

ri edentata, 32. 

x" lobata, n. sp., 31. 
parvula, 30. 

e pulchra, n. sp., 31. 
me tridentata, 32. 
the genus, 29. 
Pseudachorutes saxatilis, n. sp., 174. 
Pseudodiaspis yucce, 64. 
Psorophora sayi, 114. 
Psyche in 1919, contents of, 169. 
Psylla malis, 24. 

**  Pear-tree, 23. 
Psyllebcra nana, 43. 
Pteronidea elita, n. sp., 235. 

edura, I. SP., 2ooe 

= effeta, n. sp., 234. 
effusa, n. sp., 233. 
emerita, n. sp., 254. 
enavata, n. sp., 236. 
equina, n. sp., 235. 
erudita, n. sp., 234. 
evantda, n. sp., 233. 
exacta, n. sp., 235. 
Pteronus ribesii, life- istoty , 106. 
Pterophoride, notes on larve and pupae, 87. 
Pterophorus elliotti, life-history, 90. 

eupatorii, life- history, 92. 
homodactylus, life-history, 89. 
Ptinus tuberculatus, n. sp., 68. 


“ce 


Quadrifrons castanea, 45, 











Raphidolabis persimilis, n. sp., 79. 
Rhabdopterus picipes as an apple pest, 265. 
Rhopalocera, new Japanese, 137, 
Rockwoop, L. P., article by, 38, 

Rose midge in Ontario, 23. 

ROSEWALL, O. W., article by, 203. 


Saperda calcarata, 24. 
Saprinus obsidianus, 45. 
Sapromyza citreifrons, nN. sp., 127. 
fratercula, n. sp., 128. 
fuscibasis, n. sp., 126. 
imitatrix, n. sp., 128. 
nubilifera, n. sp., 126. 
occidentalis, n. sp., 127. 
pernotata, n. sp., 128. 
SAWYER, W. S., article by, 265. 
SCHROTTKY, C: , article by, 9 
Scutelleroidea from Vancouver Island, 12. 
Scymnillus eleuthere, 44. 
Scymnus bivulnerus, 44. 

a dichrous, 44. 
Scythris confinis, n. sp., 40. 

“ graminivorella, n. sp., 40. 
interrupta, n. sp., 41. 
ypsilon, n. sp., 41. 
Scytonotus columbianus, n. sp., 166. 
Selenophorus fatuus, 43. 

* ovalis, 261. 
Sigibius puritanus, 95. 
Sigmatomera amazonica, 142. 
Situ, E. J., article by, 116. 
Soldiers’ collecting day in France, 49. 
Sonibius politus, 95. 
Spalacopsis filum, 69. 
Sphaerophoria cylindrica, 54 
Sphex vulgaris, Homing instinct, 50. 
Sphinx separatus, generic position of, 33. 
Spiders, new, from Utah, 193. 
Spirembolus, n. gen., 197. 
vi vallicolens, n. sp., 198. 

Stenopogon uhleri, n. sp., 66. 
Sthenopis argenteomaculatus, nervous system 

of larva, 275. ° 
Sthenopis thule, nervous system of larva, 275. 
Stonaphis pint, n. sp., 77 
STONER, D., article by, 12. 
STRICKLAND, E. H., article by, 1. 
SWAINE, J. M., articles by, 97, 275. 
Synchroa punctata, 263. 
Syrphide, aphidophagous, 53. 
Syrphide collected in England and France, 

S35), 
Syrphus.americanus, 54. 

a ribesii, 54. 

ee torvus, 54. 


ae 


ae 


Tachygonus minutus, n. sp., 263. 
TAKAHASHI, R., articles by, 19, 77. 
Taphrocerus puncticollis, AG. 
Targionia yuccarum, 64. 

- bilineatus, 262. 
Telephorus’ neglectus, 251. 
Tenebroides floridanus, 262. 
Tetraopes tetraophthalmus, 263. 
Tetraphleps, the genus, 83. 
americana, n. sp., 84. 
uniformis, n. sp., 85. 
Teucholabis pabulatoria, n. sp., 141. 


ae 


290 INDEX TO VOLUME LII. 





Thyanta custator, 13. 
TIMBERLAKE, P. H., article by, 96. 
Tipula alphaspis nyase, n. subsp., 155. 
“  angulata, 5. 
“  bariletti, n. sp., 150. 
caloptera, 5. 
«  claasseni, n. sp., 111. 
«  ellioti, n. sp., 156. 
entomophthora, 8. 
huntsmaniana, n. sp., 7. 
huron, 8. 
inermis, 5. 
kenia, n. sp., 157. 
latipennis, 5. 
“  leonensis, n. sp., 155. 
“  Lygropis, n. sp., 226. 
masat, n. sp., 149. 
meliuscula, n. sp., 154. 
“  milanjensis, n. sp., 152. 
milanjii, n. sp., 147. 
neavit, n. sp., 158. 
novd, Nn. Sp., 
ottawaensis, 5. 
“«  pseudotruncorum, n. sp., 228. 
rohweri, 5. 
ruwenzort, Nn. sp., 159. 
oe “ ankolensis, n. subsp., 160. 
‘«  silinda, n. sp., 148. 
‘“  tfenessa, n. sp., 226. 
tephrocephala, 5. 
texensis, 5. 
‘‘ victoria, n. sp., 151. 
Tipulide from E. Kootenay, B. C., 109. 
Tolype dayi, n. sp., 266. 
Tortricid moth from Nova Scotia, a new, 125. 
Trachea finitima cerivana, 121. 
TREHERNFE, R. C., articles by, 13, 201. 
Trichodes apivorus trifasciatus, 46. 
Trichopticus, keys to species, 272, 273. 
ca synopsis of the genus, 271. 
ce brevitarsis, 273. 
& conformis, 272, 274. 














Trichopticus coquilletti, 272. 
diaphanus, 272, 273. 


7 diffinis, 272. 

A fimbriatus, 272. 

c innocuus, 273, 274. 

a johnsoni, 273, 274. 

ss latipennis, 272, 274. 

re maculiventris, 272, 273. 
* melanderi, 273, 274. 


i septentrionalis, 272, 274. 

os spiniger, 272, 274. 

‘ subrostratus, 273, 274. 

f villicrurus, 273. 
Trichoptilus lobidactylus, life-history, $8. 
Trirhabda virgata, 70. 

Typhlocyba appendiculata, n. sp., 95. 
Tytthonyx flavicollis, n. sp., 262. 


Urocerus flavicornis, 216. 
Vespa, the genus in Canada, 24. 


WALKER, E, M., articles by, 22, 47, 190, 191, 
216, 283, 

Walking sticks, 241, 

Wess, Harry B., articles by, 14, 18, 169, 
204, 220, 287, 240, 247. 

West, E., article by, 237. 

WicxuaM, H, F., article by, 134. 

WILLEy, ARTHUR, article by, 8. 

Winter insect life, 217, 

Wood-boring beetles in Black Locust, 203. 


Zelotes fratris, n, sp., 198, 

oi tampra, n. sp,, 198. 
Zeugophora scutellaris, 1. 

as abnormis, 1, 


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